[New type distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (DTS) based on Raman scattering and its' application].

Basic principles, development trends and applications status of distributed optical fiber Raman temperature sensor (DTS) are introduced. Performance parameters of DTS system include the sensing optical fiber length, temperature measurement uncertainty, spatial resolution and measurement time. These parameters have a certain correlation and it is difficult to improve them at the same time by single technology. So a variety of key techniques such as Raman amplification, pulse coding technique, Raman related dual-wavelength self-correction technique and embedding optical switching technique are researched to improve the performance of the DTS system. A 1 467 nm continuous laser is used as pump laser and the light source of DTS system (1 550 nm pulse laser) is amplified. When the length of sensing optical fiber is 50 km the Raman gain is about 17 dB. Raman gain can partially compensate the transmission loss of optical fiber, so that the sensing length can reach 50 km. In DTS system using pulse coding technique, pulse laser is coded by 211 bits loop encoder and correlation calculation is used to demodulate temperature. The encoded laser signal is related, whereas the noise is not relevant. So that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of DTS system can be improved significantly. The experiments are carried out in DTS system with single mode optical fiber and multimode optical fiber respectively. Temperature measurement uncertainty can all reach 1 degrees C. In DTS system using Raman related dual-wavelength self-correction technique, the wavelength difference of the two light sources must be one Raman frequency shift in optical fiber. For example, wavelength of the main laser is 1 550 nm and wavelength of the second laser must be 1 450 nm. Spatial resolution of DTS system is improved to 2 m by using dual-wavelength self-correction technique. Optical switch is embedded in DTS system, so that the temperature measurement channel multiply extended and the total length of the sensing optical fiber effectively extended. Optical fiber sensor network is composed.

[A multi-centered randomized double-blinded controlled clinical study on efficacy of gulling pa'an capsule in treating Parkinson's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of Gulling Pa'an Capsule (GPC), a Chinese medicine, in treating Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: According to the good clinical practice (GCP) principle, a multi-centered, double-blinded, layered, randomized and grouping-controlled clinical trial was carried out from May 2002 to January 2005 on 242 PD patients. Among them, 53 patients who had never received levodopa were randomized into two groups, 28 in group A treated with GPC, and 25 in group B treated with placebo; patients who had received levodopa were assigned depending on the Hoehn & Yahr (H-Y) grade, to 4 groups, 75 and 19 of grade 1.5 -3 in group C and E, respectively, 79 and 16 of grade 4 in group D and F, respectively, patients in group C and E were treated with GPC and Levodopa, and those in group D and F treated with placebo and Levodopa for control. The treatment course was 12 weeks for all. Changes of unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) II/III scores in comparing with the baseline were assessed. For the groups C, D, E and F, the dosage of levodopa administered was also recorded. Meanwhile, the blood pressure, pulse rate, blood and urine routine, liver and renal functions, electrocardiogram (ECG) and adverse reactions were monitored as the indices for safety supervise. RESULTS: (1) After treatment, symptoms were markedly improved in 1 out of the 28 patients in group A and improved in 11, the markedly improving rate was 3.6% and the improving rate 39.3%; while in group B, the corresponding outcomes were 0 (0/25) and 28.0% (7/25) respectively, showing insignificant difference between the two groups. UPDRS scores, including the total, II and III scores were all significantly lowered in group A after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); while in group B, significant lowering only showed in terms of UPDRS III (P < 0.05); but the inter-group comparison of the changes in all the three items showed no significant difference. (2) The significant improving rate was 12.0% (9/75) and improving rate 48.0% (36/75) in group C, while those in group D, 12.7% (10/79) and 24.1% (19/79) respectively, the efficacy in group C was better (P < 0.05). The items of 3 UPDRS scores in groups C and D were all significantly lowered after treatment (P < 0.01), and the lowering in group C was more significant in terms of the total and II scores (P < 0.05). (3) The significant improving rate was 5.3% (1/19) and improving rate 36.8% (7/19) in group E, while in group F 0% (0/19) and 25.0% (4/16), respectively, showing insignificant difference between them; UPDRS scores lowered significantly in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.01), also showed no statistical significance in comparison (P > 0.05). (4) The dosage of Levodopa required in groups C and E was significantly reduced after treatment (P < 0.05), while in groups D and F, it was unchanged (P > 0.05); yet, the further analysis displayed that significant reduction only presented in group C (P < 0.05), not in the other three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The overall efficacy of levodopa in combined with GPC for treating PD patients of H-Y grade 1.5 -3 is significantly higher than that of levodopa alone. GPC shows obvious effects in improving patients' motor syndrome and the quality of life; as used in combining with levodopa, the dosage of levodopa required could be reduced.

Multicenter controlled study on transient asthma-stopping action of acupuncture at "Qingchuan point" / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test and verify the transient therapeutic effect of acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" on bronchial asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred cases of bronchial asthma at acute attack stage were divided into a trial group of 100 cases treated with acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" and a control group of 100 cases treated with acupuncture at Dingchuan (EX-B1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 92.60% and the effect occurred within 42-860 seconds after acupuncture in the trial group, and 81.0% and within 114-126 seconds in the control group, respectively, with very significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" can significantly improve asthmatic state in the patient of bronchial asthma with action of rapidly stopping asthma.</p>

Controlled observation on acupuncture at Fengchi (GB 20) and Tianzhu (BL 10) for treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Fengchi (GB 20) and Tianzhu (BL 10) on vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixteen cases of VBI were randomly divided into 2 groups, 58 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with acupuncture at Fengchi (GB 20) and Tianzhu (BL 10), and the control group with oral administration of Nimodipine. Clinical symptoms, and the average blood flow rates of left vertebral artery (LVA), right vertebral artery (RVA) and basilar artery (BA) detected by transcranial Doppler's method (TCD) before and after treatment were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 89.66% in the treatment group and 86.21% in the control group. Acupuncture had significantly therapeutic effect in improvement of clinical symptoms and the average blood flow rate of BA, better than Nimodipine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture at Fengch; (GB 20) and Tianzhu (BL 10) has obvious therapeutic effect on vertebrobasilar insufficiency.</p>

[Study on familial factors regarding injury-related behaviors in children].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of familial factors on injury-related behaviors in children. METHODS: Injury-related behaviors and familial factors of 6884 children were investigated with Family Questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist. Multi-nominal logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were 1670 (24.26%) children having serious injury-related behaviors and 3683 (53.50%) children having moderate injury-related behaviors. Factors contributing to children's injury-related behaviors would include punishment or indifference as well as the mode of parents' education; reintegral type of family; the level of parents' cognition on injuries; unfit location of medicine at home and careless attitudes of parents. CONCLUSION: There was close relationship between children's injury-related behaviors and familial factors. To avoid injury-related behaviors and to prevent injury occurrence, the importance of familial factors must be stressed.

[Hypotensive action of luohuo capsule and its effect on plasma adrenal medullin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor].

OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect of Luohuo Capsule (LHC) clinically. METHODS: Clinical trial on 90 patients were carried out adopting randomized, stratified, single-blinded and positive drug controlled method, by divided patients into the treated group (n = 60) and the control group (n = 30). The treated group was treated with LHC, which was mainly consisted of Leech, Radish seed, Water-plantain Tuber, Chuanxiong, etc. The control group was treated with Beijing Hypotensive. No. 0. The therapeutic course was 4 weeks. The diagnosis and efficacy evaluation were in accord with corresponding national standards, using the indexes including safety, clinical symptoms, blood pressure, hemorrheologic parameters, blood lipid, adrenal medullin (AdM) and plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). RESULTS: The total effective rate of LHC in lowering blood pressure in the treated group and the control group was 85.00% and 86.67% respectively, comparison of them showed no significant difference (P = 0.915). Most of the improvement of clinical symptoms in the treated group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). LHC could also improve the hemorrheologic status (P < 0.01), alleviate the blood lipids disorder (P < 0.05), and adjust AdM and TFPI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LHC is safe in treating hypertension grade I and II with no adverse reaction.