ABSTRACT
Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. A liver tumor is defined as a large cancer when its diameter is ≥5 cm. Resection surgical therapy can be performed only on a small portion of large cancers because of its own features. As a result, non-resection surgical therapy has become a hot and difficult issue of widespread concern. In recent years, with the development of ablation technology, research on the use of ablation alone and ablation combined with other modalities for the treatment of large liver cancer has continued to deepen, and good clinical results have been achieved. Although there are many reports on ablation treatment for large liver cancer, there are currently no standardized treatment guidelines, and there are still controversies about treatment strategies. This article reviews the development of ablation therapy, the current status of single and combined ablation therapy, the prevention of related complications, and other aspects of large liver cancer.
Subject(s)
Catheter Ablation , Liver Neoplasms , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Catheter Ablation/methods , Radiofrequency Ablation/methods , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery , Ablation Techniques/methodsABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: 2054 cases with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0~B at the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2006 to September 2020 were retrospectively collected. All patients were followed up for at least 2 years. The primary endpoint of overall survival and secondary endpoints (tumor-related survival, disease-free survival, and postoperative complications) of patients treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used for stratified survival rate analysis. Fine-and-Gray competing risk model was used to analyze overall survival. Results: A total of 5 503 HCC nodules [mean tumor diameter (2.6±1.6) cm] underwent 3 908 MWAs between January 2006 and September 2020, with a median follow-up time of 45.6 (24.0 -79.2) months.The technical effectiveness rate of 5 375 tumor nodules was 97.5%. The overall survival rates at 5, 10, and 15-years were 61.6%, 38.8%, and 27.0%, respectively. The tumor-specific survival rates were 67.1%, 47.2%, and 37.7%, respectively. The free tumor survival rates were 25.8%, 15.7%, and 9.9%, respectively. The incidence rate of severe complications was 2.8% (108/3 908). Further analysis showed that the technical effectiveness and survival rate over the passing three time periods from January 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-September 2020 were significantly increased, with Pâ <â 0.001, especially for liver cancer 3.1~5.0 cm (Pâ <â 0.001). Conclusion: Microwave ablation therapy is a safe and effective method for BCLC stage 0-B, with significantly enhanced technical efficacy and survival rate over time.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Liver Neoplasms , Microwaves , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery , Microwaves/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome , Disease-Free Survival , Catheter Ablation/methods , Female , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the efficacy of allo-HSCT with total body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of adult ALL and to explore the factors affecting prognosis. Methods: The clinical data of 95 adult patients with ALL who underwent allo-HSCT from January 2015 to August 2022 were included. According to the conditioning regimen, the patients were divided into two groups: the TBI plus cyclophosphamide (TBI/Cy) group (n=53) and the busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) group (n=42). Hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation, GVHD, transplantation-related complications, relapse rate (RR), non-relapse mortality (NRM), OS, and LFS were compared, and the factors related to prognosis were analyzed. Results: The median time of neutrophil engraftment was 14 (10-25) days in the TBI/Cy group and 14 (10-24) days in the Bu/Cy group (P=0.106). The median time of megakaryocyte engraftment was 17 (10-42) days in the TBI/Cy group and 19 (11-42) days in the Bu/Cy group (P=0.488). The incidence of grade â ¡-â £ acute GVHD (aGVHD) in the TBI/Cy and Bu/Cy groups was 41.5% and 35.7%, respectively (P=0.565). The incidence of grade â ¢-â £ aGVHD in these two groups was 24.5% and 4.8%, respectively (P=0.009). The incidence of severe chronic GVHD in the two groups was 16.7% and 13.5%, respectively (P=0.689). The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, severe infection, and hemorrhagic cystitis in the two groups was 41.5% and 35.7% (P=0.565), 34.0% and 35.7% (P=0.859), 43.4% and 33.3% (P=0.318), and 20.8% and 50.0% (P=0.003), respectively. The median follow-up time was 37.1 months and 53.3 months in the TBI/Cy and Bu/Cy groups, respectively. The 2-year cumulative RR was 17.0% in the TBI/Cy group and 42.9% in the Bu/Cy group (P=0.017). The 2-year cumulative NRM was 24.5% and 7.1%, respectively (P=0.120). The 2-year LFS was 58.5% and 50.0%, respectively (P=0.466). The 2-year OS rate was 69.8% and 64.3%, respectively (P=0.697). In the multivariate analysis, the conditioning regimen containing TBI was a protective factor for relapse after transplantation (HR=0.304, 95% CI 0.135-0.688, P=0.004), whereas the effect on NRM was not significant (HR=1.393, 95% CI 0.355-5.462, P=0.634). Infection was an independent risk factor for OS after allo-HSCT in adult patients with ALL. Conclusion: allo-HSCT based on TBI conditioning regimen had lower relapse rate and lower incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis for adult ALL, compared with chemotherapy regimen. While the incidence o grade â ¢/â £ aGVHD was hgher in TBI conditioning regimen than that in chemotherapy regimen.
Subject(s)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Transplantation Conditioning , Transplantation, Homologous , Whole-Body Irradiation , Humans , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Transplantation Conditioning/methods , Prognosis , Adult , Survival Rate , Graft vs Host Disease/etiology , Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Male , Female , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the spatial distribution pattern of local tumor progression (LTP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤5 cm after microwave ablation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 169 HCCs with matched MRI before and after ablation from December 2009 to December 2019. A tumor MRI was reconstructed using three-dimensional visualization technology. LTP was classified as contact or non-contact, early or late stage, according to whether LTP was in contact with the edge of the ablation zone and the occurrence time (24 months). The tumor-surrounded area was divided into eight quadrants by using the eight-quadrant map method. An analysis was conducted on the spatial correlation between the quadrant where the ablative margin (AM) safety boundary was located and the quadrant where different types of LTP occurred. The t-test, or rank-sum test, was used for the measurement data. 2-test for count data was used to compare the difference between the two groups. Results: The AM quadrant had a distribution of 54.4% LTP, 64.2% early LTP stage, and 69.1% contact LTP, suggesting this quadrant was much more concentrated than the other quadrants (Pâ <â 0.001). Additionally, the AM quadrant had only 15.2% of non-contact type LTP and 17.1% of late LTP, which was not significantly different from the average distribution probability of 12.5% (100/8%) among the eight quadrants (P = 0.667, 0.743). 46.6% of early contact type LTP was located at the ablation needle tip, 25.2% at the body, and 28.1% at the caudal, while the location distribution probabilities of non-early contact LTP were 34.8%, 31.8%, and 33.3%, respectively. Conclusion: LTP mostly occurs in areas where the ablation safety boundary is the shortest. However, non-contact LTP and late LTP stages exhibit the feature of uniform distribution. Thus, this type of LPT may result from an inadequate non-ablation safety boundary.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Catheter Ablation , Liver Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Retrospective Studies , Microwaves/therapeutic use , Catheter Ablation/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of pediatric patients with dual genetic diagnoses (DGD). Methods: Clinical and genetic data of pediatric patients with DGD from January 2021 to February 2022 in Peking University First Hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among the 9 children, 6 were boys and 3 were girls. The age of last visit or follow-up was 5.0 (2.7,6.8) years. The main clinical manifestations included motor retardation, mental retardation, multiple malformations, and skeletal deformity. Cases 1-4 were all all boys, showed myopathic gait, poor running and jumping, and significantly increased level of serum creatine kinase. Disease-causing variations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene were confirmed by genetic testing. The 4 children were diagnosed with DMD or Becker muscular dystrophy combined with a second genetic disease, including hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, spinal muscular atrophy, fragile X syndrome, and cerebral cavernous malformations type 3, respectively. Cases 5-9 were clinically and genetically diagnosed as COL9A1 gene-related multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 6 combined with NF1 gene-related neurofibromatosis type 1, COL6A3 gene-related Bethlem myopathy with WNT1 gene-related osteogenesis imperfecta type XV, Turner syndrome (45, X0/46, XX chimera) with TH gene-related Segawa syndrome, Chromosome 22q11.2 microduplication syndrome with DYNC1H1 gene-related autosomal dominant lower extremity-predominant spinal muscular atrophy-1, and ANKRD11 gene-related KBG syndrome combined with IRF2BPL gene-related neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movement, language loss and epilepsy. DMD was the most common, and there were 6 autosomal dominant diseases caused by de novo heterozygous pathogenic variations. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with coexistence of double genetic diagnoses show complex phenotypes. When the clinical manifestations and progression are not fully consistent with the diagnosed rare genetic disease, a second rare genetic disease should be considered, and autosomal dominant diseases caused by de novo heterozygous pathogenic variation should be paid attention to. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing combining a variety of molecular genetic tests would be helpful for precise diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple , Bone Diseases, Developmental , Intellectual Disability , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne , Tooth Abnormalities , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Bone Diseases, Developmental/complications , Tooth Abnormalities/complications , Facies , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diagnosis , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/complications , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/complications , Carrier Proteins , Nuclear ProteinsABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the application value of new biological specimen oral fluid in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and antibody detection. Oral fluid and paired respiratory and blood specimens from 7 confirmed cases of two COVID-19 cluster epidemic were collected in Beijing from October to November 2021. SARS-CoV-2 virus and IgG antibody were detected by real time PCR kits and serum antibody detection reagents, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in oral fluids was detected by a new established method of magnetic particle chemiluminescence. The results showed that the nucleic acid amplification test of SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swabs, throat swabs and oral fluid specimens from 3 confirmed cases of COVID-19 was positive, among which the Ct value for ORF1a/b and N gene of oral fluid samples in 2 cases was close to that of throat swab, and the Ct value of oral fluid sample for 1 case was higher than that of throat swab. The complete genome sequence of one oral fluid specimen was obtained, which belonged to the VOC/Delta variant strain. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of the paired oral fluid and serum were all positive, and the S/CO values of oral fluid were all lower than those of serum. The series of oral fluid results showed that SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level increased from 11 to 32 days after the onset of the disease.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Nucleic Acids , COVID-19/diagnosis , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the level and trend of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody among healthy population in Beijing in 2017, after the five-year implementation of the two doses varicella vaccination strategy in 2012, and to provide evidence for scientific evaluation of immunization strategy. Methods: A total of 2 144 subjects in ten age groups from 8 districts of Beijing city were recruited in this study using cross-sectional survey based on multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Serum samples were collected and VZV antibody was detected by ELISA. The influencing factors of antibody concentration and positive rate were analyzed and compared with the study in 2012. The antibody concentration and antibody positive rate were analyzed by nonparametric test and χ² test respectively. Results: The ratio of subjects with registered residence in Beijing city to other provinces was 1â¶1. The ratio of male to female was 1â¶1.08. The median concentration of VZV antibody was 341.4 (78.6, 1 497.8) mIU/ml, and the total antibody positive rate was 71.1% (1 524/2 144). There were significant differences in antibody positive rate (χ²=736.39, P<0.01) and antibody concentration (χ²=740.34, P<0.01) among different age groups. The antibody positive rate generally increased with age (χ²trend=7.32, Ptrend<0.01). Among 862 children under 14 years old, the antibody positive rate of two doses vaccination 72.8% (182/250) was significantly higher than that of one dose vaccination 51.9% (154/297) (χ²=25.14, P<0.01). There was significant difference between 1-4 years old group (χ²=11.71, P<0.01) and 10-14 years old group (χ²=5.95, P=0.02), but not in 5-9 years old group (χ²=3.00, P=0.07). Compared with the study in 2012, the antibody positive rate increased in 5-9 years old group (χ²=14.35, P<0.01) and decreased in 1-4 years old group (χ²=11.51, P=0.01) in 2017. Conclusion: The recommended varicella booster vaccination has significantly improved the VZV antibody level of children in Beijing city. In the future, it is necessary to explore a more optimized two doses varicella vaccination schedule for children in combination with epidemiological evidence.
Subject(s)
Chickenpox , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Adolescent , Antibodies, Viral , Chickenpox/epidemiology , Chickenpox/prevention & control , Chickenpox Vaccine , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , VaccinationABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the related genes of low-dose ionizing radiation on basis of association analysis of transcriptome and proteome data, and provide new clues for the molecular mechanism of low-dose radiation (LDR) effect. Methods: In March 2018, healthy human peripheral blood was used as materials for transcriptome sequencing and proteome analysis after exposure to radiation at 150 mGy (treatment group) and no radiation (control group) , with three samples in each group. The total RNA and protein were extracted and then correlation analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic were performed to determine LDR effect-related genes, and after that, the biological process and molecular function were analyzed. Results: A total of 486 genes and 266 proteins were identified differentially expressed between treatment group and control group, respectively. Twelve genes and related proteins were found correlated (P<0.05) . The overall correlation between quantitative protein and gene was low (rs=0.0034) , the differential gene with the same change trend was positively correlated with protein expression (rs=0.6786) , and the differential gene with the opposite change trend was negatively correlated with protein expression (rs=-0.1000) . Seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed the same trend as proteins, among which FBXO7 and SNCA were up-regulated as well as ORM1, ORM2, HIST1H4J, HBZ and LYZ were down-regulated. Five DEGs showed the opposite trend as proteins, including SLC4A1, BCAM, C4B_2, KEL, TGM2 up-regulated in transcription level and down-regulated in protein expression level. These DEGs were involved in various biological processes such as immune system regulation, signal transduction, enzyme activity regulation, transmembrane transport, defense, transcription and DNA repair, which indicated their important roles in response to LDR in human peripheral blood. Conclusion: Twelve candidate genes related to LDR effect and their corresponding expressed proteins are screened by the correlation research of transcriptome and proteome data, which provides new clues for the further study of the mechanism of LDR effect.
Subject(s)
Proteome , Transcriptome , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Proteomics , Radiation, Ionizing , Research DesignABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on postoperative complications of immediate deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. Methods: Data was collected from 185 patients underwent immediate DIEP reconstruction during November 2006 to March 2020 Department of Breast surgery, Fudan University shanghai Cancer Center. All the patients were female, aging (43.0±7.8) years (range: 29 to 61 years). The series included with a total of 187 flaps (2 bilateral, 183 unilateral). Included patients were divided into 2 groups: immediate DIEP reconstruction requring or not requring post-mastectomy radiation therapy (71 cases (71 flaps) in PMRT group, 114 cases (116 flaps) in control group). The aesthetic outcome were measured by Kroll score system and compared between the groups by t test. The complications included partial flap loss, minor necrosis were analyzed between the groups by χ2 test, while the influence of the other correlation factors on complication occurrence was analyzed by Logistic analysis. Results: The controll groups showed higher aesthetic results (2.21±0.55 vs. 2.47±0.82, t=-2.593, P=0.010). Complication rate in PMRT group was higher than that in control group (19.7% (15/71) vs. 4.2% (4/116), χ²=15.079,P<0.01). The complication rate was not correlated with age, body mass index, perforator number, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions: Correlation was observed between adiuvant radiotherapy and post-operative complication of the DIEP flap. However, the complication occurrence and aesthetic results remain in the acceptable range. The other factors such as age, body mass index, perforator number, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy should not be considered as prognosis factor of post-operative complication of the DIEP flap.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of baicalein on apoptosis of HeLa human cervical cancer (CC) cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. HeLa cells were treated with 20, 50, 100, or 200 µmol/L baicalein for 24, 36, and 48 hours, and CCK-8 assays were used to detect cell viability, and flow cytometry was performed to assess apoptosis rate. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was used to measure ERK1/2, p38, and JNK mRNA levels in HeLa cells, and western blotting was performed to measure ERK1/2, p38, and JNK protein levels. The CCK-8 assay showed that the OD value of HeLa cells gradually decreased with increasing baicalein concentrations (P < 0.01) and treatment time (P < 0.01). These results indicated a negative time- and dose-dependent effect of baicalein on HeLa cells. Baicalein treatment of HeLa cells significantly increased apoptosis rate (P < 0.01). In HeLa cells treated with 50 or 200 µmol/L baicalein for 24 h, expression levels of ERK1/2 and p38 mRNA were significantly reduced, whereas that of JNK mRNA was increased (P < 0.01). The levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 were significantly reduced, and the level of JNK protein was increased (P < 0.01). Taken together, baicalein appeared to exert anti-cancer effects on HeLa cells through induction of apoptosis and regulation of the ERK/p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , Apoptosis , Down-Regulation , Female , Flavanones , HeLa Cells , Humans , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes in the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in national surveillance sites of Hunan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of the schistosomiasis elimination programme in the province. METHODS: According to the requirements of the National Guidelines for Schistosomiasis Surveillance in China (2014 version), a total of 41 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites were assigned in all disease-endemic counties (districts) across Hunan Province. During the period between 2015 and 2019, Schistosoma japonicum infections were monitored in local residents, mobile populations and livestock, and snail status was monitored. The morbidity due to schistosomiasis and snail status was compared between years. RESULTS: The sero-prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 2.57% and 1.56% in local residents and mobile populations in national surveillance sites of Hunan Province from 2015 to 2019, respectively, and the sero-prevalence appeared a tendency towards a decline over years. A higher sero-prevalence rate of S. japonicum infections was seen in men than in women (P < 0.01). During the 5-year study period, the sero-prevalence rate of human S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline in the marshland, embankment, inner embankment and hilly types of endemic areas over years. There were 44 and 19 egg -positives detected in local residents and 5 and 1 egg-positives in mobile populations in 2015 and 2016 respectively. A total of 9 346 domestic animals were monitored from 2015 to 2019, and 6 egg-positives were detected in 2015 and 2016 (all were bovine). A total of 0.155 billion m2 settings were surveyed from 2015 to 2019, and the mean density of living snails appeared a tendency towards a decline over years, with a 45.79% reduction in 2019 as compared to 2015. However, no S. japonicum infections were identified in snails during the 5-year period. A total of 1 469 mixed snail samples were detected using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and 6 positive snail samples were identified in 2015 (one sample) and 2017 (5 samples). CONCLUSIONS: The overall endemic situation of schistosomiasis appears a tendency towards a decline in Hunan Province, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infections is at a low level in humans and livestock; however, there is still a risk of schistosomiasis transmission. Improvements of health education, intensification of schistosomiasis examinations in mobile populations and reinforcement of the surveillance-response system is required to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control in Hunan Province.
Subject(s)
Livestock , Schistosomiasis , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases/statistics & numerical data , Feces/parasitology , Female , Humans , Livestock/parasitology , Male , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Snails/parasitologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the construction and operation of the schistosomiasis diagnostic network platform in Hunan Province, so as to provide insights into the improvements of the schistosomiasis diagnostic network laboratory system in the province. METHODS: According to the criteria and requirements for the construction of the county-level schistosomiasis diagnostic network laboratory in China, the establishment and operation of the laboratory were assessed using self-assessment and field review in national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Hunan Province. RESULTS: A total of 41 county-level schistosomiasis diagnostic network laboratories were built in national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Hunan Province, and 36 met the requirements for the construction of the national schistosomiasis diagnostic network laboratory in China, which were approved for inclusion in the province-level schistosomiasis diagnostic network laboratory. During the six inter-laboratory comparisons performed by the national schistosomiasis diagnostic reference center of China, full consistency was achieved by 3 county-level schistosomiasis diagnostic network laboratories in Hunan Province, and the coincidence rates for re-review of serological and pathogenic detection samples were 98.40% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The county-level schistosomiasis diagnostic network laboratory system has been preliminarily built and under effective operation in Hunan Province; however, the building capability remains to be improved.
Subject(s)
Capacity Building , Laboratories , Schistosomiasis , China , Diagnostic Services/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Laboratories/statistics & numerical data , Schistosomiasis/prevention & control , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: GRP78 and CHOP play essential roles in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of the vascular smooth muscle cells. We aim to investigate the effect of enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet on the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP and vascular remodeling in a homocysteine (HCY)-treated hypertensive rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hypertensive rat model was established with the technique of coarctation in the abdominal aorta, and the blood pressure of the rat was measured with the non-destructive tail-cuff method two weeks after operation. Thirty-six rats with hypertension were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 in each group). The control group received common diet and double distilled water, methionine group received 30 g/L methionine diet and double distilled water, while enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet group received 30 g/L methionine diet and 0.2 mg.kg-1.d-1 solution of enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet. Samples were collected at week 4 and week 8 for analysis. The plasma homocysteine was measured by homocysteine detector; MAP was detected through carotid artery incubation and aortic media thickness was determined by image analyses software. The expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the vascular smooth muscle cells were identified by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the concentration of HCY in the serum of rats in methionine group was increased significantly after 4 weeks (p < 0.01), and even more significant after 8 weeks (p < 0.01). Compared with that of methionine group, the level of HCY in enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet group rats was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The level of MAP in methionine group was increased significantly after 8 weeks compared with that of control group (p < 0.05). However, the MAP in enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet group was decreased significantly compared with that of methionine group. Compared with control group, the media thickness of vascular smooth muscle of rats in the methionine group was increased significantly (p < 0.05) while was statistically reduced in the enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet group (p < 0.05). The expressions of GRP78 and CHOP in methionine group were significantly elevated compared to that of control in a time dependent manner (p < 0.05), which were remarkably down regulated in enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet group compared with that in methionine group. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet can maintain the normal state of cells via the alleviation of ERS and vascular damages, reduction of HCY and the thickness of arterial media as well as the improvement of vascular remodeling.
Subject(s)
Enalapril/administration & dosage , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis , Homocysteine/blood , Hypertension/blood , Transcription Factor CHOP/biosynthesis , Animals , Gene Expression , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Homocysteine/antagonists & inhibitors , Hypertension/drug therapy , Male , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Transcription Factor CHOP/genetics , Vascular Remodeling/drug effects , Vascular Remodeling/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective: To comparison of the safety of two treatment methods of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) of typeâ ¡ and â ¢ in menopause within 7 weeks. Methods: Totally 70 cases of CSP of typeâ ¡ and â ¢ within 7 weeks of the last menstrual period, hospitalized within Peking University First Hospital from January 2009 to May 2016, had been retrospectively studied in two groups of different treatments. The methotrexate (MTX) treatment group included 37 cases receiving ultrasound-guided complete curettage of uterine cavity combined with MTX therapy, while the uterine artery embolization (UAE) group had 33 cases treated with UAE combined with MTX therapy and subsequent ultrasound-guided complete curettage of uterine cavity. The bleeding measurements during operation had been documented and compared for the study. Results: The comparative difference of bleeding measurements between the MTX treatment group and the UAE group was insignificant from the statistical perspective (median: 5.0 vs 5.0 ml, P=0.716).The comparative difference of the duration (median: 2.0 vs 6.0 days, P<0.01) and expenses (median: 2 832.1 vs 10 147.1 yuan, P<0.01) for hospitalization between the MTX treatment group and the UAE group were significant from the statistical perspective. Conclusions: The bleeding risks may not increase during the treatment of ultrasound-guided complete curettage of uterine cavity combined with MTX therapy for CSP patients of type â ¡ and â ¢within 7 weeks of the last menstrual period. Meanwhile, the UAE adverse effects and complications will be avoided, and the duration and expenses for hospitalization will be reduced.
Subject(s)
Cesarean Section , Cicatrix/surgery , Curettage/methods , Menopause , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Pregnancy, Ectopic/therapy , Uterine Artery Embolization/methods , Uterine Hemorrhage/therapy , Uterus/surgery , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cicatrix/complications , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography , Uterine Artery Embolization/adverse effects , Uterine Hemorrhage/etiology , Uterus/blood supplyABSTRACT
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Hyperthermia is an effective treatment modality that augments the anticancer effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Hyperthermia-chemo-radiotherapy (HCRT) is a combination therapy that can strengthen anticancer effects through a synergistic interaction between heat, chemotherapy and radiation. Here, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of chemoradiation combined with regional hyperthermia (HCRT) for oesophageal carcinoma. METHODS: We conducted computer searches of foreign databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Chinese databases, including CBM, CNKI and WanFang; we also retrieved other sources as supplement. All relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected to compare HCRT and other therapies, including chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (CRT) and radiotherapy alone (RT). After literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation performed by appropriate criteria, the meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.1 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Nineteen RCTs were included, comprising 1519 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-year survival, complete response and total effective rates of the HCRT group were higher than those of the CRT group; the rates of gastrointestinal reaction, leucocytopenia and radiation oesophagitis in the HCRT group were lower than those of the CRT group, indicating significant differences (P < 0·05). The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival, complete response and total effective rates of the HCRT group were higher than those of the RT group, the recurrence and distant metastasis rates of the HCRT group were lower than those of the RT group, and there were significant differences in all of the indicators (P < 0·05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate HCRT for oesophageal carcinoma. Compared with CRT or RT, HCRT can improve long-term and short-term curative effects; it is also safe and feasible. Additional high-quality and large sample size RCTs will be necessary to further demonstrate the long-term survival benefits and comprehensive safety profile of HCRT.
Subject(s)
Chemoradiotherapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy , Hyperthermia, Induced , Combined Modality Therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of Pleurotus eryngii cellulose on experimental fatty liver in rats. Rats were fed high-fat fodder to establish a rat fatty liver model, and were then fed different concentrations of Pleurotus eryngii cellulose for six weeks. Lipitor was used as a positive control. Measured levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and total triglyceride (TG); the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic lipase (HL), and lipoprotein lipase; and liver histopathological changes. Successfully established rat fatty liver model after feeding high-fat fodder for one week. A diet of P. eryngii cellulose for six weeks significantly reduced ALT, AST, TC, and TG levels in rat serum (P < 0.01); TC and AST levels in P. eryngii cellulose high-dose group and Lipitor group were not significantly different from those of the control (P > 0.05). SOD activity increased significantly, while MDA and HL activity decreased (P < 0.05); fatty degeneration and fat accumulation both decreased in hepatic tissue. Hepatic protection of P. eryngii cellulose showed dose-related effect. P. eryngii cellulose can affect lipid metabolism, having therapeutic effects on fatty liver in rats.
Subject(s)
Cellulose/pharmacology , Fatty Liver/drug therapy , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Pleurotus , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Cellulose/therapeutic use , Cholesterol/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Fatty Liver/blood , Liver/drug effects , Male , Rats , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
Using mouse gene expression microarray analysis, we obtained dynamic expression profiles of the whole genome in a depilation-induced hair growth mouse model. S100A3 expression increased during the anagen phase and returned to normal during the telogen phase. The effects of S100A3 blockade on the hair growth cycle were examined in mice after subcutaneous injection of an anti-mouse S100A3 antibody. Protein localization of S100A3 was confined to the hair shafts during the anagen phase and the sebaceous glands during the telogen phase. S100A3 blockade delayed hair follicle entry into the anagen phase, decreased hair elongation, and reduced the number of hair follicles in the subcutis, which correlated with the downregulated expression of hair growth induction-related genes in vivo. The present study demonstrates that anti-S100A3 antibody inhibits mouse hair growth, suggesting that S100A3 can be used as a target for hair loss treatment.
Subject(s)
Hair/growth & development , Hair/metabolism , S100 Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Antibodies/pharmacology , Hair/drug effects , Hair Follicle/drug effects , Hair Follicle/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , S100 Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , S100 Proteins/immunology , Sebaceous Glands/drug effects , Sebaceous Glands/metabolismABSTRACT
The first human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus was reported in Shanghai, China in March 2013. An additional 32 cases of human H7N9 infection were identified in the following months from March to April 2013 in Shanghai. Here we conducted a case-control study of the patients with H7N9 infection (n = 25) using controls matched by age, sex, and residence to determine risk factors for H7N9 infection. Our findings suggest that chronic disease and frequency of visiting a live poultry market (>10 times, or 1-9 times during the 2 weeks before illness onset) were likely to be significantly associated with H7N9 infection, with the odds ratios being 4.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-12.56], 10.61 (95% CI 1.85-60.74), and 3.76 (95% CI 1.31-10.79), respectively. Effective strategies for live poultry market control should be reinforced and ongoing education of the public is warranted to promote behavioural changes that can help to eliminate direct or indirect contact with influenza A(H7N9) virus.
Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/physiology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Cities/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Influenza, Human/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Cherry (Cerasus avium (Linn.) Moench) is the third most economically important fruit in Yantai, Shandong Province, China. In August 2012, brown spots or necrosis on cherry seedling leaves, with an incidence of 8.2 to 34.3%, were observed in some fields of cherry seedlings in Yantai. Our survey indicated that the economic losses could reach up to 15.3% if disease conditions, such as a cool rainy summer season, were favorable. Conspicuous watery lesions on the stems turned to brown streaks; the leaves all wilted; and finally the plants collapsed. Diseased stem and leaf samples were surface-disinfected in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, rinsed three times in sterile water, which was absorbed with filter paper, and then transferred to 10% V8 juice agar medium containing 50 µg/ml ampicillin and 5 µg/ml carbendazim (1). The plates were incubated at 22°C in the dark for 5 days. The colonies consisted of white, loose, fluffy aerial mycelia. Eight isolates were obtained, and all were identified as Phytophthora nicotianae based on morphological characteristics and the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The sporangia were ovoid/spherical, obturbinate with rounded bases and prominent papillae that were 37.5 to 62.5 × 30 to 50 µm (average 46.4 × 37.8 µm, n = 100) in size, with an average length-to-breadth ratio of 1.2. Chlamydospores were terminal, intercalary, and measured 19 to 42 µm (average 30.4 µm), which is typical of P. nicotianae (2). The genomic DNA of the eight isolates was extracted from mycelia. The ITS region of all eight isolates was amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4, producing specific products that were directly sequenced. The sequence of a representative isolate P1401 (895 bp) was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. KJ754387). It was 100% similar to P. nicotianae strains NV-20T and TARI 22073 (KC768775 and GU111667). To confirm the pathogenicity, at least 10 cherry leaves and new stems were inoculated with mycelial plugs (5 × 5 mm) from each isolate. Necrosis of leaves and stems was observed 4 and 7 days after inoculation, respectively. No symptoms were observed on the control leaves and stems that were inoculated with blank agar plugs. P. nicotianae was re-isolated from the infected leaves, and the ITS sequence was analyzed to confirm its identity. Phytophthora species, such as P. cambivora, P. megasperma, and P. drechsleri, had been previously isolated from cherry (3), but to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of stem rot and leaf necrosis disease caused by P. nicotianae on cherry. Since the economic loss caused by this disease could reach 15% if an outbreak occurred in a rainy summer, control measures should be implemented. References: (1) Y. Balci et al. Mycol. Res. 112:906, 2008. (2) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1996. (2) S. M. Mircetich and M. E. Matheron. Phytopathology 66:549, 1976.