Anti-HMG-CoA Reductase, Anti-diabetic, Anti-urease, Anti-tyrosinase and Anti-leukemia Cancer Potentials of Panicolin as a Natural Compound:In vitro and in silico Study.

Flavonoid compounds are a group of polyphenolic molecules that are in vegetables, fruit, and grain. Laboratory studies and epidemiological investigations have indicated diverse beneficial biochemical properties of flavonoids, including anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-osteoporosis. We have recorded results for the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase and urease enzymes at the µM level. In this search, inhibition results of Panicolin on HMG-CoA reductase and tyrosinase enzymes recorded lower values of 113.98±14.38 and 2.57±0.20 µg /mL, respectively. Additionally, inhibition results of Panicolin on urease and α-amylase showed good values of 64.20±7.43 and 15.92±2.81 µg/mL, respectively. The chemical activities of panicolin against α-amylase, urease, tyrosinase, and HMG-CoA reductase, were determined by performing the molecular modeling study. The anti-cancer activities of panicolin were investigated against HL-60, THP-1, K562, and Molt-4 cell lines and IC50 values of Panicolin on these cell lines were obtained 12.94±1.04, 63.17±5.81, 15.05±1.02, and 10.84±0.65 µg/mL, respectively. The chemical activities of this compound against some of the expressed surface receptor proteins (Platelet-activating factor receptor, CD13, transferrin receptor, and CD44) in the cell lines were evaluated using molecular modeling calculations. The results revealed the possible interactions and their features at an atomic level. The docking scores suggested that panicolin has a significant binding affinity to the enzymes and proteins. Moreover, this compound constructed strong contacts with the enzymes and receptors. Therefore, panicolin could be a potential inhibitor for enzymes and cancer cells.

Step-doped disulfide vacancies and functional groups synergistically enhance photocatalytic activity of S-scheme Cu3SnS4/L-BiOBr towards ciprofloxacin degradation.

Development of efficient photocatalysts for efficient recalcitrant organic pollutants degradation is of great significance. Herein, the step-doped disulfide vacancies S-scheme Cu3SnS4/L-BiOBr (CTS/L-BiOBr) heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, ultraviolet photo-electron spectroscopy (UPS) analysis, band structure and dominant radicals' identification together verified that the transfer of photogenerated carriers conformed to the S-scheme mechanism. Benefited from the interfacial electric field (IEF) of the S-scheme heterojunction and incorporation of L-cysteine with introducing S-vacancies and surface functional groups (-NH2, -COO-), photogenerated charges generation and separation of the CTS/L-BiOBr(10) were greatly improved. With ·OH and h+ as dominant reactive species, CIP removal reached 93% using CTS/L-BiOBr(10) within 180 min of visible light irradiation, which was 3.5 times and 2.6 times of pristine Cu3SnS4 and L-BiOBr, respectively. Moreover, possible CIP degradation pathways were proposed and the degradation intermediates ecotoxicity were evaluated. This study could provide reference for designing efficient S-scheme photocatalysts for recalcitrant wastewater treatment.