Emerging roles of ferroptosis-related miRNAs in tumor metastasis.

Ferroptosis, a novel mode of cell death dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species, has been extensively explored during malignant tumors metastasis. Ferroptosis can interact with multiple components of the tumor microenvironment to regulate metastasis. These interactions generally include the following aspects: (1) Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, which can help cancer cells increase their sensitivity to ferroptosis while they have multiple mechanisms to fight against it; (2) Disorder of iron metabolism in cancer stem cells which maintains their stem characteristics; (3) Polarization of M0 macrophages to M2. (4) The paradoxical effects of iron metabolism and CD8 + T cells induced by ferroptosis (5) Regulation of angiogenesis. In addition, ferroptosis can be regulated by miRNAs through the reprogramming of various intracellular metabolism processes, including the regulation of the glutathione- glutathione peroxidase 4 pathway, glutamic acid/cystine transport, iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Therefore, there are many potential interactions between ferroptosis-related miRNAs and tumor metastasis, including interaction with cancer cells and immune cells, regulating cytokines, and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the role of ferroptosis-related miRNA in tumor metastasis, aiming to help readers understand their relationship and provide a new perspective on the potential treatment strategies of malignant tumors.

Emerging Roles of NDUFS8 Located in Mitochondrial Complex I in Different Diseases.

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S8 (NDUFS8) is an essential core subunit and component of the iron-sulfur (FeS) fragment of mitochondrial complex I directly involved in the electron transfer process and energy metabolism. Pathogenic variants of the NDUFS8 are relevant to infantile-onset and severe diseases, including Leigh syndrome, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. With over 1000 nuclear genes potentially causing a mitochondrial disorder, the current diagnostic approach requires targeted molecular analysis, guided by a combination of clinical and biochemical features. Currently, there are only several studies on pathogenic variants of the NDUFS8 in Leigh syndrome, and a lack of literature on its precise mechanism in cancer and diabetes mellitus exists. Therefore, NDUFS8-related diseases should be extensively explored and precisely diagnosed at the molecular level with the application of next-generation sequencing technologies. A more distinct comprehension will be needed to shed light on NDUFS8 and its related diseases for further research. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge about NDUFS8 structural function, its pathogenic mutations in Leigh syndrome, as well as its underlying roles in cancer and diabetes mellitus is provided, offering potential pathogenesis, progress, and therapeutic target of different diseases. We also put forward some problems and solutions for the following investigations.

Prognostic value and immune infiltration of the gasdermin family in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The GSDM family includes six members, GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME (DFNA5), and PJVK (Pejvakin, DFNB59), which can induce pyroptosis, thereby regulating the tumorigenesis of various cancers. However, the clinical characteristics and role of the GSDM family in LUAD are not well understood. Methods: In this study, several important bioinformatics databases were used to integrate the analysis of the expression, prognostic value, and immune infiltration of GSDMs in LUAD. These databases include UALCAN, DiseaseMeth, GEPIA, THPA, cBioPortal, TIMER, WebGestalt, STRING database, and Cytoscape. Results: The findings from the UALCAN database revealed that the expression of all six GSDMs based on the tumor stage in LUAD was increased (particularly GSDMD). Our IHC results verified it. Additionally, the DiseaseMeth database showed that the methylation levels of GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDMD were decreased. The expression of six GSDMs was related to shorter overall survival in patients with LUAD, according to the GEPIA database. The cBioPortal database was further used to explore the alteration rate and correlated genes in LUAD. Subsequently, these genes were subjected to functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analyses. We identified that the GSDM family regulate several signaling pathways, including immune-associated signaling pathways. According to tumor-infiltrating immune cell analysis from the TIMER database, GSDM family members are associated with the infiltration of important immune cells and their signature markers. Conclusions: GSDM family may be prognostic markers and novel strategies for the treatment of LUAD.

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor in right thigh: 2 cases report and literature review.

Background: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a very rare tumor of bone and soft tissue that has no specific clinical manifestations. Here we present 2 cases of PMT in the right thigh, including comparatively adequate immunohistochemistry. Case Presentation: We described 2 cases of PMT in the right thigh with manifestations of hypophosphatemia. PET-CT examination showed that both patients had lesions with increased expression of somatostatin receptors in the right thigh. Bland cells and dirty calcified stroma were exhibited under the microscope. And immunohistochemical detection of FGF-23 was positive. Conclusions: PMT is a very uncommon tumor for which diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Considering the importance of surgery for the treatment of this disease, a full understanding of its clinicopathological features will facilitate the diagnosis of this disease.

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of mixed breast cancer metastasizing to the cervical region and thyroid: report of a rare case.

While the incidence of metastatic breast cancer tumors in the thyroid gland is extremely rare, invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast metastasizing to the thyroid gland is even rarer. There are no known reported cases in which both invasive ductal carcinoma-no special type (IDC-NST) and IMPC existed in the breast tissue and where only the latter metastasized into the thyroid gland. This report details the case of a 59-year-old Chinese woman who was first diagnosed with grade 2 IDC-NST of the breast with involvement of 6 axillary lymph nodes in 2015. However, 5 years later, blood tests revealed increased tumor markers. Imaging revealed multiple solid nodules in both sides of the thyroid gland. Total thyroidectomy and bilateral cervical lymph node dissection were performed; the findings showed both IDC-NST and IMPC in the lymph nodes, but only the latter in the thyroid gland. Immunohistochemically, these tumor cells were positive for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), and mammaglobin, but negative for thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed as having mixed breast cancer with metastatic IMPC in the thyroid gland, and chemotherapy was continued. Apart from the possibility of IDC-NST in breast tissue metastasizing to the thyroid, metastasis of IMPC of the breast must also be taken into consideration, especially when the patient has a history of breast cancer and thyroid nodules. Accurate diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma is vital for precise treatment and can improve the prognosis of patients.