ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic in Huangpu District of Shanghai, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to study the suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported from January 21 through March 10, 2020 in Huangpu District, Shanghai. Results A total of 120 suspected cases of COVID-19 were reported, of which 12 were diagnosed and 108 were excluded.The first confirmed case was reported on January 21, and the last case was on February 10; the majority (11/12) of the confirmed cases were reported from January 21 through February 1.The average duration of time from the symptom onset to the first medical visit was 2.6 days, whereas the average duration from the first medical visit to the hospital diagnosis was 2.2 days.There were 15 suspected cases with a confirmed history of residence or tourism in Wuhan, in which 6 were confirmed cases.Moreover, 5 suspected cases had a confirmed history of contact with other confirmed cases, in which 3 were confirmed cases.Thus, exposure in Wuhan and exposure to confirmed cases were the most significant risk factors at this stage of the epidemic. Conclusion The 12 cases identified in Huangpu District of Shanghai are all adults, half of whom had confirmed history of exposure in Wuhan.The first cluster of COVID-19 cases in Shanghai is documented in Huangpu District.Epidemiological investigation reveals that the confirmed cases might be infectious the day before the symptom onset.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the feasibility for modeling and forecasting outpatient consulta-tionrate of influenza-like illness ( ILI ) in Huangpu District of Shanghai . Methods ILI consultation rates from the first week of 2011 to the 52 th week of 2014 were collected through the National Influenza Surveillance Information System .SAS 9.3 was used to establish an optimal ARIMA model of ILI data .The forecasting ability of the ARIMA model was afterwards evaluated by using data from the first to the sixth week in 2015 . Results ARIMA ( 1 ,0 ,0 ) was identified as the final model in fitting outpatient vising rate of ILI with stable and white noise residual .Model validation showed that the real outpatient-visiting rate of ILI all fell in the 95%confidence interval of the predictive values . Conclusion ARIMA (1,0, 0 ) could be used in the forecast of ILI consultation rates in Huangpu District of Shanghai .
ABSTRACT
[Objective] To explore and evaluate the mode of integrated intervention in diabetic eye disease by general service team . [ Methods ] Integrated intervention for prevention and treatment of blindness and health education were carried out by general service team through a 2-year prospective co-hort study .The evaluation was made with the indicators such as mastery of health knowledge , ability of dis-ease management , laboratory parameters change , vision improvement and changes of diabetic retinopathy . [ Results] It was found that 8 items on health knowledge , 6 items on ability of disease management , 3 laboratory parameters and condition in the control of visual impairment and diabetic retinopathy were all better in the intervention group than in the control group . [ Conclusion] The effect of integrated intervention mode is significant by general practitioners and specialists participating in chronic disease prevention network .
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Differential gene expression profiles between normal bladder mucosas and bladder transitional cell carcinomas TCC were detected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cDNA microarrays were prepared by spotting PCR products of 12,800 human genes onto specially treated glass slides. The cDNA probes were prepared by labeling normal bladder mucosa mRNA and TCC tissue mRNA with Cy3-dUTP and Cy5-dUTP respectively through reverse transcription. The arrays were then hybridized against the cDNA probe mixture and the fluorescent signals were scanned. The ratios of Cy5/Cy3 were computed. Northern analysis was used to confirm the results of microarray hybridization. RESULTS: Eighty-three genes (0.65%), whose ratios of Cy5/Cy3 were greater than 4.0 or less than 0.25, were screened out after 10 groups of hybridization. In the cancerous tissues 28 of them showed higher expression and 55 lower. Twenty-three genes are unregistered in GenBank. These differentially expressed genes are always involved in the physiological processes such as signal transduction, apoptosis and cell cycle, etc. CONCLUSIONS: This technique provides a powerful method for quantitative analysis of the expression levels of thousands of genes in parallel, and is used to identify genes involved in TCC carcinogenesis. The data obtained by this means are comparable to those obtained by other methods. Using cDNA microarrays to define alterations in gene expression associated with a specific cancer may be an efficient way to uncover the clues to specific molecular derangements that account for its pathogenesis and thus identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
