ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study was to evaluate the effects of herbal compound 861 (Cpd861) on ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) /Smad signaling in rats with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis, and to explore the mechanisms of Cpd861 on hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: Thirty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation, BDL, and Cpd861. To induce hepatic fibrosis, BDL and Cpd861 group rats underwent bile duct ligation. Cpd861 at 9 g/kg/d or an equal volume of normal saline was administered intragastrically for 28 days. Liver injury was assessed biochemically and histologically. Protein and mRNA changes for SnoN and TGF-ß1/Smad signaling (TGF-ß1, Smad2, phosphorylated Smad2 [p-Smad2], phosphorylated Smad3 [p-Smad3], fibronectin, and collagen III) were determined by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: BDL rats treated with Cpd861 had significantly alleviated hepatic fibrosis compared to BDL rats not receiving Cpd861 treatment. Moreover, Cpd861 decreased the expression of fibrosis-associated proteins fibronectin and collagen III in liver tissue. Cpd861 administration increased the expression of SnoN protein, did not change SnoN mRNA level, and decreased TGF-ß1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 protein expression compared to BDL without Cpd861 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Cpd861 attenuates hepatic fibrosis by increasing SnoN protein expression and inhibiting the TGF-ß1/Smad signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Smad Proteins/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Animals , Bile Ducts/injuries , Bile Ducts/surgery , Disease Models, Animal , Immunohistochemistry , Liver/chemistry , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Smad Proteins/analysis , Smad Proteins/genetics , Transcription Factors/analysis , Transcription Factors/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/analysis , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective To describe the change of obesity incidence over the years by evaluating simple obesity children aged 0-7 years old during 1986 to 2010 in China.Methods Relevant articles were searched for in PubMed,Cochrane Library,Chinese Science Citation Database,CBM,CNKI and Wanfang Database using the key words of "child"," overweight" and "simple obesity" in English and Chinese articles between Jan.1,1980 and Jul.31,2012.A criterion for inclusion was established based on valid criteria for diagnostic research.The eligible studies were collected and analyzed using Stata 10.0.Publication bias was tested by Begg's funnel plot.The heterogeneity test was performed at the same time.The appropriate models was used to calculate prevalence rate and 95％ CI and study gender effect among children.Results Fourteen articles were included with a total of 126 310 children (66 558 boys and 59 752 girls).The rate of child obesity was 4.30％,95％ CI:3.30％-5.40％ ;boys:4.80％,95％ CI:3.60％-6.00％ ;girls:3.70％,95％ CI:2.80％-4.60％.There was no difference between boys and girls in obesity incidence from 1986 to 1995(P ＞0.05),while differences appeared from 1996 to2010(P＜0.05).Conclusions In the 1986 to 2010 period both child obesity incidence and differences between boys and girls continued to increase.The government shall pay attention to such a situation at once and introduce polices to prevent the continuous development of the children simple obesity.
