ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This article reports the effects of proenkephalin (PENK) on osteosarcoma (OS) cell migration. METHODS: A Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OS tumor samples and normal human osteoblasts. Tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue were collected from 40 OS patients. MG63 cells were transfected with si-PENK. Transwell migration assays and wound healing assays were performed to compare the effect of PENK on migration. Moreover, LY294002 was used to identify the potential mechanism. Gene expression was examined via qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis revealed that PENK was downregulated in OS tumor samples compared with normal human osteoblasts. Moreover, PENK was identified as the hub gene of the DEGs. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was significantly enriched in the DEGs. Moreover, PENK was downregulated in OS and MG63 cells compared with the corresponding control cells. Silencing PENK promoted MG63 cell migration; however, treatment with LY294002 partially attenuated PENK silencing-induced OS cell migration. CONCLUSION: PENK inhibits OS cell migration by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/metabolism , Cell Movement , Enkephalins/physiology , Osteosarcoma/metabolism , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Protein Precursors/physiology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Adult , Blotting, Western , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/physiology , Enkephalins/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Male , Osteoblasts/metabolism , Osteosarcoma/pathology , Protein Precursors/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Young AdultABSTRACT
A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and straight to slightly curved long rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated XSD2T, was isolated from coastal seawater of Xiaoshi Island, PR China. The cells were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and non-flagellated. Strain XSD2T was found to grow at 20-40 °C (optimum, 33 °C), at pH 6.0-8.5 (pH 7.0-7.5) and with 1-5â% (w/v) NaCl (3â%). Carotenoid pigments were produced. The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0â%) were iso-C15â:â0, iso-C16â:â0 3-OH and C17â:â1ω6c and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 44.1 mol%. The result of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the affiliation of this organism to the order Marinilabiliales, family Prolixibacteraceae, with Mariniphaga sediminis SY21T as its closest relative with only 93.6â% sequence similarity. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strain XSD2T (=KCTC 62994T=MCCC 1H00347T) represents a novel species of a novel genus in the family Prolixibacteraceae, for which the name Maribellus luteus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.
