Ba2Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4): the first fluoride-containing iodate-phosphate with a 1D [Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4)]4- helix chain.

Herein, the first F-containing iodate-phosphate, namely Ba2Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4), was prepared via a hydrothermal reaction, in which HPF6 (70 wt% solution in water) was used as the source of both fluoride and phosphate anions for the first time. Ba2Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4) features an unprecedented 1D [Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4)]4- helix chain, composed of a 1D Ga(1)(IO3)O4F chain via the bridging of 0D Ga(2)(PO4)F5. The UV-Vis spectrum shows that Ba2Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4) has a wide bandgap with a short-UV absorption edge (4.35 eV; 253 nm). Birefringence measurement under a polarizing microscope shows that Ba2Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4) displays a moderate birefringence of 0.072@550 nm, which is consistent with the value (0.070@550 nm) obtained by DFT calculations, indicating that Ba2Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4) has potential applications as a short-UV birefringent material. This study highlights the crucial role played by the incorporation of specific functional groups into compounds, shedding light on their contribution to promising inorganic functional materials.

Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Examining the Role of Salvage Radiotherapy Field and Risk Factors for Regional Disease Recurrence Captured on 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT.

PURPOSE: The role of elective pelvic nodal irradiation in salvage radiotherapy (sRT) remains controversial. Utilizing 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT, this study aimed to investigate differences in disease distribution after whole pelvic (WPRT) or prostate bed (PBRT) radiotherapy and to identify risk factors for pelvic lymph node (LN) relapse. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with PSA > 0.1 ng/mL post-radical prostatectomy (RP) or post-RP and sRT who underwent 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT. Disease distribution on 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT after sRT was compared using Chi-square tests. Risk factors were tested for association with pelvic LN relapse after RP and salvage PBRT using logistic regression. RESULTS: 979 18F-DCFPyL PET/CTs performed at our institution between 1/1/2022 - 3/24/2023 were analyzed. There were 246 patients meeting criteria, of which 84 received salvage RT after RP (post-salvage RT group) and 162 received only RP (post-RP group). Salvage PBRT patients (n = 58) had frequent pelvic nodal (53.6%) and nodal-only (42.6%) relapse. Salvage WPRT patients (n = 26) had comparatively lower rates of pelvic nodal (16.7%, p = 0.002) and nodal-only (19.2%, p = 0.04) relapse. The proportion of distant metastases did not differ between the two groups. Multiple patient characteristics, including ISUP grade and seminal vesicle invasion, were associated with pelvic LN disease in the post-RP group. CONCLUSION: At PSA persistence or progression, salvage WPRT resulted in lower rates of nodal involvement than salvage PBRT, but did not reduce distant metastases. Certain risk factors increase the likelihood of pelvic LN relapse after RP and can help inform salvage RT field selection.

Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation to Elucidate the Mechanism of Acteoside in Treating Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: Acteoside, an active ingredient found in various medicinal herbs, is effective in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, the intrinsic pharmacological mechanism of action of acteoside in the treatment of DKD remains unclear. This study utilizes a combined approach of network pharmacology and experimental validation to investigate the potential molecular mechanism systematically. Methods: First, acteoside potential targets and DKD-associated targets were aggregated from public databases. Subsequently, utilizing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, alongside GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, we established target-pathway networks to identify core potential therapeutic targets and pathways. Further, molecular docking facilitated the confirmation of interactions between acteoside and central targets. Finally, the conjectured molecular mechanisms of acteoside against DKD were verified through experimentation on unilateral nephrectomy combined with streptozotocin (STZ) rat model. The underlying downstream mechanisms were further investigated. Results: Network pharmacology identified 129 potential intersected targets of acteoside for DKD treatment, including targets such as AKT1, TNF, Casp3, MMP9, SRC, IGF1, EGFR, HRAS, CASP8, and MAPK8. Enrichment analyses indicated the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Metabolic, and Relaxin signaling pathways could be involved in this therapeutic context. Molecular docking revealed high-affinity binding of acteoside to PIK3R1, AKT1, and NF-κB1. In vivo studies validated the therapeutic efficacy of acteoside, demonstrating reduced blood glucose levels, improved serum Scr and BUN levels, decreased 24-hour urinary total protein (P<0.05), alongside mitigated podocyte injury (P<0.05) and ameliorated renal pathological lesions. Furthermore, this finding indicates that acteoside inhibits the expression of pyroptosis markers NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18 through the modulation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion: Acteoside demonstrates renoprotective effects in DKD by regulating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviating pyroptosis. This study explores the pharmacological mechanism underlying acteoside's efficacy in DKD treatment, providing a foundation for further basic and clinical research.

Absolute Structures of a Mirror Pair of Infinite Na(H2O)4 + -Connected ε-Keggin-Al13 Species.

The absolute structures of a pair of infinite Na(H2O)4+-connected ε-Keggin-Al13 species (Na-ε-K-Al13) that were inversion structures and mirror images of each other were determined. Single crystals obtained by adding A2SO4 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs) solution to NaOH-hydrolyzed AlCl3 solution were subjected to X-ray structure analyses. The statistical results for 36 single crystals showed that all the crystals had almost the same unit cell parameter, belonged to the same F4̅3m space group, and possessed the same structural formula [Na(H2O)4AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12](SO4)4·10H2O. However, the crystals had two inverse absolute structures (denoted A and B), which had a crystallization ratio of 1:1. From Li+ to Cs+, with increasing volume of the cation coexisting in the mother solution, the degree of disorder of the four H2O molecules in the Na(H2O)4+ hydrated ion continuously decreased; they became ordered when the cation was Cs+. Absolute structures A and B are the first two infinite aluminum polycations connected by statistically occupied [(Na1/4)4(H2O)4]+ hydrated ions. The three-dimensional structure of the infinite Na-ε-K-Al13 species can be regarded as the assembly of finite ε-K-Al13 species linked by [(Na1/4)4(H2O)4]+ in a 1:1 ratio. In this assembly, each [(Na1/4)4(H2O)4]+ is connected to four ε-K-Al13 and each ε-K-Al13 is also connected to four [(Na1/4)4(H2O)4]+ in tetrahedral orientations to form a continuous rigid framework structure, which has an inverse spatial orientation between absolute structure A and B. This discovery clarifies that the ε-K-Al13 (or ε-K-GaAl12) species in Na[MO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12](XO4)4·nH2O (M = Al, Ga; X = S, Se; n = 10-20) exists as discrete groups and deepens understanding of the formation and evolution process of polyaluminum species in forcibly hydrolyzed aluminum salt solution. The reason why Na+ statistically occupies the four sites was examined, and a formation and evolution mechanism of the infinite Na-ε-K-Al13 species was proposed.

Contemporary Management of Pediatric Brainstem Tumors.

Brain tumors are the second most common malignancy in childhood. Around 15-20% of pediatric brain tumors occur in the brainstem. The most common type of brainstem tumor are diffuse tumors in the ventral pons, whereas focal tumors tend to arise from the midbrain, medulla, and dorsal pons. Glioma is the most common pathological entity. Contemporary management consists of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other adjuvant treatment. Surgical options range from biopsy to radical excision. Biopsy can be performed for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, or in the setting of clinical trials, mainly for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. For focal tumors, surgeons need to carefully balance clinical outcomes against possible neurological sequelae in order to achieve maximal safe resection. Radiotherapy is essential for control of high-grade tumors and may be applied to residual or recurrent low-grade tumors. Proton therapy may provide similar efficacy and less neurotoxicity in comparison to conventional photon therapy. Oncological treatment continues to evolve from conventional chemotherapy to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other novel treatment methods and holds great potential as adjuvant therapy for pediatric brainstem tumors.

SiX2 (X = S, Se) Nanowire Gate-All-Around MOSFETs for Sub-5 nm Applications.

The gate-all-around (GAA) field-effect transistor (FET) holds great potential to support next-generation integrated circuits. Nanowires such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one important category of channel materials in GAA FETs. Based on first-principles investigations, we propose that SiX2 (X = S, Se) nanowires are promising channel materials that can significantly elevate the performance of GAA FETs. The sub-5 nm SiX2 (X = S, Se) nanowire GAA FETs exhibit excellent ballistic transport properties that meet the requirements of the 2013 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). Compared to CNTs, they are also advantageous or at least comparable in terms of gate controllability, device dimensions, etc. Importantly, SiSe2 GAA FETs show superb gate controllability due to the ultralow minimum subthreshold swing (SSmin) that breaks "Boltzmann's tyranny". Moreover, the energy-delay product (EDP) of SiX2 GAA FETs is significantly lower than that of the CNT FETs. These features make SiX2 nanowires ideal channel material in the sub-5 nm GAA FET devices.

1,5-Hydrogen atom transfer of α-iminyl radical cations: a new platform for relay annulation for pyridine derivatives and axially chiral heterobiaryls.

The exploitation of new reactive species and novel transformation modes for their synthetic applications have significantly promoted the development of synthetic organic methodology, drug discovery, and advanced functional materials. α-Iminyl radical cations, a class of distonic ions, exhibit great synthetic potential for the synthesis of valuable molecules. For their generation, radical conjugate addition to α,ß-unsaturated iminium ions represents a concise yet highly challenging route, because the in situ generated species are short-lived and highly reactive and they have a high tendency to cause radical elimination (ß-scission) to regenerate the more stable iminium ions. Herein, we report a new transformation mode of the α-iminyl radical cation, that is to say, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT). Such a strategy can generate a species bearing multiple reactive sites, which serves as a platform to realize (asymmetric) relay annulations. The present iron/secondary amine synergistic catalysis causes a modular assembly of a broad spectrum of new structurally fused pyridines including axially chiral heterobiaryls, and exhibits good functional group tolerance. A series of mechanistic experiments support the α-iminyl radical cation-induced 1,5-HAT, and the formation of several radical species in the relay annulations. Various synthetic transformations of the reaction products demonstrate the usefulness of this relay annulation protocol for the synthesis of significant molecules.

Cloning and Functional Analysis of CsROP5 and CsROP10 Genes Involved in Cucumber Resistance to Corynespora cassiicola.

The cloning of resistance-related genes CsROP5/CsROP10 and the analysis of their mechanism of action provide a theoretical basis for the development of molecular breeding of disease-resistant cucumbers. The structure domains of two Rho-related guanosine triphosphatases from plant (ROP) genes were systematically analyzed using the bioinformatics method in cucumber plants, and the genes CsROP5 (Cucsa.322750) and CsROP10 (Cucsa.197080) were cloned. The functions of the two genes were analyzed using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), transient overexpression, cucumber genetic transformation, and histochemical staining technology. The conserved elements of the CsROP5/CsROP10 proteins include five sequence motifs (G1-G5), a recognition site for serine/threonine kinases, and a hypervariable region (HVR). The knockdown of CsROP10 through VIGS affected the transcript levels of ABA-signaling-pathway-related genes (CsPYL, CsPP2Cs, CsSnRK2s, and CsABI5), ROS-signaling-pathway-related genes (CsRBOHD and CsRBOHF), and defense-related genes (CsPR2 and CsPR3), thereby improving cucumber resistance to Corynespora cassiicola. Meanwhile, inhibiting the expression of CsROP5 regulated the expression levels of ROS-signaling-pathway-related genes (CsRBOHD and CsRBOHF) and defense-related genes (CsPR2 and CsPR3), thereby enhancing the resistance of cucumber to C. cassiicola. Overall, CsROP5 and CsROP10 may participate in cucumber resistance to C. cassiicola through the ROS and ABA signaling pathways.

Reliable detection of malachite green by self-assembled SERS substrates based on gold-silicon heterogeneous nano pineapple structures.

Morphology regulation of heterodimer nanoparticles and the use of their asymmetric features for further practical applications are crucial because of the rich optical properties and various combinations of heterodimers. This work used silicon to asymmetrically wrap half of a gold sphere and grew gold branches on the bare gold surface to form heterogeneous nano pineapples (NPPs) which can effectively improve Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties through chemical enhancement and lightning-rod effect respectively. The asymmetric structures of NPPs enabled them to self-assemble into the monolayer membrane with consistent branch orientation. The prepared substrate had high homogeneity and better SERS ability than disorganized substrates, and achieved reliable detection of malachite green (MG) in clams with a detection limit of 7.8 × 10-11 M. This work provided a guide to further revise the morphology of heterodimers and a new idea for the use of asymmetric dimers for practically photochemical and biomedical sensing.

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OBJECTIVES: To explore the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology in the etiological diagnosis of sepsis in preterm infants following antibiotic use. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records for 45 preterm infants with sepsis who were treated at Henan Provincial People's Hospital. All patients received antibiotic treatment for ≥3 days and underwent both blood culture and mNGS testing. The detection rates of pathogens by blood culture and mNGS testing were compared. RESULTS: The positive detection rate of pathogens by blood mNGS was higher than that by blood culture (44% vs 4%; P<0.001). Blood mNGS detected 28 strains of pathogens, including 23 bacteria, 4 fungi, and 1 Ureaplasma parvum. Blood culture identified one case each of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the group treated with antibiotics for >10 days, the positive rate of blood mNGS testing was higher than that of blood culture (40% vs 3%; P<0.001); similarly, in the group treated with antibiotics for ≤10 days, the positive rate of blood mNGS testing was also higher than that of blood culture (53% vs 7%; P=0.020). Treatment plans were adjusted based on blood mNGS results for 13 patients, with an effectiveness rate of 85% (11/13). CONCLUSIONS: In preterm infants with sepsis following antibiotic use, the positive rate of pathogen detection by blood mNGS is higher than that by blood culture and is unaffected by the duration of antibiotic use. Therefore, mNGS testing can be considered for confirming pathogens when clinical suspicion of infection is high but blood culture fails to detect the pathogen.

Foliar uptake screening: A promising strategy for identifying wheat varieties with low lead accumulation.

Lead (Pb) contamination in wheat grain is of great concern, especially in North China. Atmospheric deposition is a major contributor to Pb accumulation in wheat grain. Screening low Pb accumulating wheat varieties has been an effective method for addressing Pb contamination in wheat grain. However, identifying wheat varieties with low Pb accumulation based on foliar uptake of atmospheric Pb has been neglected. Therefore, two field trials with distinct atmospheric Pb deposition were conducted to screen for stable varieties with low Pb accumulation. It was verified that YB700 and CH58, which have high thousand-grain weights and stable low Pb accumulation in field 1 (0.19 and 0.13 mg kg-1) and field 2 (0.17 and 0.20 mg kg-1), respectively, were recommended for cultivation in atmospheric Pb contaminated farmlands in North China. Furthermore, indoor experiments were conducted to investigate Pb uptake by the roots and leaves of different wheat varieties. Our findings indicate that Pb accumulation in different wheat varieties is primarily influenced by foliar Pb uptake rather than root Pb uptake. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the Pb concentrations in leaves and the stomatal width and trichome length of the adaxial epidermal surface. Additionally, there is a positive correlation (p < 0.01) between the Pb concentration in the wheat grain and trichome length. In conclusion, the screening of wheat varieties with narrower stomatal widths or shorter trichomes based on foliar uptake pathways is an effective strategy for ensuring food safety in areas contaminated by atmospheric Pb.

Atomic-level polarization reversal in sliding ferroelectric semiconductors.

Intriguing "slidetronics" has been reported in van der Waals (vdW) layered non-centrosymmetric materials and newly-emerging artificially-tuned twisted moiré superlattices, but correlative experiments that spatially track the interlayer sliding dynamics at atomic-level remain elusive. Here, we address the decisive challenge to in-situ trace the atomic-level interlayer sliding and the induced polarization reversal in vdW-layered yttrium-doped γ-InSe, step by step and atom by atom. We directly observe the real-time interlayer sliding by a 1/3-unit cell along the armchair direction, corresponding to vertical polarization reversal. The sliding driven only by low energetic electron-beam illumination suggests rather low switching barriers. Additionally, we propose a new sliding mechanism that supports the observed reversal pathway, i.e., two bilayer units slide towards each other simultaneously. Our insights into the polarization reversal via the atomic-scale interlayer sliding provide a momentous initial progress for the ongoing and future research on sliding ferroelectrics towards non-volatile storages or ferroelectric field-effect transistors.

Screening of specific binding peptide for ß-lactoglobulin using phage display technology.

ß-lactoglobulin (ß-Lg) is a major food allergen, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid method for detecting ß-Lg in order to avoid contact or ingestion by allergic patients. Peptide aptamers have high affinity, specificity, and stability, and have broad prospects in the field of rapid detection. Using ß-Lg as the target, this study screened 11 peptides (P1-11) from a phage display library. Using molecular docking technology to predict binding energy and binding mode of proteins and peptides. Select the peptides with the best binding ability to ß-Lg (P5, P7, P8) through ELISA. Combining them with whey protein, casein, and bovine serum protein, it was found that P7 has the best specificity for ß-Lg, with an inhibition rate of 87.99%. Verified by molecular dynamics that P7 binds well with ß-Lg. Therefore, this peptide can be used for the recognition of ß-Lg, becoming a new recognition element for detecting ß-Lg.

Protective effects of Jing-Si-herbal-tea in inflammatory cytokines-induced cell injury on normal human lung fibroblast via multiomic platform analysis.

Objectives: The protective effects and related mechanisms of Jing-Si herbal tea (JSHT) were investigated in cellular damage mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, on normal human lung fibroblast by multiomic platform analysis. Materials and Methods: The in silico high-throughput target was analyzed using pharmacophore models by BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2022 with ingenuity pathway analysis software. To assess cell viability, the study utilized the MTT assay technique. In addition, the IncuCyte S3 ZOOM System was implemented for the continuous monitoring of cell confluence of JSHT-treated cytokine-injured HEL 299 cells. Cytokine concentrations were determined using a Quantibody Human Inflammation Array. Gene expression and signaling pathways were determined using next-generation sequencing. Results: In silico high-throughput target analysis of JSHT revealed ingenuity in canonical pathways and their networks. Glucocorticoid receptor signaling is a potential signaling of JSHT. The results revealed protective effects against the inflammatory cytokines on JSHT-treated HEL 299 cells. Transcriptome and network analyses revealed that induction of helper T lymphocytes, TNFSF12, NFKB1-mediated relaxin signaling, and G-protein coupled receptor signaling play important roles in immune regulatory on JSHT-treated cytokine-injured HEL 299 cells. Conclusion: The findings from our research indicate that JSHT holds promise as a therapeutic agent, potentially offering advantageous outcomes in treating virus infections through various mechanisms. Furthermore, the primary bioactive components in JSHT justify extended research in antiviral drug development, especially in the context of addressing coronavirus.

Multidimensional Refinement Graph Convolutional Network With Robust Decouple Loss for Fine-Grained Skeleton-Based Action Recognition.

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been widely used in skeleton-based action recognition. However, existing approaches are limited in fine-grained action recognition due to the similarity of interclass data. Moreover, the noisy data from pose extraction increase the challenge of fine-grained recognition. In this work, we propose a flexible attention block called channel-variable spatial-temporal attention (CVSTA) to enhance the discriminative power of spatial-temporal joints and obtain a more compact intraclass feature distribution. Based on CVSTA, we construct a multidimensional refinement GCN (MDR-GCN) that can improve the discrimination among channel-, joint-, and frame-level features for fine-grained actions. Furthermore, we propose a robust decouple loss (RDL) that significantly boosts the effect of the CVSTA and reduces the impact of noise. The proposed method combining MDR-GCN with RDL outperforms the known state-of-the-art skeleton-based approaches on fine-grained datasets, FineGym99 and FSD-10, and also on the coarse NTU-RGB + D 120 dataset and NTU-RGB + D X-view version. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/dingyn-Reno/MDR-GCN.

LGCDA: Predicting CircRNA-Disease Association Based on Fusion of Local and Global Features.

CircRNA has been shown to be involved in the occurrence of many diseases. Several computational frameworks have been proposed to identify circRNA-disease associations. Despite the existing computational methods have obtained considerable successes, these methods still require to be improved as their performance may degrade due to the sparsity of the data and the problem of memory overflow. We develop a novel computational framework called LGCDA to predict circRNA-disease associations by fusing local and global features to solve the above mentioned problems. First, we construct closed local subgraphs by using k-hop closed subgraph and label the subgraphs to obtain rich graph pattern information. Then, the local features are extracted by using graph neural network (GNN). In addition, we fuse Gaussian interaction profile (GIP) kernel and cosine similarity to obtain global features. Finally, the score of circRNA-disease associations is predicted by using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) based on local and global features. We perform five- fold cross validation on five datasets for model evaluation and our model surpasses other advanced methods. The code is available at https://github.com/lanbiolab/LGCDA.

Risk Factors for Isolated Sphenoid Sinusitis after Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery.

(1) Background: Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery can be conducted via microscopic or endoscopic approaches, and there has been a growing preference for the latter in recent years. However, the occurrence of rare complications such as postoperative sinusitis remains inadequately documented in the existing literature. (2) Methods: To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis of medical records spanning from 2018 to 2023, focusing on patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (formerly called pituitary adenoma). Our study encompassed detailed evaluations of pituitary function and MRI imaging pre- and postsurgery, supplemented by transnasal endoscopic follow-up assessments at the otolaryngology outpatient department. Risk factors for sinusitis were compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. (3) Results: Out of the 203 patients included in our analysis, a subset of 17 individuals developed isolated sphenoid sinusitis within three months postoperation. Further scrutiny of the data revealed significant associations between certain factors and the occurrence of postoperative sphenoid sinusitis. Specifically, the classification of the primary tumor emerged as a notable risk factor, with patients exhibiting nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with 3.71 times the odds of developing sinusitis compared to other tumor types. Additionally, postoperative cortisol levels demonstrated a significant inverse relationship, with lower cortisol levels correlating with an increased risk of sphenoid sinusitis postsurgery. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings underscore the importance of considering tumor classification and postoperative cortisol levels as potential predictors of postoperative sinusitis in patients undergoing transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary surgery. These insights offer valuable guidance for clinicians in identifying at-risk individuals and implementing tailored preventive and management strategies to mitigate the occurrence and impact of sinusitis complications in this patient population.

Effects of aloe vera on burn injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Burn injuries cause severe pain, infection risks, psychological distress, financial burdens, and mortality, necessitating effective care. Aloe vera, a traditional burn remedy, shows wound healing potential, but its analgesic effects and efficacy with varying burn severity are uncertain. This study aims to investigate aloe vera's impact on wound healing, pain management, and infection prevention in burn patients. A systematic search on PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL was performed on 9th October 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (version 2), and the meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was wound healing time, with secondary outcomes examining pain severity and wound infection. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. Nine RCTs were included in the current study, of which six provided data on the primary outcome. Aloe vera significantly reduced mean wound healing time compared to other topicals [mean difference (MD) -3.76 days; 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.69 to -1.84]. Additionally, the meta-analysis of the secondary outcomes found no significant differences in pain reduction (MD -0.76 points; 95% CI -1.53 to 0.01) and wound infection risk (risk ratio 1.10; 95% CI 0.34 to 3.59) between aloe vera and control groups. In conclusion, aloe vera expedites wound healing in second-degree burn patients without increased infection risk compared to other antimicrobial agents. The analgesic effects on burn injuries remain uncertain.

Synthesis and Application of Specific N2H4 Fluorescent Probes with AIE Effect Based on Pyrazole Structure.

Two fluorescent probes, Y1-2 were synthesized from 2-acetonaphthone, 4-acetylbiphenyl, and phenyl hydrazine by Vilsmeier-Haack reaction and Knoevenagel condensation. Their recognition efficacies for N2H4 were tested by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The recognition mechanism were studies by density-functional theory calculations, and the effect of pH on N2H4 recognition was also studied. The results showed that the probe Y1-2 has high selectivity and a low detection limit for N2H4, and the recognition of N2H4 can be accomplished at physiological pH. The probes have had obvious aggregation-induced luminescence effect, large Stokes shift, high sensitivity, and can be successfully applied to live cell imaging.