Correlation between pre-anesthesia anxiety and emergence agitation in non-small cell lung cancer surgery patients.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anxiety is a common emotional problem during the perioperative period and may adversely affect postoperative recovery. Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication of general anesthesia that may increase patient discomfort and hospital stay and may be associated with the development of postoperative complications. Pre-anesthetic anxiety may be associated with the development of EA, but studies in this area are lacking. AIM: To determine the relationship between pre-anesthetic anxiety and EA after radical surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Eighty patients with NSCLC undergoing surgical treatment between June 2020 and June 2023 were conveniently sampled. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale's (HADS) anxiety subscale (HADS-A) to determine patients' anxiety at four time points (T1-T4): Patients' preoperative visit, waiting period in the surgical waiting room, after entering the operating room, and before anesthesia induction, respectively. The Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (RSAS) examined EA after surgery. Scatter plots of HADS-A and RSAS scores assessed the correlation between patients' pre-anesthesia anxiety status and EA. We performed a partial correlation analysis of HADS-A scores with RSAS scores. RESULTS: NSCLC patients' HADS-A scores gradually increased at the four time points: 7.33 ± 2.03 at T1, 7.99 ± 2.22 at T2, 8.05 ± 2.81 at T3, and 8.36 ± 4.17 at T4. The patients' postoperative RSAS score was 4.49 ± 1.18, and 27 patients scored ≥ 5, indicating that 33.75% patients had EA. HADS-A scores at T3 and T4 were significantly higher in patients with EA (9.67 ± 3.02 vs 7.23 ± 2.31, 12.56 ± 4.10 vs 6.23 ± 2.05, P < 0.001). Scatter plots showed the highest correlation between HADS-A and RSAS scores at T3 and T4. Partial correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between HADS-A and RSAS scores at T3 and T4 (r = 0.296, 0.314, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Agitation during anesthesia recovery in patients undergoing radical resection for NSCLC correlated with anxiety at the time of entering the operating room and before anesthesia induction.

Potential of coagulation to remove particle-associated and free-living antibiotic resistome from wastewater.

Coagulation has been accepted as a cost-effective and environmental-friendly method to remove pollutants. In our recent work, two coagulants of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) with dosage gradients, and one coagulant aid of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) were used to investigate their potential to remove particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) ARGs and MGEs detected by high throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) method. The results indicated that the maximum removal efficiencies of PA- and FL-ARGs (4.67- and 3.18-logs) were obtained at the PAFC dosage of 50.0 mg/L. Excessive PAFC dosage can hamper the removal of size-fractionated ARGs. As PAC aid, anionic PAM (1.0 mg/L) had limited effects to promote the removal of PA-ARG, while FL-ARG removal was enhanced by 0.34 log at the PAC dosage of 50.0 mg/L. The fitted curves suggested that the optimal chemical dosages of PAC, PAFC and PAC coupled with PAM in the removal of total ARGs and MGEs were 40.5, 64.7 and 50.0 mg/L, respectively. In addition, we found that much more coagulants were needed to remove FL-ARGs compared to that of PA-ARGs. The removal efficiencies of size-fractionated ARGs by flocculation can be affected by coagulant type, dosage, coagulant aid, Zeta potential and microorganism lifestyle (PA or FL).

Epigallocatechingallate attenuates myocardial injury in a mouse model of heart failure through TGF­ß1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

The present study aimed to assess the protective effect of epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) against myocardial injury in a mouse model of heart failure and to determine the mechanism underlying regulation of the transforming growth factor­ß1/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (TGF­ß1/Smad3) signaling pathway. Mouse models of heart failure were established. Alterations in ejection fraction, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal systolic diameter (LVIDs) were measured by echocardiography. Pathological alterations of myocardial tissue were determined by hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining. The levels of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N­terminal­proBNP, interleukin (IL)­1ß, IL­6, tumor necrosis factor­α, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were detected with ELISA. Expression of collagen I, collagen III were detected by western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transforming growth factor­ß1 (TGF­ß1), Smad3, phosphorylated (p)­Smad3, apoptosis regulator BAX (Bax), caspase­3 and apoptosis regulator Bcl2 in mouse cardiac tissue were measured by western blotting. P­smad3 and TGF­ß1 were measured by immunofluorescence staining. EGCG reversed the alterations in LVIDd and LVIDs induced by establishment of the model of heart failure, increased ejection fraction, inhibited myocardial fibrosis, attenuated the oxidative stress, inflammatory and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and lowered the expression levels of collagen I and collagen III. Following treatment with TGF­ß1 inhibitor, the protective effect of EGCG against heart failure was attenuated. The results of the present study demonstrated that EGCG can inhibit the progression and development of heart failure in mice through inhibition of myocardial fibrosis and reduction of ventricular collagen remodeling. This protective effect of EGCG is likely mediated through inhibition of TGF­ß1/smad3 signaling pathway.

miR­199a­3p is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic neuropathy through downregulation of SerpinE2.

The present study aimed to investigate the expression status of miRNA­199a­3p in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN) and the mechanism by which this miRNA is involved in the genesis of DN. The expression of miRNA­199a­3p in plasma of peripheral blood was compared between patients with diabetes and a family history of diabetes and control volunteers by reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT­qPCR); in 60 diabetes patients, 45 (75%) demosntrated upregulated miR­199a­3p expression compared with control volunteer plasma. RT­qPCR was also used to detect miRNA­199a­3p expression in paired lower limb skin tissues from 30 patients with DN and 20 control volunteers; miR­199a­3p expression in patients with DN was significantly higher than in the control group. Next miR­199a­3p expression levels were evaluated with respect to the clinic­pathological parameters of diabetes; increased expression of miR­199a­3p was significantly associated with increased disease duration (P=0.041), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels (P=0.033), and fibrinogen levels (P=0.003). Finally, the effects on downstream mRNA expression levels were investigated as a result of manipulating miR­199a­3p levels. miR­199a­3p overexpression inhibited the expression of the extracellular serine protease inhibitor E2 (SerpinE2). Therefore, it may be hypothesized that miR­199a­3p can induce DN via promoting coagulation in skin peripheral circulation, through the downregulation of SerpinE2. The present findings suggested that miR­199a­3p may have potential as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with DN.

[Analysis on processing mechanism of calamine].

OBJECTIVE: To study processing method and mechanism of Calamine. METHOD: Thermogravimetry analysis method and nano-technology were adopted to analyze and synthesize the components in Calamine, Tetracycline was took as the comparison drug to determine the antibacterial activity of Calamine and its components. RESULT: A part of zinc carbonate in Calamine was decomposed into zinc oxide when processing, and the particle size was smaller than before. The antibacterial activity of Calamine is decided by the content and particle size of zinc oxide, and has nothing with zinc carbonate. The more content and the smaller particle size of zinc oxide, the more powerful antibacterial activity of Calamine. CONCLUSION: The content and the particle size of zinc oxide can be the important targets in the processing of Calamine.