[Clinical research on the arthroscopic treatment for recurrent patellar dislocation by anatomical reconstruction of medial patellarfemoral ligament].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of arthroscopic treatment for recurrent patellar dislocation by anatomical reconstruction of medial patellarfemoral ligament. METHODS: From June 2009 to December 2014, 25 patients with recurrent patellar dislocation were treated with anatomical reconstruction of medial patellarfemoral ligament surgery under arthroscopy. There were 10 males and 15 females, with an average age of 18.4 years old (ranged, 15 to 25 years old ). There were 15 patients who had a medical history of sports injury, 7 patients had a chronic impairment history, and the other 3 patients had the symptoms without obvious predisposing causes. Fourteen patients had injuries on the right knee and 11 patients had injuries on the left knee. All the patients suffered from patellar dislocation 3 to 10 times. After operation, the exercise of knee joint were performed postoperatively. The knee range of motion, Lysholm score, Kujala score, Insall criteria, Patellar apprehension test and patellar grinding test were observed to evaluate the clinical effects. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 48 months, with an average of 24.8 months. After surgery, all the wounds were healed excellent and there were no complications like surgical incision infection or patellar redislocation. The ranges of motion was increased from preoperative (105.40±5.93)° to postoperative(122.60±5.42)°. At the latest follow-up, the Lysholm scores were increased from preoperative 64.12±7.49 to postoperative 91.44±5.53, the Kujala scores were increased from preoperative 57.88±5.10 to postoperative 92.44±2.69. According to the Insall criteria, 19 patients got an excellent result, 5 good and 1 fair. CONCLUSIONS: It has a satisfactory clinical therapeutic effect on anatomical reconstruction of medial patellarfemoral ligament under arthroscopy for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation. It is helpful for the relief of clinical symptoms and improvement of knee joint function.

Historical development and future perspectives of Environmental Specimen Bank in China: a mini review.

Environmental problems as well as their related ecosystem stress and human health risk in China have raised wide concerns along with the rapid economic development in recent years. Numerous studies with a sharp increase in publication number have addressed the ubiquitous of anthropogenic chemicals in various environmental compartments and human tissues. However, very few data were available to clarify the temporal trend and to give the retrospective analysis of chemical pollution in China. Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) is a system for the systematic collection and long-term storage of specimens, which has been established since the 1970s in developed counties and recognized as a fundamental complement for environmental monitoring and scientific research. Currently, the value of ESB is becoming more broadly recognized globally, and China is still at the early stage. This article described the history and status and put forwarded the future key points of Chinese ESB development for illustrating the intensive environmental changes in China and the world.

The time-dependent hormetic effects of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and their mixtures on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. -Q67.

The hormetic effects of ionic liquids (ILs) were paid more ecological attentions. However, the time-dependent hormetic effects of ILs and their mixtures remained to be studied. In this paper, the time-dependent toxicities of five single ILs, 1-ethyl-, 1-butyl-, 1-hexyl-, 1-octyl-, and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides (named as [C2mim]Cl, [C4mim]Cl, [C6mim]Cl, [C8mim]Cl, and [C12mim]Cl, respectively), and their five-component mixtures to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 were determined at five exposure time points. For single ILs, [C2mim]Cl displayed significant hormetic effects at 2, 4, 8, and 12h; and [C4mim]Cl exhibited significant hormetic effects at 4, 8 and 12h; while [C6mim]Cl, [C8mim]Cl and [C12mim]Cl have not significant hormetic effects. At the same time point, the longer the side chain is, the larger the inhibition at high concentration is, and the less the stimulation at low concentration is. Meanwhile, the maximum stimulation effects were found between 4 and 8h. All six IL mixtures designed by uniform design ray showed significant hormetic effects at 8 and 12h. By means of the variable selection and modeling method based on the prediction (VSMP), it was found that the higher the concentration of [C2mim]Cl is, the stronger the mixture hormetic effect is and the higher the concentration of [C12mim]Cl is, the weaker the hormetic effect is.

Time-dependent hormetic effects of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67: luminescence, redox reactants and antioxidases.

The green credentials of ionic liquids (ILs) are being challenged due to the increasing evidence of their toxicity. The hormetic effects further raised their ecological concern. However, it remained poorly studied on the time-dependent changes of the hormetic effects and the mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the time-dependent hormetic effects of four 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([amim]Br), including 1-ethyl ([emim]Br), -butyl ([bmim]Br), -hexyl ([hmim]Br) and -octyl ([omim]Br), on the luminescence of Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. The results showed that [amim]Br with shorter side chains, [emim]Br and [bmim]Br, caused obvious hormetic time-dependent toxicities. The effective concentration (EC) values for the hormetic effects of [emim]Br and [bmim]Br increased with time. [amim]Br with longer side chains, [hmim]Br and [omim]Br, produced sigmoid concentration-dependent inhibitions on the luminescence, and the EC50 values almost unchanged. To illustrate the mechanism, we subsequently examined the responses of redox reactants and antioxidases. [emim]Br and [bmim]Br significantly induced FMN (flavin mononucleotide), NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase), and the inductions increased with time, which is similar to the time-dependent changes of their hormetic effects on Q67. Meanwhile, [hmim]Br and [omim]Br did not cause significant effects on the redox reactants and antioxidases. In conclusion, the hormetic effects of [amim]Br on the luminescence, redox reactants and antioxidases showed the dependence on both exposure time and side chains. Our findings provided insights into the time-dependent biological process of the hormetic effects of [emim]Br and [bmim]Br on the photobacterium and its biochemical indicators.

Toxic and recovery effects of copper on Caenorhabditiselegans by various food-borne and water-borne pathways.

Copper pollutions are typical heavy metal contaminations, and their ability to move up food chains urges comprehensive studies on their effects through various pathways. Currently, four exposure pathways were prescribed as food-borne (FB), water-borne plus clean food (WCB), water-food-borne (WFB) and water-borne (WB). Caenorhabditiselegans was chosen as the model organism, and growth statuses, feeding abilities, the amounts of four antioxidant enzymes, and corresponding recovery effects under non-toxic conditions with food and without food were investigated. Based on analysis results, copper concentrations in exposure were significantly influenced by the presence of food and its uptake by C.elegans. Both exposure and recovery effects depended on exposure concentrations and food conditions. For exposure pathways with food, feeding abilities and growth statuses were generally WFBFB>WCB>WFB (p<0.05), while the antioxidant activities were all inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion. In conclusion, contaminated food was the primary exposure pathway, and various pathways caused different responses of C.elegans.

Significant contributions of ionic liquids containing tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate to antagonisms and synergisms in multi-component mixtures.

Recent toxicity studies on ionic liquids (ILs) are challenging their postulation as green solvents. Previous reports on mixtures containing ILs make it urgent to reveal the responsible components for the toxicity interactions. For that purpose, eight ILs, four consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([emim]) and the others of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim]), were selected as mixture components. The concentrations of eight ILs in mixtures were set up by the uniform design. The inhibition toxicities of single ILs and mixtures to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 were determined by microplate toxicity analysis. Combined toxicity was evaluated by the difference between the effects observed and predicted by the concentration addition model. Using the variable selection and modeling method based on the prediction (VSMP), it was found that the antagonism/synergism induced by the mixtures of eight ILs was related to [emim]BF(4)/[emim]CF(3)SO(3). To further illustrate the toxicity interactions, eight ILs were split into two mixture groups, one containing four [emim]-based ILs and the other four [bmim]-based ILs. The [emim]-group exhibited synergism while [bmim]-group resulted in antagonism. It was interesting that both the synergism and antagonism well related to the concentration ratio of ILs with BF(4)(-). When ILs with BF(4)(-) were deleted from corresponding mixtures, the toxicity interactions (synergism/antagonism) disappeared.

The effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters and adrenergic receptors on liver fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters and adrenergic receptors on liver fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mice were infestated with schistosoma by means of pasting cercariae on their abdomens. Thirty mice were randomly divided into a control group and a model group. Hematoxylin eosin and Van Gieson staining were used to view the histopathology of their livers. Immunofluorescence histochemistry and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to measure the a1A and beta2 adrenergic receptors in livers of the two groups of mice. High performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) was used to determine the concentration of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in the plasma of the mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that a1A and beta2 receptors were present in hepatocytes and hepatic sinusoids of the livers of the mice of the two groups, but there were many more in the livers of the schistosoma infected mice (t=-2.888; t=-6.648) (P<0.05). The results of HPLC-ECD showed that the levels of NE and DA in the model group were higher than those of the control group (t=-3.372; t=-4.428) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sympathetic neurotransmitters and adrenergic receptors may participate in liver fibrogenesis in mice infected with schistosoma.</p>

Inhibition of proliferation, adhesion and invasion ability of human lung carcinoma cell A549 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) / 生物工程学报

We constructed prokaryotic expression vectors for different domains of TACE gene and expressed the fusion proteins, so as to explore their effects on the proliferation, adhesion and invasion potential of tumor cells in vitro. The total RNA was isolated from THP1 cell. TACE cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and subcloned into pMD18-T vector to construct pMD-18T-TACE vector. The different cDNA fragment of TACE were amplified from plasmid pMD-18T-TACE and then cloned into pET-28a( + ) to construct expression vector pET28a( + )- 300, pET28a( + )-T800, and pET28a( + )-T1300, which respectively transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of His-tagged fusion proteins were induced with IPTG and purified through BBST NTA resin. The proliferation ability was examined by MTT assay. The adhesive and invasive ability were examined by plated adhesion model and Transwell assay. The protein pET28a( + )-T300 and pET28a( + )-T1300 can reduce the proliferation, adhesion and invasion ability of human lung carcinoma cell A549 in vitro, but otherwise the protein pET28a( + )-T800 had not shown the inhibitive function. The fusion protein of disintegrin domain of TACE have the similar biological function to other disintegrins, which can be used for further research on function of TACE in inflammation and tumor.

Effect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on intracellular gsh level in Raji cells during oxidative stress / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To explore a role of G6PD in replenishment of intracellular GSH during oxidative stress.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vitro Raji cell was cultured, intracellular GSH levels and G6PD, GR, GPX activities were determined at different time points after PMS treatment when G6PD activity was inhibited or not by DHEA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intracellular GR, GPX, G6PD activities elevated significantly combined with GSH level decreased dramatically before 30 minutes, replenished gradually after 30 minutes and restore normal levels about 6 h after PMS treatment when G6PD was not inhibited. No change in GR and significant increase in GPX activity were shown following depleted GSH after PMS treatment when G6PD was inhibited by DHEA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>G6PD contributes to replenish intracellular GSH and is a critical factor regulating GSH levels during oxidative stress.</p>

Screening of TACE peptide inhibitors from a phage display random 15-peptide library by recombinant TACE ecotodomain / 生物工程学报

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is the major protease responsible for processing proTNF from membrane-anchored precursor into secreted TNF-alpha. It was validated that TACE is involved in many diseases such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimers, therefore it represents a novel and significant target for therapeutic intervention in a variety of inflammatory and neuroimmunological diseases. To obtain the recombinant TACE ectodomain and use it as a selective molecule for the screening of TACE peptide inhibitors, the cDNA coded for catalytic domain (T800) and full-length ectodomain (T1300) of TACE were amplified by RT-PCR, the expression plasmid was constructed by inserting T800/T1300 into plasmid pET-28a/pET-28c and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis revealed that T800/T1300 was highly expressed in the form of inclusion body being induced by IPTG. After Ni2+ -NTA resin affinity chromatography, the purity of the recombinant T800/T1300 protein was more than 90%. T800 and T1300 protein were used in the screening of TACE-binding peptides from the phage display random 15-peptide library. After four rounds of biopanning, the positive phage clones were analyzed by ELISA, competitive inhibition assay and DNA sequencing. A common amino acid sequence-TRWLVYFSRPYLVAT was found and synthesized. The synthetic peptide was shown to bind to TACE and inhibit the TNF-alpha release from LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) up to 60.3%. FACS analysis revealed that the peptide mediated the accumulation of TNF-alpha on LPS-stimulated PBMC surface. These results demonstrate that the TACE-binding peptide is an effective antagonist of TACE and the deduced motif might be applied to molecular design of anti-inflammation drugs.