ABSTRACT
We explored gum irritation and cytotoxicity caused by nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy porcelain by interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volumes at different time points peri-crown restoration. This prospective study was conducted in 60 young adults. The total amount and concentrations of IL-8 and IL-6 per site, GCF volumes, and blood neutrophil counts were performed prior to and at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after Ni-Cr alloy-porcelain crown restoration. Thirty male and 30 female subjects, aged 20-35 years old were enrolled. The total amount and concentrations of IL-8 and IL-6 per site, GCF volumes increased after nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy-porcelain crown restoration, and reached its peak at the third month as the GCF volume increased by 52.20 %, the total amount and concentrations of IL-8 increased by 112.11 and 22.75 %; the total amount and concentrations of IL-6 increased by 77.66 and 17.17 % when compared to baseline. In particular, the increase of IL-8 concentration was found in female patients at 3 months after restoration; while the neutrophil count of the peripheral blood did not change significantly. The increase in the total amount and the concentrations of IL-8 and IL-6 and GCF volume may be related to the cytotoxicity induced by Ni-Cr alloy. The significant increase of IL-8 concentration in females indicates that more attention should be given to women during Ni-Cr alloy porcelain crown restoration.
Subject(s)
Chromium Alloys , Crowns , Dental Restoration Repair , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Interleukin-8/metabolism , Metal Ceramic Alloys , Adult , Chromium Alloys/adverse effects , Chromium Alloys/chemistry , Chromium Alloys/pharmacology , Dental Restoration Repair/methods , Female , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/drug effects , Humans , Interleukin-6/analysis , Interleukin-8/analysis , Leukocyte Count , Male , Metal Ceramic Alloys/adverse effects , Metal Ceramic Alloys/chemistry , Metal Ceramic Alloys/pharmacology , Neutrophils/cytology , Neutrophils/metabolism , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze our 20-year clinical results with 413 GK-2 mechanical heart valves. METHODS: 123 men and 204 women with a mean age of 38.62 +/- 10.14 years accepted cardiac valve replacements. Ninety-one percent had NYHA class III or IV heart function. The mitral position was in 205 patients, aortic position in 31 patients, aortic and mitral in 86 patients, and tricuspid position in 5. Altogether 296 mitral prosthetic valves and 117 aortic prosthetic valves were implanted. Follow-up is 91% and extended 0.5 to 19.6 years with cumulative 2440.7 patient-years. RESULTS: The early mortality was 3.36% (11/327). There were 24 late deaths (0.98% per patient-year). The actuarial probability of survival was 93.31% +/- 0.03% at 5 years, 89.59 +/- 2.1% at 10 years, 83.61% +/- 6.09% at 15 years. The linearized rate of thromboembolism was 0.29% pt-yr, the rate of bleeding event 0.49% pt-yr. In 91.98% of survivors NYHA functional performance have improved to class II or I. CONCLUSION: Early and long-term results in our hospital demonstrate that the GK-2 prosthetic heart valve exhibits excellent hemodynamic properties, mechanical durability and a low incidence of valve-related complications.
