Social network analysis of a decade-long collaborative innovation network between hospitals and the biomedical industry in China.

Collaborative innovation between hospitals and biomedical enterprises is crucial for ensuring breakthroughs in their development. This study explores the structural characteristics and examines the main roles of associated key actors of collaborative innovation between hospitals and biomedical enterprises in China. Using the jointly owned patent data within the country's healthcare industry, a decade-long collaborative innovation network between hospitals and biomedical enterprises in China was established and analyzed through social network analysis. The results revealed that the overall levels of collaborative innovation network density, collaborative frequency, and network connectivity were significantly low, especially in less-developed regions. In terms of actors with higher degree centrality, hospitals accounted for the majority, whereas a biomedical enterprise in Shenzhen had the highest degree centrality. Organizations in underdeveloped and northwest regions and small players were more likely to implement collaborative innovation. In conclusion, a collaborative innovation network between hospitals and biomedical enterprises in China demonstrated high dispersion and poor development levels. Stimulating organizations' initiatives for collaborative innovation may enhance quality and quantity of such innovation. Policy support and economic investments, strategic collaborative help, and resource and partnership optimization, especially for small players and in less-developed and northwest regions, should be encouraged to enhance collaborative innovation between hospitals and the biomedical industry in China and other similar countries or regions.

Analysis on metabolic functions of rhizosphere microbial communities of Pinus massoniana provenances with different carbon storage by Biolog Eco microplates.

Introduction: Rhizosphere microorganisms are influenced by vegetation. Meanwhile, they respond to vegetation through their own changes, developing an interactive feedback system between microorganisms and vegetation. However, it is still unclear whether the functional diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms varies with different carbon storage levels and what factors affect the functional diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Methods: In this study, the Biolog-Eco microplate technique was used to analyze the metabolic diversity of carbon source of rhizosphere soil microorganisms from 6 Pinus massoniana provenances with three levels of high, medium and low carbon storage. Results: The results showed that the average well color development(AWCD) value of rhizosphere microorganisms was significantly positive correlated with carbon storage level of Pinus massoniana (p < 0.05). The AWCD value, Simpson and Shannon diversity of high carbon sequestrance provenances were 1.40 (144h incubation) 0.96 and 3.24, respectively, which were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of other P. massoniana provenances. The rhizosphere microbial AWCD, Shannon and Simpson diversity of the 6 provenances showed the same variation trend (SM>AY>QJ>SX>HF>SW). Similarly, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content was positively correlated with carbon storage level, and there were significant differences among high, medium and low carbon storage provenances. The PCA results showed that the differences in the carbon source metabolism of rhizosphere microorganisms were mainly reflected in the utilization of amino acids, carboxylic acids and carbohydrates. Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and pH were significantly correlated with rhizosphere AWCD (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Soil properties are important factors affecting rhizosphere microbial carbon source metabolism. The study confirmed that the microorganisms of high carbon storage provenances had relatively high carbon metabolic activity. Among them, the carbon metabolic activity of rhizosphere microorganisms of SM provenance was the highest, which was the preferred provenances in effective ecological service function.

Effects of irrigation scheduling on the yield and irrigation water productivity of cucumber in coconut coir culture.

Optimum irrigation scheduling is important for ensuring high yield and water productivity in substrate-cultivated vegetables and is determined based on information such as substrate water content, meteorological parameters, and crop growth. The aim of this study was to determine a precise irrigation schedule for coconut coir culture in a solar greenhouse by comparing the irrigation, evapotranspiration (ET), substrate water content (VWC), as well as the crop growth indices and yield of cucumber, and irrigation water productivity (IWP) under three irrigation schedules: the soil moisture sensor-based method (T-VWC), the accumulated radiation combined with soil moisture sensor-based method (Rn-VWC), and the crop evapotranspiration estimated method using the hourly PM-ETo equation with an improved calculation of Kc (T-ETc). The results showed that the daily irrigation and evapotranspiration amount were the highest under T-VWC treatment, while the lowest under T-ETc treatment. In different meteorological environments, the change in irrigation amount was more consistent with the ET,and the VWC was relatively stable in T-ETc treatment compared with that under T-VWC or Rn-VWC treatments. The plant height, leaves number, leaf area, and stem diameter of T-VWC and Rn-VWC treatments were higher than those of the T-ETc treatments, but there was no significant difference in cucumber yield. Compared with the T-VWC treatment, total irrigation amount under Rn-VWC and T-ETc treatments significantly decreased by 25.75% and 34.04%, respectively ([Formula: see text]). The highest IWP values of 25.07 kg m[Formula: see text] was achieved from T-ETc treatment with significantly increasing by 44.33% compared to the T-VWC treatment (17.37 kg m[Formula: see text]). In summary, the T-ETc treatment allowed more reasonable irrigation management and was appropriate for growing cucumber in coconut coir culture.

Benefits of 12-month peer support for diabetes self management sustained at 18 months.

AIMS: To evaluate sustainability of peer support (PS) benefits in diabetes management. METHODS: Supporting a Peer Leader program through Community Health Centers (CHCs) included trainings and consultations from baseline to 12 months. Evaluation at baseline, 12-month, and 18-month follow-up included primary outcome, HbA1c, and other outcomes of SBP, DBP, LDLc, PHQ-8, diabetes distress, and EQ-5D. RESULTS: 1284 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from 9 CHCs. Mean (SD) for age = 68.00 (7.55) years, 43.07 % male, mean (SD) for diabetes duration = 11.79 (7.34) years. Across 18-months, linear mixed model analyses controlling for confounders found the least square mean (SE) of HbA1c improved significantly from 7.62 % (0.06 %) to 7.53 % (0.06 %) for all, and from 9.25 % (0.09 %) to 8.52 % (0.11 %) among those ≥8 % at baseline. Parallel improvements were found among all for SBP, DBP, PHQ-8, diabetes distress, and, among those elevated at baseline for all outcomes. EQ-5D showed significant but modest increase from baseline to 18 months. No significant reversals between 12 and 18 months were found except for LDLc. Supporting robustness of findings, patterns were similar across age, diabetes duration, and gender. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the fundamentally progressive nature of diabetes, it is striking that improvements associated with PS were generally sustained after program support ended.

Cognition of nursing translational medical research among nursing practitioners in China.

BACKGROUND: Nursing translational research (TR) begins with clinical discovery and medical research and leads to clinical application in patients. TR is key to improving nursing quality and developing the nursing profession. However, its development in China remains limited, and the reasons for this are unclear. We aim to enhance the recognition of nursing TR among nursing practitioners in China by exploring their cognition about nursing TR and associated influences. METHODS: We distributed an internet-based questionnaire to 683 nursing practitioners between February 13 and March 15, 2023. We analyzed the characteristics and cognition of nursing TR using descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and stepwise logistic regression analysis. The majority (79.65%) of nursing practitioners who responded to the questionnaire were willing to participate in nursing TR. FINDINGS: Nursing practitioners with a higher educational level, stronger recognition of the importance of nursing TR, and stronger recognition of transdisciplinary nursing TR were more willing to participate in nursing TR. DISCUSSION: The results of this study can accelerate nursing practitioners' willingness to participate in nursing TR. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: We identified strategies to promote TR: provide further education, optimize courses in higher education, disseminate information, provide guidance on the importance of nursing TR, and establish a nursing TR platform with appropriate potential collaborators.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the YTH Domain-Containing RNA-Binding Protein Family in Liriodendron chinense.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is becoming one of the most important RNA modifications in plant growth and development, including defense, cell differentiation, and secondary metabolism. YT521-B homology (YTH) domain-containing RNA-binding proteins, identified as m6A readers in epitranscriptomics, could affect the fate of m6A-containing RNA by recognizing and binding the m6A site. Therefore, the identification and study of the YTH gene family in Liriodendron chinense (L. chinense) can provide a molecular basis for the study of the role of m6A in L. chinense, but studies on the YTH gene in L. chinense have not been reported. We identified nine putative YTH gene models in the L. chinense genome, which can be divided into DF subgroups and DC subgroups. Domain sequence analysis showed that the LcYTH protein had high sequence conservation. A LcYTH aromatic cage bag is composed of tryptophan and tryptophan (WWW). PrLDs were found in the protein results of YTH, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the process of liquid-liquid phase separation. LcYTH genes have different tissue expression patterns, but the expression of LcYTHDF2 is absolutely dominant in all tissues. In addition, the expression of the LcYTH genes is changed in response to ABA and MeJA. In this study, We identified and analyzed the expression pattern of LcYTH genes. Our results laid a foundation for further study of the function of the LcYTH gene and further genetic and functional analyses of m6A RNA modification in forest trees.

Case-Control Trials on Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The single risk factors of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been extensively studied. We aimed to synthesize results from such studies to identify and estimate multiple independent risk factors of PC. Methods: Articles published up to Feb 28, 2020 in English or Chinese reporting risk factors of PC were reviewed. The fixed-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the pooled Odds Ratio (OR). Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Results: PC was significantly associated with smoking (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.61-1.92, P < 0.00001, I2 = 6%), diabetes (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 2.52-2.88, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), family history of PC (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.13-3.11, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), and chronic pancreatitis (OR: 5.84, 95% CI: 3.63-9.41, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes, family history of PC, and chronic pancreatitis were independent risk factors for PC. These independent risk factors have an important role in identifying high-risk groups, which is of great significance to reduce the incidence of PC and improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.

Parental Anxiety, Practices, and Parent-Child Relationships among Families with Young Children in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study explored the ambiguous characteristics and influencing factors of parental anxiety, practices, and parent-child relationships among families with young children during a sudden COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai, China. An online survey was conducted from 1 June to 10 November 2022, with 477 valid responses. Parental anxiety, practices, and parent-child relationships were evaluated. During this lockdown, 72.6% caregivers felt anxious about parenting to different degrees, with only a small proportion experiencing extreme anxiety. Parental anxiety was mainly influenced by whether the caregivers faced parenting issues and external parenting difficulties. The frequency of two-parent-child activities of reading books or looking at picture books with their children and telling stories to them significantly increased. Caregivers' occupations of either professional or technical personnel and working from home were the most significant influencing factors. Mother-child relationships were relatively good. In conclusion, parental anxiety, practices, and parent-child relationships were relatively good and stable among families with young children during this lockdown. In the context of public health emergencies like COVID-19, more parenting support and knowledge should be provided to caregivers from professionals in CHCs or hospitals to decrease parental anxiety and improve parent-child relationships. Full advantage should be taken of working from home to promote parent-child activities.

Heterogeneous effects of retirement on the biomedical risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: New evidence based on the physical examination database in Shanghai, China.

Retirement has a heterogeneous impact depending on gender and occupation. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the heterogeneity and potential mechanism of retirement on the biomedical risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Physical examination data from 2017 to 2020 were extracted from a hospital database in Shanghai. The fluctuation tendency of biomedical risk factor indicators for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases was evaluated by gender and occupation shortly after retirement using fuzzy regression discontinuity design and was analyzed for internal mechanism. Retirement had a significantly negative influence on body weight (ß = -3.943), body mass index (ß = -2.152), and diastolic blood pressure (ß = -5.180) in women working in public institutions or state-owned enterprises, but a positive influence on their blood glucose level (ß = 0.696). Retirement had a significantly positive effect on high-density lipoprotein in men (ß = 0.138), particularly those employed in private enterprises (ß = 0.339). The internal influencing mechanism of retirement showed that the health attention effect after retirement among women in government or public institutions on diastolic blood pressure reduction was better than that before retirement. The body weight, body mass index, and diastolic blood pressure of women in public institutions or state-owned enterprises were reduced at retirement; however, they were exposed to higher risks of elevated blood glucose level. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein level, which is protective against cardiovascular disease, was increased in men at retirement. Retirement has a heterogeneous effect on cardiovascular and metabolic health among people of different genders or occupational experiences. Retirees with low health awareness should be targeted for behavioral interventions and monitored conscientiously by health providers during retirement adaptation.

Hospital crowdedness evaluation and in-hospital resource allocation based on image recognition technology.

How to allocate the existing medical resources reasonably, alleviate hospital congestion and improve the patient experience are problems faced by all hospitals. At present, the combination of artificial intelligence and the medical field is mainly in the field of disease diagnosis, but lacks successful application in medical management. We distinguish each area of the emergency department by the division of medical links. In the spatial dimension, in this study, the waitlist number in real-time is got by processing videos using image recognition via a convolutional neural network. The congestion rate based on psychology and architecture is defined for measuring crowdedness. In the time dimension, diagnosis time and time-consuming after diagnosis are calculated from visit records. Factors related to congestion are analyzed. A total of 4717 visit records from the emergency department and 1130 videos from five areas are collected in the study. Of these, the waiting list of the pediatric waiting area is the largest, including 10,436 (person-time) people, and its average congestion rate is 2.75, which is the highest in all areas. The utilization rate of pharmacy is low, with an average of only 3.8 people using it at the one time. Its average congestion rate is only 0.16, and there is obvious space waste. It has been found that the length of diagnosis time and the length of time after diagnosis are related to age, the number of diagnoses and disease type. The most common disease type comes from respiratory problems, accounting for 54.3%. This emergency department has congestion and waste of medical resources. People can use artificial intelligence to investigate the congestion in hospitals effectively. Using artificial intelligence methods and traditional statistics methods can lead to better research on healthcare resource allocation issues in hospitals.

Dynamic physical examination indicators of cardiovascular health: A single-center study in Shanghai, China.

Dynamic physical examination data can provide both cross-sectional and time-series characteristics of cardiovascular health. However, most physical examination databases containing health and disease information have not been fully utilized in China. Hence, this study aimed to analyze dynamic physical examination indicators for cardiovascular health to provide evidence for precise prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in the primary prevention domain among healthy population with different demographic characteristics in Shanghai. Three-year continuous data were collected from the physical examination center of a hospital in Shanghai from 2018 to 2020, which included a total of 14,044 participants with an average age of 46.51±15.57 years. The cardiovascular status of overall healthy individuals may have a decreasing trend, which is manifested as a significant year-on-year decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; a significant year-on-year increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose levels; and a possible increasing trend of diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and triglycerides. Healthy population with different sex and age groups have various sensitives to cardiovascular physical examination indicators. To conduct more accurate cardiovascular health management and health promotion for key populations in primary prevention, focusing on the dynamic trends of blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, and body mass index in men and changes in total cholesterol in women over time is especially important. The age group of 50-69 years is key for better prevention and control of cardiovascular health.

Relationship Between Old-Aged Preferences Regarding Various Types of Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Status: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China.

Background: A lack of physical activity (PA) is a threat to public health. However, for the elderly, most PA abilities are limited. By focusing on the types and intensity of PA that the elderly can bear, this study aimed to reveal whether preferences regarding types of PA (including housework, transportation, and recreational activities) and their intensity were associated with health status. The main forms of PA include shopping, cooking, cleaning, walking, cycling, various fitness activities and other activities with a certain intensity. Methods: Surveillance data on chronic diseases and their risk factors were collected from one district of Shanghai in 2017-2018. A Kish table was used for sampling 500 older adults, including the diagnosed group (chronic diseases diagnosed by physicians, n = 119), the abnormal group (not diagnosed but abnormal indicators detected in this investigation, n = 287) and the healthy group (n = 94). Multiple regressions were used to test the relationship between the various types, durations and intensities of PA the elderly individuals participated in and their health status. Results: All three groups included a large proportion of older adults who participated in housework- and transport-related PA. The diagnosed group had the largest proportion (63.06% for housework-related PA; 87.39% for transport-related PA) and median minutes (17.14 min of housework-related PA per day; 30.00 min of transport-related PA per day). The diagnosed group had more metabolic equivalents (METs) of moderate-intensity PA than the two other groups (H = 33.01, P < 0.01), and more people met the WHO recommendation (χ2 = 34.71, P < 0.01). Diagnosis was associated with performing housework- and transport-related PA and moderate-intensity PA and with meeting the WHO's recommendation. Higher education levels were a positive factor for elderly individuals to participate in PA. Conclusions: Transportation and housework activities are good targets for increasing PA in older adults. Diagnosis is associated with older adults' more PA.

Epidemiological evidence relating risk factors to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the most common chronic respiratory disease worldwide, not only leads to the decline of pulmonary function and quality of life consecutively, but also has become a major economic burden on individuals, families, and society in China. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the risk factors for developing COPD in the Chinese population that resides in China and to provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention of COPD. METHODS: A total of 2457 cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies published related to risk factors for COPD in China were searched. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were selected. Stata 11.0 was used for meta-analysis. After merging the data, the pooled effect and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between risk factors and COPD. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and Cochran's Q tests. Begg's test was used to assess publication bias. RESULTS: Exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) (pooled effect = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.16~2.58; P <0.01), smoking history (pooled effect = 2.58; 95%CI: 2.00~3.32; P <0.01), passive smoking history (pooled effect = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.03~1.87; P = 0.03), male sex(pooled effect = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.31~2.22; P <0.01), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (pooled effect = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.32~2.25; P <0.01), exposure to biomass burning emissions (pooled effect = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.32~2.06; P <0.01), childhood respiratory infections (pooled effect = 3.44; 95%CI: 1.33~8.90; P = 0.01), residence (pooled effect = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09~1.42; P <0.01), and a family history of respiratory diseases (pooled effect = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.53~2.71; P <0.01) were risk factors for COPD in the Chinese population. CONCLUSION: Early prevention of COPD could be accomplished by quitting smoking, reducing exposure to air pollutants and biomass burning emissions, maintaining body mass index between 18.5 kg/m2 and 28 kg/m2, protecting children from respiratory infections, adopting active treatments to children with respiratory diseases, and conducting regular screening for those with family history of respiratory diseases.

Epidemiologic Characteristics of and Prognostic Factors for COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients: Updated Implications From Hubei Province, China.

Introduction: The roles of some indicators in the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) remain unclear and controversial. This study aimed to explore the epidemiologic characteristics of and prognostic factors for COVID-19 to provide updated recommendations for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: For this retrospective study, demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical data were extracted from the medical records of patients admitted to the Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province (Optical Valley) with COVID-19 between February 19, 2020, and March 19, 2020. The primary outcome was the prognosis that was determined at discharge as mentioned in the medical records. Descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, and stepwise logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Of the 1,765 patients included, 93.1% were cured and the mortality was 1.8%. Univariate analyses identified 63 factors significantly associated with COVID-19 prognosis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a poorer prognosis was associated with undergoing resuscitation, complex disease manifestations, consultation with outside specialists, elevated basophil or lymphocyte counts, an albumin (ALB)/globulin (A/G) ratio > 2.4, and elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or creatinine. Patients had a better prognosis if the following conditions were met: dry cough reported as an initial symptom, fatigue as a clinical manifestation, and a diagnosis based on laboratory testing. Conclusion: To prevent clinical deterioration, clinicians should provide special care to patients who underwent resuscitation, with a critical disease, or requiring consultation with outside specialists. Extra attention should be paid to patients with high basophil or lymphocyte counts, a high A/G ratio, and elevated AST or creatinine levels.

Application of a feature extraction and normalization method to improve research evaluation across clinical disciplines.

BACKGROUND: To deal with the large disparity across disciplines using impact factor, which is widely used in hospitals and has recently come under attack for distorting good scientific practices, we propose a set of systematic methods to improve the equality of research evaluations of various clinical disciplines. METHODS: We used bibliometric information on 18 clinical disciplines from 2016 to 2018. We first sought to clarify disciplinary characteristics with the aim of identifying the characteristic fields for each clinical discipline, and we constructed a keyword database. To minimize the disparity across various clinical disciplines, we used normalized evaluation, referring to the calculation of the normalized coefficient of a specific discipline, to enable a relatively clear evaluation across different disciplines. RESULTS: Feature extraction was performed, and over 700,000 journals were retrieved each year. Using this information, the journal correlation coefficient was calculated. From 2016 to 2018, oncology had the largest normalized coefficient (0.133, 0.136, 0.146 respectively), which reflects the highest correlation between the characteristic journals of the discipline. The findings showed a clear distinction in journal coverage and journal correlations for different disciplines. CONCLUSIONS: The new evaluation indicator and normalized process measure different features of disciplines, providing a basis for the further balancing of evaluations, and considering differences across disciplines.

Influencing mechanisms of lifestyle and dietary factors on chronic diseases among community residents: updated evidence in Shanghai, China.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for chronic diseases and to identify the potential influencing mechanisms from the perspectives of lifestyle and dietary factors. The findings could provide updated and innovative evidence for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS: 1005 adults from Yangpu district of Shanghai participated in the study, and responded to questions on dietary habits, lifestyle and health status. RESULTS: Residents suffering from chronic diseases accounted for about 34·99 % of the respondents. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, diet quality, amount of exercise and tea drinking were related to chronic diseases. Age > 60 and overeating (Diet Balance Index total score > 0) had negative additive interaction on the occurrence of chronic disease, while overexercise (Physical Activity Index > 17·1) and tea drinking had negative multiplicative interaction and negative additive interaction on the occurrence of chronic disease. Diet quality, physical activity and tea drinking were incomplete mediators of the relationship between types of medical insurance residents participating in and chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai have a high prevalence of chronic diseases. Strengthening access of residents to health education and interventions to prevent chronic diseases and cultivating healthy eating and exercise habits of residents are crucial. The nutritional environment of the elderly population should be considered, and the reimbursement level of different types of medical insurance should be designed reasonably to improve the accessibility of medical and health services and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Collaborative relationships in translational medical research among Chinese clinicians: an internet-based cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the collaborative relationship in translational medical research from the perspective of clinicians in China. The findings are expected to help practitioners optimize and experience the greatest advantages of collaboration. METHODS: We conducted a national internet-based survey from July 29 to October 12, 2020. Of the 806 responses, 804 were completed with valid responses (valid response rate = 99.8%). The collected data were presented as descriptive statistics and analyzed using nonparametric tests (including the Wilcoxon rank test and Kruskal-Wallis H test) and stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 804 participants, 733 were either willing or very willing to collaborate in translational medical research. Clinicians' willingness was influenced by their current research type, role in current translational medical research, burdens of their present research, preferred partners for collaboration at the institutional or individual level, and preferences for independent or dependent relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should evaluate their time, role, burdens, personal preferences for research relationships, and appropriate partners based on their current translational medical research and its goals, before deciding to collaborate.

Community Pharmacist Services for Hypertensive Patients: A Novel Practice in Shanghai, China.

For Chinese community pharmacists, there is a lack of guidance before and after the drug treatment process for community residents. This study aimed to investigate community pharmacists' role in hypertension management. One hundred ninety-six hypertensive patients were randomly selected from the studied community. For patients in the intervention group, monthly meetings were scheduled with a community pharmacist. Patients in the non-intervention group received standard care from their physicians. In the intervention group, the percentage using information from pharmacists increased significantly, from 54.3% to 94.2% (P < .05). Awareness of self-management was also enhanced, with community self-management group attendance increasing from 53.4% to 77.7% (P < .05), but the non-intervention group did not change significantly. Hypertensive patients' beliefs about community pharmacists also improved significantly. Hypertension status also showed a significant improvement, whereas for participants without intervention, it worsened over time. In addition to increasing knowledge regarding drug use, care provided by community pharmacists can also significantly improve blood pressure status. For those who did not receive intervention, a disproportionate level of health deterioration could be seen.

Options for Care of Elderly Inpatients With Chronic Diseases: Analysis of Distribution and Factors Influencing Use of Care in Shanghai, China.

Background: China's ability to provide sufficient healthcare for an elderly population with chronic diseases has become a challenge because of poor utilization of different levels of medical institutions. We aimed to explore the characteristics and factors influencing patient choices and the resulting utilization of different levels of public medical institutions among elderly inpatients with chronic diseases. Methods: Data were collected from the Information Center of the Health and Family Planning Commission of Pudong New Area in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016. A cross-sectional study using multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to find the factors influencing use of care. Records of patients were identified from electronic health records from public medical institutions. Results: There were 95,445 elderly inpatients with chronic diseases in public medical institutions, 17.78% in community health centers, 68.44% in secondary hospitals, and 13.78% in tertiary hospitals. Compared with those over 80 years old, the 60-69 age group showed a preference for secondary hospitals (OR = 2.980, P < 0.001) and tertiary hospitals (OR = 4.497, P < 0.001), a trend also observed in the 70-79 age group (OR = 1.353, P < 0.001; OR = 1.673, P < 0.001). Compared with those using urban employee basic medical insurance, inpatients using urban resident basic medical insurance were less likely to visit secondary hospitals than community health centers (OR = 0.237, P < 0.001) or tertiary hospitals (OR = 0.293, P < 0.001). Compared with those inpatients who were married, inpatients who were widowed were less likely to go to secondary hospitals (OR = 0.391, P < 0.001) or tertiary hospitals (OR = 0.045, P < 0.001) than community health centers. Conclusions: The utilization of different levels of medical institutions by elderly people is not well-suited to the respective functions of these medical institutions. Most care services should be provided by community health centers, but our findings indicate that elderly people are more inclined to seek inpatient care at secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals with some variation based on the patients' sex, age, medical insurance, expenses, and expected length of stay.

Perceptions Among Medical Staff in Community Health Centres of Coping Capacity Regarding Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing risk of infectious disease outbreaks around the world, the role of community health centres (CHCs) in the prevention and control of epidemics has become increasingly prominent. This study aimed to examine the capacities, vulnerabilities, and obstacles related to coping with infectious disease epidemics in Chinese CHCs. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai CHCs. Stratified random sampling was used to select 48 CHCs, and 2460 medical staff members responded to questionnaire surveys. ANOVA and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the current situation and main obstacles regarding CHC medical staff members' perceptions of their capacity to cope with infectious disease epidemics. RESULTS: The scores for regulation awareness (mean= 3.64, SD= 0.02) and detection/reporting ability (mean= 3.66, SD= 0.02) were lower than the score for the ability to handle an epidemic (mean= 3.79, SD= 0.02). After controlling for covariates, working in a traditional Chinese medicine (ß= -0.63, P= 0.002) or medical technology department (ß= -0.60, P= 0.002), not having participated in emergency exercises (ß= -0.78, P< 0.001), and not having participated in emergency training (ß= -0.59, P= 0.01) were associated with lower scores on all three domains. Those with senior professional titles reported relatively high levels of ability to handle an epidemic (ß= 0.21, P= 0.01). Female workers reported relatively low regulation awareness (ß= -0.11, P= 0.02) and detection/reporting ability (ß= -0.11, P= 0.01). CONCLUSION: The three emergency response abilities of CHC medical workers differed based on the medical worker's sex, department, and title, indicating the need for targeted scientific emergency exercises and training for infectious disease outbreaks. Moreover, there is a need to improve the relevant policies and equipment.