CHN nanocomposites and nanocoating resist enamel white spot lesions by enhancing remineralization and antibacterial activity.

Enamel white spot lesions (WSLs) are usually caused by the dissolution of minerals (mainly calcium and phosphate) on the tooth surface due to the acidic environment in the oral cavity. Without timely intervention, WSLs may lead to white spots or a sense of transparency on the tooth surface, and even the formation of dental caries (tooth decay) in severe cases. The key to preventing and treating WSLs is inhibiting the activity of acid-producing bacteria and promoting the remineralization of demineralized enamel. In this study, the network structure formed by sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linked chitosan was used to stabilize calcium phosphate, and the multifunctional nanocomposite was constructed by integrating antibacterial components of traditional Chinese medicine, honokiol nanoparticles (HK-NPs) and sodium fluoride to achieve the purpose of resisting cariogenic bacteria and remineralizing with sustained release of calcium and phosphate ions. Notably, we enhanced the remineralization effect of nanocomposites with the help of functional nanocoatings inspired by the mussel biomimetic coating. The experimental results show that the synergistic remineralization effect of nanocomposite and nanocoating is better than that of a single strategy. This multi-prong treatment strategy provides the theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of WSLs.

E-M349E and NS2A/2B-P1(T) are compensatory mutations of rDTMUV-NS2AB-P1P1'(AA), which regain virus proliferation by enhancing the virus package and restoring NS2A/2B cleavage.

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and mainly infects ducks. The genome of DTMUV is translated into a polyprotein, which is further cleaved into several protein by viral NS2B3 protease and host proteases. Crucially, the cleavage of the NS2A/2B precursor during this process is essential for the formation of replication complexes and viral packaging. Previous research has demonstrated that alanine mutations in NS2A/2B (P1P1' (AA)) result in an attenuated strain (rDTMUV-NS2A/2B-P1P1' (AA)) by disrupting NS2A/2B cleavage. In this study, we investigate the effects of the P1P1' (AA) mutation on the viral life cycle and explore compensatory mutations in rDTMUV-NS2A/2B-P1P1' (AA). Infected ducklings exhibit similar body weight gain and viral tissue loads to DTMUV-WT. Compensatory mutations E-M349E and P1(T) emerge, restoring proliferation levels to those of rDTMUV-WT. Specifically, E-M349E enhances viral packaging, while P1(T) reinstates NS2A/2B proteolysis in vitro. Thus, our findings reveal novel compensatory sites capable of restoring the attenuated DTMUV during polyprotein cleavage and packaging.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal METTL3 promotes the proliferation, invasion, stemness and glutaminolysis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by eliciting SLC7A5 m6A modification.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can promote the crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment by exosomes. METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenine (m6A) modification has been proved to promote the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we focused on the impacts of CAFs-derived exosomes and METTL3-mediated m6A modification on NSCLC progression. Functional analyses were conducted using Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU, colony formation, sphere formation and transwell assays, respectively. Glutamine metabolism was evaluated by detecting glutamate consumption, and the production of intercellular glutamate and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). qRT-PCR and western blotting analyses were utilized to measure the levels of genes and proteins. Exosomes were isolated by kits. The methylated RNA immunoprecipitation assay detected the m6A modification profile of Amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) mRNA. The NSCLC mouse model was established to conduct in vivo experiments. We found that CAFs promoted the proliferation, invasion, stemness and glutaminolysis in NSCLC cells. METTL3 was enriched in CAFs and was packaged into exosomes. After knockdown of METTL3 in CAF exosomes, it was found the oncogenic effects of CAFs on NSCLC cells were suppressed. CAFs elevated m6A levels in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, exosomal METTL3-induced m6A modification in SLC7A5 mRNA and stabilized its expression in NSCLC cells. Moreover, SLC7A5 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effects of exosomal METTL3-decreased CAFs on NSCLC cells. In addition, METTL3 inhibition in CAF exosomes impeded NSCLC growth in vivo. In all, CAFs-derived exosomal METTL3 promoted the proliferation, invasion, stemness and glutaminolysis in NSCLC cells by inducing SLC7A5 m6A modification.

Exosomal encapsulation of miR-3198 promotes proliferation and migration of trophoblasts in preeclampsia.

PURPOSE: Preeclampsia (PE) is a vascular remodeling disorder cloesly linked to trophoblast dysfunction, involving defects in their proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Maternal exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in the development of PE. However, the mechanism underlying the role of maternal exosomes in trophoblast dysfunction regarding the development of PE is poorly understood. METHODS: Plasma exosomes from maternal peripheral blood were collected from pregnant women with PE and from those with normal pregnancy. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify significantly differentially expressed miRNAs under these two conditions. The expression of the miR-3198 gene in plasma exosomes was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm binding of miR-3198 and 3'UTR region of WNT3. Cell proliferation was examined using the Cell Count Kit-8 and EdU assays, and flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis and cell cycle. Changes in cell migration were examined using transwell and scratch assays. RESULTS: Patients with PE showed decreased expression of plasma-derived exosomal miR-3198. The proliferation and migration abilities of HTR-8/SVneo and primary human trophoblast cells were both improved when cocultured with miR-3198-rich exosomes. Exposure to miR-3198-enriched exosomes facilitated cell cycle progression but reduced apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Notably, overexpression of miR-3198 partially prevented the inhibitory effects of WNT3 on proliferation and migration in HTR-8/SVneo cells. CONCLUSION: Exosomal miR-3198 in the maternal peripheral blood may regulate the biological functions of trophoblasts by targeting WNT3 and influence the development of diseases of placental origin.

Heavy metals in centralized drinking water sources of the Yangtze River: A comprehensive study from a basin-wide perspective.

Water quality in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) has received considerable attention because it supplies water to 400 million people. However, the trends, sources, and risks associated with heavy metals (HMs) in water of centralized drinking water sources (CDWSs) in the YRB region are not well understood due to the lack of high-frequency, large-scale monitoring data. Moreover, research on the factors affecting the transportation of HMs in natural water are limited, all of which significantly reduce the effectiveness of CDWSs management. Therefore, this study utilized data on 11 HMs and water quality from 114 CDWSs, covering 71 prefecture-level cities (PLC) in 15 provinces (cities), to map unprecedented geospatial distribution of HMs in the YRB region and examine their concentrations in relation to water chemistry parameters. The findings revealed that the frequency of detection (FOD) of 11 HMs ranged from 28.59% (Hg) to 99.64% (Ba). The mean concentrations are ranked as follows: Ba (40.775 µg/L) > B (21.866 µg/L) > Zn (5.133 µg/L) > V (2.668 µg/L) > Cu (2.049 µg/L) > As (1.989 µg/L) > Mo (1.505 µg/L) > Ni (1.108 µg/L) > Sb (0.613 µg/L) > Pb (0.553 µg/L) > Hg (0.002 µg/L). Concentrations of Zn, As, Hg, Pb, Mo, Sb, Ni, and Ba exhibited decreasing trends from 2018 to 2022. Human activities, including industrial and agricultural production, have led to higher pollution levels in the midstream and downstream of the river than in its upstream. Additionally, the high concentrations of Ba and B are influenced by natural geological factors. Anion concentrations and nutrient levels, play a significant role in the transport of HMs in water. Probabilistic health risk assessment indicates that As, Ba, and Sb pose a potential carcinogenic risk. Additionally, non-carcinogenic risk to children under extreme conditions should also be considered.

Duck plague virus Us3 regulates the expression of pUL48.

Duck plague (DP) is one of the contagious diseases caused by Duck plague virus (DPV), which is a serious threat to the development of duck farming. Us3 is a PKA-like protein kinase in alphaherpesvirus, which can regulate the biological functions of many viral proteins, but whether Us3 regulates pUL48 protein has not been reported. In this paper, Western Blot, qRT-PCR, dual luciferase reporter system and Co-IP were used to investigate the relationship between pUL48 and Us3. The results showed that: 1) pUL48 interacted with Us3 at 138-256aa through its DBD region. 2) Us3 enhanced the protein expression of pUL48 in a dose-dependent manner. 3) Us3 promoted the mRNA level of pUL48 by activating its promoter activity. 4) Us3 inhibited the transcriptional activation function of pUL48. The results can provide scientific data for perfecting and supplementing the function of alpha herpesvirus Us3 and pUL48.

Characteristics of the a sequence of the duck Plague virus genome and specific cleavage of the viral genome based on the a sequence.

During the replication process, the herpesvirus genome forms the head-to-tail linked concatemeric genome, which is then cleaved and packaged into the capsid. The cleavage and packing process is carried out by the terminase complex, which specifically recognizes and cleaves the concatemeric genome. This process is governed by a cis-acting sequence in the genome, named the a sequence. The a sequence and genome cleavage have been described in some herpesviruses, but it remains unclear in duck plague virus. In this study, we analysed the location, composition, and conservation of a sequence in the duck plague virus genome. The structure of the DPV genome has an a sequence of (DR4)m-(DR2)n-pac1-S termini (32 bp)-L termini (32 bp)-pac2, and the length is 841 bp. Direct repeat (DR) sequences are conserved in different DPV strains, but the number of DR copies is inconsistent. Additionally, the typical DR1 sequence was not found in the DPV a sequence. The Pac1 and pac2 motifs are relatively conserved between DPV and other herpesviruses. Cleavage of the DPV concatemeric genome was detected, and the results showed that the DPV genome can form a concatemer and is cleaved into a monomer at a specific site. We also established a sensitive method, TaqMan dual qRT‒PCR, to analyse genome cleavage. The ratio of concatemer to total viral genome was decreased during the replication process. These results will be critical for understanding the process of DPV genome cleavage, and the application of TaqMan dual qRT‒PCR will greatly facilitate more in-depth research.

The Ca∗Cl/P Ratio: A Novel and More Appropriate Screening Tool for Normocalcaemic or Overt Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic performance of the Ca∗Cl/P ratio for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), especially normocalcaemic PHPT (NPHPT), to assist health care providers in making reliable and rapid clinical identifications. METHODS: From January 1, 2013, to March 31, 2023, 230 PHPT patients, including 65 with NPHPT and 230 sex- and age-matched controls, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Differences between hypercalcaemic PHPT (HPHPT) and NPHPT and between them and their respective controls were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of the Ca∗Cl/P ratio, Ca/P ratio, Cl/P ratio and albumin-corrected calcium was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Compared with corresponding controls, NPHPT and HPHPT patients both had significantly higher Ca ∗ Cl/P ratios (271.64 ± 51.74 vs 192.71 ± 26; 419.91 ± 139.11 vs 199.14 ± 36.75, P < .001). In the overall cohort, the ROC-AUC of the Ca∗Cl/P ratio (0.964, 95% CI = 0.943-0.979) for diagnosis of PHPT patients was superior to albumin-corrected calcium (0.959, 95% CI = 0.934-0.973), the Ca/P ratio (0.956, 95% CI = 0.934-0.973), and the Cl/P ratio (0.923, 95% CI = 0.895-0.946). A Ca ∗ Cl/P ratio above 239.17 mmol/L, with sensitivity (0.952), specificity (0.922), PPV (0.924), NPV (0.951) and accuracy (0.937), can distinguish PHPT patients from healthy individuals. Furthermore, the Ca ∗ Cl/P ratio yielded a sensitivity of 0.831, specificity of 0.938, PPV of 0.931, NPV of 0.847 and accuracy of 0.885 for NPHPT. CONCLUSION: The Ca∗Cl/P ratio provides excellent diagnostic power for diagnosis of PHPT, especially NPHPT.

Functional characterization of a TerC family protein of Riemerella anatipestifer in manganese detoxification and virulence.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for bacteria, but the overload of manganese is toxic. In a previous study, we showed that the cation diffusion facilitator protein MetA and the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump MetB are responsible for Mn efflux in the bacterial pathogen Riemerella anatipestifer CH-1. However, whether this bacterium encodes additional manganese efflux proteins is unclear. In this study, we show that R. anatipestifer CH-1 encodes a tellurium resistance C (TerC) family protein with low similarity to other characterized TerC family proteins. Compared to the wild type (WT), the terC mutant of R. anatipestifer CH-1 (∆terC) is sensitive to Mn(II) intoxication. The ability of TerC to export manganese is higher than that of MetB but lower than that of MetA. Consistently, terC deletion (∆terC) led to intracellular accumulation of Mn2+ under excess manganese conditions. Further study showed that ∆terC was more sensitive than the WT to the oxidant hypoclorite but not to hydrogen peroxide. Mutagenesis studies showed that the mutant at amino acid sites of Glu116 (E116), Asp122 (D122), Glu245 (E245) Asp248 (D248), and Asp254 (D254) may be involved in the ability of TerC to export manganese. The transcription of terC was upregulated under excess manganese and downregulated under iron-limited conditions. However, this was not dependent on the manganese metabolism regulator MetR. In contrast to a strain lacking the manganese efflux pump MetA or MetB, the terC mutant is attenuated in virulence in a duckling model of infection due to increased sensitivity to duck serum. Finally, comparative analysis showed that homologs of TerC are distributed across the bacterial kingdom, suggesting that TerC exerts a conserved manganese efflux function.IMPORTANCERiemerella anatipestifer is a notorious bacterial pathogen of ducks and other birds. In R. anatipestifer, the genes involved in manganese efflux have not been completely identified, although MetA and MetB have been identified as two manganese exporters. Additionally, the function of TerC family proteins in manganese efflux is controversial. Here, we demonstrated that a TerC family protein helps prevent Mn(II) intoxication in R. anatipestifer and that the ability of TerC to export manganese is intermediate compared to that of MetA and MetB. Sequence analysis and mutagenesis studies showed that the conserved key amino sites of TerC are Glu116, Asp122, Glu245, Asp248, and Asp254. The transcription of terC was regulated by manganese excess and iron limitation. Finally, we show that TerC plays a role in the virulence of R. anatipestifer due to the increased sensitivity to duck serum, rather than the increased sensitivity to manganese. Taken together, these results expand our understanding of manganese efflux and the pathogenic mechanisms of R. anatipestifer.

Functional characterization of two TolC in the resistance to drugs and metals and in the virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer.

IMPORTANCE: Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is a notorious duck pathogen, characterized by a multitude of serotypes that exhibit no cross-reaction with one another. Moreover, RA is resistant to various antibacterial agents. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms behind resistance and identifying potential targets for drug development have become pressing needs. In this study, we show that the two TolC proteins play a role in the resistance to different drugs and metals and in the virulence. The results suggest that TolCA has a wider range of efflux substrates than TolCB. Except for gentamicin, neither TolCA nor TolCB was involved in the efflux of the other tested antibiotics. Strikingly, TolCA but not TolCB enhanced the frequency of resistance-conferring mutations. Moreover, TolCA was involved in RA virulence. Given its conservation in RA, TolCA has potential as a drug target for the development of therapeutics against RA infections.

Unraveling the Synergistic Mechanism of Boosted Photocatalytic H2 O2 Production over Cyano-g-C3 N4 /In2 S3 /Ppy Heterostructure and Enhanced Photocatalysis-Self-Fenton Degradation Performance.

In this work, cyano contained g-C3 N4 comodified by In2 S3 and polypyrrole (C≡N─CN/IS/Ppy) materials are synthesized for the photocatalytic production of H2 O2 and photocatalysis-self-Fenton reaction for highly efficient degradation of metronidazole. The results from UV-vis spectrophotometry, surface photovoltage, and Kelvin probe measurements reveal the promoted transport and separation efficiency of photoinduced charges after the introduction of In2 S3 and Ppy in the heterojunction. The existence of a built-in electric field accelerates the photoinduced charge separation and preserves the stronger oxidation ability of holes at the valence band of C≡N─CN. Linear sweep voltammetry measurements, zeta potential analyzations, nitroblue tetrazolium determination, and other measurements show that Ppy improves the conversion ratio of • O2 - to H2 O2 and the utilization ratio of • O2 - , as well as suppresses decomposition of H2 O2 . Accordingly, the H2 O2 evolution rate produced via a two-step single-electron reduction reaction reaches almost 895 µmol L-1 h-1 , a value 80% and 7.2-fold higher than those obtained with C≡N─CN/IS and C≡N─CN, respectively. The metronidazole removal rate obtained via photocatalysis-self-Fenton reaction attains 83.7% within 120 minutes, a value much higher than that recorded by the traditional Fenton method. Overall, the proposed synthesis materials and route look promising for the H2 O2 production and organic pollutants degradation.

siRNA-based approaches for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathway.

Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment method for metastatic prostate cancer through lowering androgen levels; however, this therapy frequently leads to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This is attributed to the activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Current treatments targeting AR are often ineffective mostly due to AR gene overexpression and mutations, as well as the presence of splice variants that accelerate CRPC progression. Thus there is a critical need for more specific medication to treat CRPC. Small interfering RNAs have shown great potential as a targeted therapy. This review discusses prostate cancer progression and the role of AR signaling in CRPC, and proposes siRNA-based targeted therapy as a promising strategy for CRPC.

Secretory pathways and multiple functions of nonstructural protein 1 in flavivirus infection.

The genus Flavivirus contains a wide variety of viruses that cause severe disease in humans, including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a glycoprotein that encodes a 352-amino-acid polypeptide and has a molecular weight of 46-55 kDa depending on its glycosylation status. NS1 is highly conserved among multiple flaviviruses and occurs in distinct forms, including a dimeric form within the endoplasmic reticulum, a cell-associated form on the plasma membrane, or a secreted hexameric form (sNS1) trafficked to the extracellular matrix. Intracellular dimeric NS1 interacts with other NSs to participate in viral replication and virion maturation, while extracellular sNS1 plays a critical role in immune evasion, flavivirus pathogenesis and interactions with natural vectors. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on flavivirus NS1, including research on the structural details, the secretory pathways in mammalian and mosquito cells and the multiple functions in viral replication, immune evasion, pathogenesis and interaction with natural hosts, drawing together the previous data to determine the properties of this protein.

A novel live attenuated duck Tembusu virus vaccine targeting N7 methyltransferase protects ducklings against pathogenic strains.

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), an emerging pathogenic flavivirus, causes markedly decreased egg production in laying duck and neurological dysfunction and death in ducklings. Vaccination is currently the most effective means for prevention and control of DTMUV. In previous study, we have found that methyltransferase (MTase) defective DTMUV is attenuated and induces a higher innate immunity. However, it is not clear whether MTase-deficient DTMUV can be used as a live attenuated vaccine (LAV). In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of N7-MTase defective recombinant DTMUV K61A, K182A and E218A in ducklings. These three mutants were highly attenuated in both virulence and proliferation in ducklings but still immunogenic. Furthermore, a single-dose immunization with K61A, K182A or E218A could induce robust T cell responses and humoral immune responses, which could protect ducks from the challenge of a lethal-dose of DTMUV-CQW1. Together, this study provides an ideal strategy to design LAVs for DTMUV by targeting N7-MTase without changing the antigen composition. This attenuated strategy targeting N7-MTase may apply to other flaviviruses.

Enhanced electron recovery by optimizing sandwich structure agricultural waste corncob filled anode in microbial electrochemical system to facilitate wastewater denitrification.

Microbial electrochemical system autotrophic denitrification has attracted much attention due to its cost-efficiency and clean advantages. The autotrophic denitrification rate highly depends on the input electrons to the cathode. In this study, agricultural waste corncob was filled into sandwich structure anode as low-cost carbon source for electron production. The COMSOL software was used to guide the construction of sandwich structure anode to control carbon source release and enhance electron collection, including suitable pore size (4 mm) and current collector arrangement (five branches). Optimized sandwich structure anode system with the help of 3D printing obtained a higher denitrification efficiency (21.79 ± 0.22 gNO3--N/m3d) than anodic systems without pore and current collector. Statistical analysis showed that enhanced autotrophic denitrification efficiency was the responsible for enhanced denitrification performance of the optimized anode system. This study provides a strategy to improve the autotrophic denitrification performance of the microbial electrochemical system by optimizing the anode structure.

MiR-218-5p promotes trophoblast infiltration and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress by reducing UBE3A-mediated degradation of SATB1.

This research evaluated the effects of miR-218-5p on trophoblast infiltration and endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress during preeclampsia (PE). The expression of miR-218-5p and special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) in placental tissues from 25 patients with PE and 25 normal pregnant subjects was determined using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Cell invasion and cell migration were detected by performing Transwell assays and scratch assays, respectively. MMP-2/9, TIMP1/2, HIF-1α, p-eIF2α, and ATF4 expression in cells was assessed through western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species were detected using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and intracellular malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activities were determined with kits. Dual-luciferase and RNA pull-down assays were performed to verify the interaction between miR-218-5p and UBE3A. Co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting were used to detect the ubiquitination levels of SATB1. A rat model of PE was established, and an miR-218-5p agomir was injected into rat placental tissues. The pathological characteristics of placental tissues were detected via HE staining, and MMP-2/9, TIMP1/2, p-eIF2α, and ATF4 expression in rat placental tissues was determined through western blotting. MiR-218-5p and SATB1 were expressed at low levels, while UBE3A was highly expressed in the placental tissues of patients with PE. The transfection of an miR-218-5p mimic, UBE3A shRNA, or an SATB1 overexpression vector into HTR-8/SVneo cells promoted trophoblast infiltration and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress. It was determined that UBE3A is a target of miR-218-5p; UBE3A induces ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SATB1. In PE model rats, miR-218-5p alleviated pathological features, promoted trophoblast infiltration, and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress. MiR-218-5p targeted and negatively regulated UBE3A expression to inhibit ubiquitin-mediated SATB1 degradation, promote trophoblast infiltration, and inhibit endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress.

Long-term operation of cathode-enhanced ecological floating bed coupled with microbial electrochemical system for urban surface water remediation: From lab-scale research to engineering application.

Ecological floating bed coupled with microbial electrochemical system (ECOFB-MES) has great application potential in micro-polluted water remediation yet limited by low electron transfer efficiency on the microbial/electrode interface. Here, an innovative cathode-enhanced EOCFB-MES was constructed with nano-Fe3O4 modification and applied for in-situ remediation both at lab scale (6 L, 62-day operation) and demonstration scale (2300 m2, 1-year operation). The cathode-enhanced ECOFB-MES exhibited superior removal in TOC (81.43 ± 2.05%), TN (85.12% ± 1.46%) and TP (59.80 ± 2.27%), much better than those of original ECOFB-MES and anode-enhanced ECOFB-MES in the laboratory test. Meanwhile, cathode-enhanced ECOFB-MES boosted current output by 33% than that of original ECOFB-MES, which made a great contribution to the improvement of ectopic electronic compensation for pollutant decontamination. Notably, cathode-enhanced ECOFB-MES presented high efficiency, stability and durability in the demonstration test, and fulfilled the average concentration of COD (9.5 ± 2.81 mg/L), TN (1.00 ± 0.21 mg/L) and TP (0.10 ± 0.04 mg/L) of effluent water to meet the Grade III (GB 3838-2002) with stable operation stage. Based on the KOSIM calculation, the removal loads of cathode-enhanced ECOFB-MES in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus could reach 37.14 g COD/(d·m2), 2.62 g TN/(d·m2) and 0.55 g TP/(d·m2), respectively. According to the analysis of microbial communities and functional genes, the cathode modified by Fe3O4 made a sensible enrichment in electroactive bacteria (EAB) and nitrogen-converting bacteria (NCB) as well as facilitated the functional genes expression in electron transfer and nitrogen metabolism, resulting in the synergistic removal of carbon in sediment and nitrite in water. This study provided a brandnew technique reference for in-situ remediation of surface water in practical application.