[Psychological problems in breast cancer patients should be taken seriously].

With the transformation of the biopsychosocial medical model, psychological problems and related interventions for breast cancer patients have received more and more attention. Patients often have various psychological problems, in diagnosis, treatment, and even in the state of disease-free survival, such as anxiety and depression, which not only seriously reduces the quality of life, but also affects the follow-up treatment and increases the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, physicians should perform routine psychological screening and appropriate intervention for patients. In recent years, psychological intervention has gradually become an important part of comprehensive breast cancer treatment, in which cognitive behavior therapy can alleviate patients' anxiety and sleep disorders, mindfulness therapy can treat patients' anxiety, depression and fear of cancer recurrence, and psychoeducational support is mainly used to address patients' mood disorders and sexual dysfunction. Improving patients' compliance with treatment and quality of life is the main goal of psychological intervention for breast cancer patients.

[An analysis of breast cancer patients with ultrasound BI-RADS 3 lesions after minimally invasive excision in clinicopathological features and influencing factors of residual tumor].

Objectives: To examine the clinicopathological characteristics and the influencing factors of the residual tumor of patients with Breast Image Report and Data System (BI-RADS) grade 3 lesions diagnosed with malignancy after minimally invasive excision. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, clinicopathological data of 69 cases, which had been evaluated as BI-RADS 3 lesions by ultrasound (4 151 cases) diagnosed with breast cancer by minimally invasive excision pathology, were analyzed between May 2012 and June 2016 at the Department of Breast Surgery of the Second Hospital of Shandong University and Linyi People's Hospital. All patients were female, aged (43.4±8.2) years (range: 22 to 70 years). Based on residual tumor after minimally invasive excision, patients were classified into two subgroups: tumor residual group (n=39) and non-tumor residual group (n=30). The clinicopathological features between the two groups were compared. The differences in clinicopathological characteristics were compared in different groups using the χ2 test and the t test. Potential variables identified in the univariate analysis and other relevant variables will be analyzed multivarially using Logistic regression models. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied for survival analysis and survival curves. Results: The breast cancer detection rate of ultrasound BI-RADS 3 lesions was 1.66% (69/4 151), and their maximum diameter of the masses was (1.27±0.45) cm (range: 0.5 to 2.3 cm). Among them, the maximum diameter were ≤1 cm in 28 cases and >1 cm in 41 cases. Histopathological results showed carcinoma in situ in 24 cases and invasive carcinoma in 41 cases, positive expression of the estrogen receptor in 47 cases, positive expression of the progesterone receptor in 43 cases, Ki-67 proliferation index elevated in 26 cases. Axillary metastasis positive rate was 10.1% (7/69). Residual tumor after minimally invasive surgery was found in 39 cases (56.5%). Univariate analysis showed that the tumour residual group showed a significantly increased rate of positive expression of the estrogen receptor (91.9%(34/37) vs. 61.9%(13/21), χ2=7.838, P=0.012). In multivariate analysis, the only variable found to significantly affect the residual tumor was the positive expression of the estrogen receptor (OR=16.852, 95%CI: 1.819 to 156.130, P=0.013). The 5-year disease-free survival rate of breast cancer patients with breast ultrasound BI-RADS 3 lesions was 97.1% and the overall survival rate was 98.6%. Conclusions: BI-RADS 3 lesions diagnosed by ultrasound undergoing ultrasound-guided minimally invasive excision have a certain risk of detected malignancy, approximately 1.66%. Patients with positive expression of the estrogen receptor are more likely to develop residual tumor. A secondary operation should be considered to ensure that no tumor residues remain in the cavity.

A first-principles-based high fidelity, high throughput approach for the design of high entropy alloys.

Here, we present a preselected small set of ordered structures (PSSOS) method, a first principles-based high fidelity (HF), high throughput (HT) approach, for fast screening of the large composition space of high entropy alloys (HEAs) to select the most energetically stable, single-phase HEAs. Taking quinary AlCoCrFeNi HEA as an example system, we performed PSSOS calculations on the formation energies and mass densities of 8801 compositions in both FCC and BCC lattices and selected five most stable FCC and BCC HEAs for detailed analysis. The calculation results from the PSSOS approach were compared with existing experimental and first-principles data, and the good agreement was achieved. We also compared the PSSOS with the special quasi-random structures (SQS) method, and found that with a comparable accuracy, the PSSOS significantly outperforms the SQS in efficiency, making it ideal for HF, HT calculations of HEAs.

[The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women: the methodology of population-based cohort and baseline characteristics].

Objective: Breast cancer has been the first cancer among women with the incidence increasing gradually. In September 2016, the Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women (BCCS-CW) was initiated, aiming to establish a standardized and sharable breast cancer-specific cohort by integrating the existing cohort resource and improving the quality of follow-up. The BCCS-CW may provide a research basis and platform for the precision prevention and treatment of breast cancer in etiology identification, prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction. Methods: We conducted a population-based perspective cohort by questionnaire interview, anthropometry, biological specimens, breast ultrasound and mammography. The cohort was followed by using regional health surveillance and ad hoc survey. Results: Finally, BCCS-CW included 112 118 women, in which 55 419 women completed the standardized investigation and blood specimens were collected from 54 304 women. The mean age of participants was 51.7 years old, 62.7% were overweight or obese, and 48.9% were menopausal. Conclusion: The BCCS-CW will provide population-based cohort resource and research platform for the precise prevention and treatment of breast cancer in Chinese women.

[The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women: research design and preliminary results of clinical multi-center cohort].

Objective: The incidence of breast cancer in Chinese women continues to rise. The large breast cancer cohort studies in China are relatively scarce. There are many bottlenecks in the construction of large clinical cohort for breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognoses, such as inconsistent standards, high rates of lost follow-up, repeated construction, and inability to share. To better solving the difficulties and problems faced by large-scale clinical cohort research in China, this project will cooperate with several tertiary A hospitals to establish a breast cancer cohort in Chinese women. It also provides a data platform and technical support for breast cancer multi-center clinical cohort research. Methods: Based on the evidence-based medicine and expert opinion and consensus, we established a breast cancer cohort standardized indicator set-recording baseline information, diagnosis and treatment-related information of the enrolled patients, and collecting biological specimens. According to the technical specification of long-term follow-up for the endpoint, data management, and data security and in the large population-based cohort study, a standardized follow-up system for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer prospective cohorts is formed. Results: Based on standardized data sets and the computer discipline's advantage from the University of Science and Technology Beijing, we integrate the new information technology methods, including dynamic information collection terminals and social networks. Thus, the quality of control programs on compliance and intelligence data was improved, and a Chinese women breast cancer cohort database was developed. By February 2020, 12 147 patients were included in the clinical cohort database. Biological specimens'resources in cohort construction were collected and cooperated with Shandong University to research the multi-center quality control system and shared evaluation system of biobanks. Building an open and shared biobank network and forming a full chain of breast cancer research platform. Conclusion: With the implementation of the "13(th) Five-Year Plan" precision medicine research, this study provides a research foundation for precision diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and provides data support for the country to formulate relevant medical policies.

[The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women: the construction and progress of the pan-shared biobank].

Objective: Biobank construction plays an irreplaceable role in the research of accurate prevention and treatment of diseases. Shared biobank network based on a large crowd queue is the way of the future. This subject is one of the key contents of national precision medicine "The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women: (BCCS-CW)" , aiming to solve the bottleneck of insufficient standardization and sharing. Methods: The establishment of "entity library-information library-extension library" , the widely Shared network of biobank of breast cancer specific disease cohort, and the establishment of strict standard setting and quality control standard to construct the standardized biobank. Results: This biobank provides a shared biobank resource for breast cancer risk assessment, prediction and early warning, early screening, classification, individualized treatment, efficacy and safety prediction and monitoring and other accurate prevention and treatment programs and clinical decision-making system research. Conclusion: The data of this biological sample bank is refined and complete, and the sample size of cases is sufficient, which can meet the research needs of medical big data, genomics, metabonomics, epigenetics and other fields.

[Clinical effects of concentrated growth factor combined with plasma albumin gel in treating facial depressed scar].

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with plasma albumin gel (PAG) in treating facial depressed scar. Methods: From January 2018 to June 2019, 14 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and 10 patients in Henan NO.3 Provincial People's Hospital with facial depressed scar who met the inclusion criteria were admitted, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed by the method of case-control study. Based on the method of treatment, 8 patients (4 males and 4 females) aged 28.50 (25.50, 31.50) years were enrolled in CGF alone group, 8 patients (3 males and 5 females) aged 32.00 (28.50, 35.00) years were enrolled in PAG alone group, and 8 patients (5 males and 3 females) aged 33.50 (29.00, 35.75) years were enrolled in CGF+ PAG group. Suitable amount of CGF, PAG, and CGF+ PAG (mixed at a ratio of 1.0∶1.0-1.0∶1.5) prepared from autologous blood were injected subcutaneously via a single or multiple entrance (s) into the depressed scar of patients in CGF alone, PAG alone, and CGF+ PAG groups respectively to fill up the concavity, once every 4 weeks for a total of 3 times. Before the first treatment (hereinafter referred to as before treatment) and 3 months after the last treatment (hereinafter referred to as after treatment), the Goodman & Baron Acne Scar Grading System was used for scar grading, and the difference was calculated; the Anxiety Self-Rating Scale was used to score anxiety, and the difference was calculated. The Visual Analogue Score was used to score pain immediately after the first treatment. By one, two, and three months after treatment, the patients' satisfaction to scar treatment was scored, and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was used to score the scar improvement. Adverse reaction of patients after treatment was monitored. Data were statistically analyzed with Fisher's exact probability test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni correction, and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Results: (1) The scars of patients in the three groups were all graded 4.00 (4.00, 4.00) before treatment (χ(2)<0.001, P>0.05). By three months after treatment, compared with 2.00 (1.25, 2.00) of CGF alone group, the scar grades of patients in PAG alone group and CGF+ PAG group (3.00 (2.00, 3.00) and 1.00 (1.00, 1.00), respectively) had no significant change (Z=2.199, 2.003, P>0.05). The scar grade of patients in CGF+ PAG group was significantly lower than that in PAG alone group (Z=3.229, P<0.01). Compared with those before treatment, the scar grades of patients in CGF alone group, PAG alone group, and CGF+ PAG group were significantly reduced three months after treatment (Z=2.588, 2.598, 2.640, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The difference in scar grade before and after the treatment was significantly higher in CGF+ PAG group than in PAG alone group (Z=3.229, P<0.01). (2) The anxiety scores of patients in the three groups were similar before treatment and 3 months after (χ(2)=2.551, 2.768, P>0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the anxiety scores of patients in CGF alone group, PAG alone group, and CGF+ PAG group were significantly reduced three months after treatment (Z=2.395, 2.527, 2.533, P<0.05). The differences in anxiety score before and after the treatment were similar among the three groups (χ(2)=1.796, P>0.05). (3) The pain scores of patients in the three groups were similar immediately after the first treatment (χ(2)=0.400, P>0.05). (4) By one and two month (s) after treatment, the patients' satisfaction scores to scar treatment in the three groups were similar (χ(2)=2.688, 5.989, P>0.05). By three months after treatment, the patients' satisfaction score to scar treatment in CGF+ PAG group was significantly higher than that in PAG alone group (Z=2.922, P<0.01). Compared with those one month after treatment within the same group, the patients' satisfaction scores to scar treatment in CGF alone group, PAG alone group, and CGF+ PAG group were significantly increased two and three months after treatment (Z=1.121, 2.392, 2.000, 2.828, 2.449, 2.598, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those two months after treatment within the same group, the patients' satisfaction scores to scar treatment in CGF alone group, PAG alone group, and CGF+ PAG group were significantly increased three months after treatment (Z=2.271, 2.000, 2.646, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) One month after treatment, the scar improvement scores of patients in the three groups were similar (χ(2)=4.438, P>0.05). Two months after treatment, the scar improvement scores of patients in CGF alone group and CGF+ PAG group were 2.00 (2.00, 2.75) and 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) point of PAG alone group (Z=3.303, 3.771, P<0.01). Three months after treatment, the scar improvement score of patients in CGF+ PAG group was 3.00 (3.00, 3.00) points, which was significantly higher than 2.00 (2.00, 2.75) points of CGF alone group and 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) points of PAG alone group (Z=2.450, 3.427, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those one month after treatment within the same group, the scar improvement scores of patients were significantly higher in CGF alone group and CGF+ PAG group two and three months after treatment and in PAG alone group three months after treatment (Z=2.828, 2.828, 2.530, 2.640, 2.121, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with that two months after treatment within the same group, the scar improvement score of patients in CGF+ PAG group was significantly higher three months after treatment (Z=2.449, P<0.05). (6) After injection, all patients in the three groups had slight redness and swelling at the needle prick point and no other adverse reactions. Conclusions: CGF combined with PAG can reduce the scar grading, anxiety of patients, and enhance patients' satisfaction and scar improvement in the treatment of patients with facial depressed scar. The combined CGF+ PAG injection, without significant adverse reactions, is better than single component injection and is worthy of clinical application.

[Determination of methyl ethyl ketone in urine by headspace gas chromatography].

Objective: To establish a method for determination of methyl ethyl ketone in urine by headspace gas chromatography. Methods: In the urine sample(hereinafter referred to as urine sample), methyl ethyl ketone is pretreated by headspace technology, and a certain amount of head air is injected into the gas chromatograph, separated by capillary column, detected by hydrogen flame ionization detector, and the retention time is qualitative and the peak height is high. Peak area. Results: Good linearity was in the range of 0.01 to 6.0 µg/ml with a regression equation of y=13.316x+0.8497 and γ=0.9997.The minimum detectable concentration of methyl ethyl ketone was 0.01 µg/ml. The range intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were 2.2%-5.5% and 2.5%-6.1% respectively. Urine samples can be stored for 20 days in the refrigerator at 4 ℃. Conclusion: The method has a high advantage of sensitivity and accuracy, and also easy to operate. Therefore, it is suitable for the determination of methyl ethyl ketone in urine.

Association between interleukin-17 genetic polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: Relevant case-control studies published up to July 2017 were searched. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to estimate the association. RESULTS: Eleven articles involving 4961 TB patients and 5435 healthy controls were selected. Four polymorphic sites were identified: IL-17A rs22275913, rs3748067 and rs3819024; and IL-17F rs763780. We found that the rs2275913 polymorphism was associated with reduced TB risk in Caucasians under the allelic model (A vs. G, OR 0.69, 95%CI 0.49-0.96; P = 0.03), heterogeneous model (AG vs. GG, OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.47-0.93; P = 0.02) and domain model (AA+AG vs. GG, OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.44-0.93; P = 0.02); rs3748067 was associated with increased TB risk in Asians under the homogeneous model (TT vs. CC, OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.03-1.79; P = 0.03) and recessive model (TT vs. CT+CC, OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.02-1.78; P = 0.03). Other genetic variants were not associated with TB risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the TT genotype of IL-17A rs3748067 might be a risk factor for TB in Asians; the A allele, as well as the AG and AA+AG genotypes of the rs2275913 polymorphism, might be protective against TB in Caucasians. Future studies with a large sample size are needed.

IFGFA: Identification of featured genes from genomic data using factor analysis.

In this study, a software tool (IFGFA) for identification of featured genes from gene expression data based on latent factor analysis was developed. Despite the availability of computational methods and statistical models appropriate for analyzing special genomic data, IFGFA provides a platform for predicting colon cancer-related genes and can be applied to other cancer types. The computational framework behind IFGFA is based on the well-established Bayesian factor and regression model and prior knowledge about the gene from OMIM. We validated the predicted genes by analyzing somatic mutations in patients. An interface was developed to enable users to run the computational framework efficiently through visual programming. IFGFA is executable in a Windows system and does not require other dependent software packages. This program can be freely downloaded at http://www.fupage.org/downloads/ifgfa.zip.

Effective-mass model and magneto-optical properties in hybrid perovskites.

Hybrid inorganic-organic perovskites have proven to be a revolutionary material for low-cost photovoltaic applications. They also exhibit many other interesting properties, including giant Rashba splitting, large-radius Wannier excitons, and novel magneto-optical effects. Understanding these properties as well as the detailed mechanism of photovoltaics requires a reliable and accessible electronic structure, on which models of transport, excitonic, and magneto-optical properties can be efficiently developed. Here we construct an effective-mass model for the hybrid perovskites based on the group theory, experiment, and first-principles calculations. Using this model, we relate the Rashba splitting with the inversion-asymmetry parameter in the tetragonal perovskites, evaluate anisotropic g-factors for both conduction and valence bands, and elucidate the magnetic-field effect on photoluminescence and its dependence on the intensity of photoexcitation. The diamagnetic effect of exciton is calculated for an arbitrarily strong magnetic field. The pronounced excitonic peak emerged at intermediate magnetic fields in cyclotron resonance is assigned to the 3D±2 states, whose splitting can be used to estimate the difference in the effective masses of electron and hole.

[Analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in human urine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer method].

OBJECTIVE: To develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer method for the rapid determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in human urines. METHODS: 8-OHdG standard solution with the concentration from 0.01 to 0.1 µg/ml was formulated. The solution was implanted into ion source with a rate of 7 µl/min, the mass-to-charge ratio of parent ion and product ions, and ion mass to charge ratio was identified. The mass spectrum parameters of each Ion pairs, such as DP, EP and EXP, were gradually optimized. The urine sample with a concentration of 10.0 µg/L was detected, and the pH of the sample was adjusted using 1 mol/L ammonium formate and formic acid solution with a volume ratio of 5∶1, 4∶1, 3∶1, 2∶1, and 1∶1. It was tested using three different polarity of SPE, i.e.: HLB, MCX, and MAX. The elution effect of methanol and water mixture with the proportion of 90∶10, 80∶20, 50: 50, 20: 80, and 10: 90 were tested, and then acetonitrile and water mixture with the proportion of 90∶10, 80∶20, 50∶50, 20∶80, 10∶90 were also tested. The standard curve was constructed using the ratio of a standard series application fluid concentration to corresponding compounds quantitative ion liquid concentration of the peak area. The detection limit was determined as 3 times of the signal to noise ratio corresponding to the concentration of 8-OHdG, and the quantitative lower limit was determined as 10 times of the signal to noise ratio corresponding to the concentration of 8-OHdG. The blank urine spiked recovery method was used to evaluate the precision and recovery rate. RESULTS: The mass to charge ratio of parent ion was 284.1 and the product ions was 168.1, 140.1, 123.0, and 112.0, respectively. The collision voltage of quantitative ion-pair 284.1/168.1 was 18 V, the 284.1/140.1 collision voltage was 42 V, the 284.1/123.0 collision voltage was 48 V, and the 284.1/112.0 collision voltage was 53 V. The recovery rate was the highest (87.9%-104.3%) when the pH of urine was adjusted by a 10 ml 1 mol/L ammonium formate solution, 2 ml of formic acid, 88 ml of water are mixed with the sample solution volume ratio of 1∶5, and then purified with 3 ml of methanol and 3 ml water activated HLB extraction column. Within 1.0-100.0 µg/L concentration range, 8-OHdG standard application solution test results showed a good linear relationship. The regression equation was y= 1.25x+0.74, and the correlation coefficient was r=0.999 5. The detection limit was 0.2 µg/L, and the limit of quantification was 0.7 µg/L. The method of recovery rate was in the range of 87.9% to 104.3%, the precision was in the range from 1.5% to 3.7% and inter-assay precision was in the range from 1.6% to 5.4%. CONCLUSION: The method developed in this study had high sensitivity, good precision and accuracy, and a wide range of testing concentrations.

Polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering in ultrathin Ag nanodisks with high transmission.

We demonstrate a TE/TM polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering scheme employing ultrathin two-dimensional Ag nanodisks. These TE/TM polarization-independent subtractive color filters exhibit small feature sizes (below 200 nm) and high transmission up to 70% in the visible spectral region, superior to previously reported plasmonic color filters. Simulated optical transmission spectra and colors are in good agreement with experimental results. The color-filtering behaviors strongly depend on thickness and period of nanodisks. Underlying mechanisms are also discussed in detail.

Pharmacokinetics studies of enrofloxacin injectable in situ forming gel in dogs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of enrofloxacin (ENR) injectable in situ gel we developed in dogs following a single intramuscular (i.m.) administration. Twelve healthy dogs were randomly divided into two groups (six dogs per group), then administrated a single 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) ENR injectable in situ gel and a single 5 mg/kg b.w. ENR conventional injection, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine ENR plasma concentrations. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ENR injectable in situ gel and conventional injection in dogs are as follows: MRT (mean residence time) (45.59 ± 14.05) h verse (11.40 ± 1.64) h, AUC (area under the blood concentration vs. time curve) (28.66 ± 15.41) µg·h/mL verse (11.06 ± 3.90) µg·h/mL, cmax (maximal concentration) (1.59 ± 0.35) µg/mL verse (1.46 ± 0.07) µg/mL, tmax (time needed to reach cmax ) (1.25 ± 1.37) h verse (1.40 ± 0.55) h, t1/2λz (terminal elimination half-life) (40.27 ± 17.79) h verse (10.32 ± 0.97) h. The results demonstrated that the in situ forming gel system could increase dosing interval of ENR and thus reduced dosing frequency during long-term treatment. Therefore, the ENR injectable in situ gel seems to be worth popularizing in veterinary clinical application.

PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF METADHERIN AND SENSIBILITY OF BREAST CANCER MDA-MB-231 CELLS TO TREATMENT BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSFECTION.

Breast cancer tends to have an increasing mortality, severely threatening the health of females. The invasion and metastasis of breast cancer are the leading causes of death. It has been reported that breast cancer is caused by the activation of a series of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of anti-oncogenes. In the present study, Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression level of metadherin before and after transfecting MDA-MB-231 cells to identify the effect, while the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to 1 mg/L doxorubicin and 8mg/L taxol was measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The results demonstrated that mRNA and protein expression level of metadherin both improved after transfection. The inhibition effect of 1 mg/L doxorubicin and 8 mg/L taxol on breast cancer cells decreased after transfection. Detected by flow cytometry, the apoptosis rate of breast cancer cells was 39.68±0.42%, 20.64±0.55%, respectively, under the effect of 1 mg/L doxorubicin; while under the effect of 8 mg/L taxol, the rate was 24.89±0.41% and 13.8±0.63%, respectively. Thus the inhibition effects of 1 mg/L doxorubicin and 8mg/L taxol to breast cancer cells and their effects on apoptosis were different, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Based on the statistics on the expression level of metadherin after transfecting breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and the exploration of the sensitivity of the cells to treatment, the effect of metadherin on breast cancer MDA-MB-232 cells was proved.

Spin Hall Effect in Disordered Organic Solids.

We study the spin Hall effect (SHE) in disordered π-conjugated organic solids, where individual molecules are oriented randomly and electrical conduction is via carrier hopping. The SHE, which arises from interference between direct (i→j) and indirect (i→k→j) hoppings in a triad consisting of three molecules i, j, and k, is found to be proportional to λ(n(i)×n(j)+n(j)×n(k)+n(k)×n(i)), where λ is the spin admixture of π electrons due to the spin-orbit coupling and n(i) is the orientation vector of molecule i. Electrical conductivity σ(qq) (q=x,y,z) and spin Hall conductivity σ(sh) are computed by numerically solving the master equations of a system containing 32×32×32 molecules and summing over contributions from all triads in the system. The obtained value of the spin Hall angle Θ(sh) is consistent with experimental data in PEDOT: PSS, with a predicted temperature dependence of logΘ(sh)∼T(-1/4).

Study of pharmacokinetics of an in situ forming gel system for controlled delivery of florfenicol in pigs.

To reduce florfenicol (FFC) administration frequency in veterinary use, the drug was currently developed into in situ forming gel. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups (six pigs per group). A single i.m. dose of 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given to pigs, group one was given FFC in situ forming gel, and group two was given FFC conventional injection. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine FFC plasma concentrations. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between FFC in situ forming gel and conventional injection, in pharmacokinetic parameters MRT (mean retention time) (57.79 ± 2.88) h versus (15.94 ± 1.29) h, AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) (421.54 ± 8.97) µg·h/mL versus (168.16 ± 4.59) µg·h/mL, tmax (time of occurrence of cmax ) (9.00 ± 2.68) h versus (4.33 ± 0.82) h, cmax (maximum plasma concentration) (6.87 ± 0.66) µg/mL versus (12.01 ± 0.66) µg/mL, t1/2λz (terminal elimination half-life) (38.04 ± 2.20) h versus (9.15 ± 2.71) h. The results demonstrated that the in situ forming gel system could shorten dosing interval of FFC and thus achieved less frequent administration during long-term treatment.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an in situ forming gel system for sustained delivery of Florfenicol.

The objective of this study was to develop an injectable in situ forming gel system based on Poloxamer for sustained release of Florfenicol (FFC). The formulations were prepared containing certain amounts of Poloxamer 407 (P407) and Poloxamer 188 (P188) alone or with hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as polymer additives. The optimal formulation was chosen according to in vitro parameters (gelation temperature, gelation time, pH value, viscosity, and in vitro release). Then the FFC in vivo pharmacokinetic character of the optimal formulation was investigated in dogs with a single dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. under s.c. injection. In vitro release studies, all formulations containing polymer additives had prolonged release time and decreased initial burst to some extent. The optimal formulation containing 0.15% HPMC showed a best sustained release profile for about 128 h with the lowest initial burst in vitro (<40% in 24 h). In vivo, the 20% FFC in situ forming gel provided prolonged drug release time within the therapeutic range for about 100 h, with stable plasma levels and elimination half-life (t1/2λz ) nine times higher than the control formulation. In conclusion, in situ forming gel is an attractive alternative for FFC sustained release system.

Impurity-band transport in organic spin valves.

The central phenomenon in the field of organic spintronics is the large magnetoresistance in thick organic spin valves. A prerequisite for understanding the magnetoresistance is a reliable description of the device resistance, or the I-V characteristics. Here I show that the observed I-V characteristics in the organic spin valves is incompatible with charge injection into the organic's lowest unoccupied molecular orbital or highest occupied molecular orbital but can be explained by electrons tunnelling into a broad impurity band located in the gap between these molecular orbitals. Voltage drop takes place mainly across depletion layers at the two electrode/organic interfaces, giving rise to electrode-limited charge transport. Spin-dependent electron tunnelling into the impurity band from the ferromagnetic electrodes results in spin accumulations inside the organic, which rapidly diffuses through the organic primarily via the exchange between impurity-band electrons. This picture explains the major magnetoresistance features and predicts enhanced capacitance in these devices.

Suppression of the Hanle effect in organic spintronic devices.

We study carrier spin transport under a transverse magnetic field in organic structures. In organics, carriers are localized polarons and charge transport is via polaron hopping. Spin transport, however, can utilize the exchange coupling between localized polarons, which can be much faster than polaron hopping and rapidly increases with the carrier density. Consequently, a much stronger magnetic field is needed to modify spin polarization and observe the Hanle effect than estimated from the carrier mobility, which can help with the understanding of recent Hanle measurements in organic spin valves. The exchange-induced spin transport also greatly mitigates the conductivity mismatch between ferromagnets and organics, enabling spin injection into organics.