Construção da Afetividade no Exercício do Convívio Grupal / Construction of Affectivity on the Exercise of Group Conviviality / Construcción de la Afectividad en el Ejercicio de la Convivencia Grupal

O artigo discorre sobre a afetividade e as emoções sob o enfoque da neurociênciae do paradigma consciencial objetivando o convívio grupal. O objetivo do trabalhoé apresentar elementos para promover o estudo e a construção da afetividade no exercí-cio do convívio grupal visando a interassistencialidade sadia. Foi feita revisão bibliográficasobre o tema e a experiência da autora no seu processo de autopesquisa. Foramanalisados contextos pessoais utilizando o mapa mental para autocompreensão e autoinvestigaçãointraconsciencial. O texto aborda as bases emocionais cognitivas, a autoafetividadee relaciona as imaturidades que dificultam a expressão da afetividade. A autorasugere estratégias ou posturas facilitadoras para a construção da afetividade no exercíciodo convívio grupal, finalizando com a exposição de diferentes tipos de relacionamentonos quais a pessoa convive(AU)

The article talks about the affectivity and emotions under the neuroscience focus andof consciential paradigm aiming the in-group conviviality. The objective of the work isto present elements to promote the study and the construction of the affectivity in the exerciseof the in-group conviviality seeking the healthy interassistantiality. The usedmethodology was the bibliographical revision of the theme and the author's experiencein its self-research process. Personal contexts were analyzed using the mental map forself-comprehension and intraconsciential self-investigation. The text approaches thecognitive emotional bases, the self-affectivity and it relates to the immaturities that hinderthe expression of affectivity. The author suggests strategies or facilitative posturesfor the construction of affectivity in the exercise of the in-group conviviality, concludingwith the exhibition of different types of relationship that a person lives(AU)

El artículo discurre sobre la afectividad y las emociones con enfoque en la neurocienciay el paradigma conciencial relacionados a la convivencia grupal. El objetivo delpresente trabajo es presentar elementos para promover el estudio y la construcción de laafectividad en el ejercicio de la convivencia grupal relativas a la interasistencialidadsana. La metodología usada fue la revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema y la experienciade la autora durante el proceso de autoinvestigación. Fueron analizados contextos personalesutilizando el mapa mental para la autocomprensión y autoinvestigación intraconciencial.El texto aborda la base emocional cognitiva, la autoafectividad y relaciona las inmadurecesque dificultan la expresión de la afectividad. La autora sugiere estrategiaso posturas facilitadoras para la construcción de la afectividad en el ejercicio de la convivenciagrupal, finalizando con la exposición de los diferentes tipos de relaciones con loscuales la persona convive(AU)

Regulation of neurogenesis and gliogenesis of retinoic acid-induced P19 embryonal carcinoma cells by P2X2 and P2X7 receptors studied by RNA interference.

Embryonic carcinoma cells are widely used models for studying the mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation occurring during early embryogenesis. We have now investigated how down-regulation of P2X2 and P2X7 receptor expression by RNA interference (RNAi) affects neural differentiation and phenotype specification of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Wild-type P19 embryonal carcinoma cells or cells stably expressing shRNAs targeting P2X2 or P2X7 receptor expression were induced to differentiate into neurons and glial cells in the presence of retinoic acid. Silencing of P2X2 receptor expression along differentiation promoted cell proliferation and an increase in the percentage of cells expressing glial-specific GFAP, while the presence of beta-3 tubulin-positive cells diminished at the same time. Proliferation induction in the presence of stable anti-P2X2 receptor RNAi points at a mechanism where glial proliferation is favored over growth arrest of progenitor cells which would allow neuronal maturation. Differently from the P2X2 receptor, inhibition of P2X7 receptor expression during neural differentiation of P19 cells resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and GFAP expression, suggesting the need of functional P2X7 receptors for the progress of gliogenesis. The results obtained in this study indicate the importance of purinergic signaling for cell fate determination during neural differentiation, with P2X2 and P2X7 receptors promoting neurogenesis and gliogenesis, respectively. The shRNAs down-regulating P2X2 or P2X7 receptor gene expression, developed during this work, present useful tools for studying mechanisms of neural differentiation in other stem cell models.

New insights into purinergic receptor signaling in neuronal differentiation, neuroprotection, and brain disorders.

Ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y purinergic receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and participate in the synaptic process particularly associated with acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate neurotransmission. As a result of activation, the P2 receptors promote the elevation of free intracellular calcium concentration as the main signaling pathway. Purinergic signaling is present in early stages of embryogenesis and is involved in processes of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The use of new techniques such as knockout animals, in vitro models of neuronal differentiation, antisense oligonucleotides to induce downregulation of purinergic receptor gene expression, and the development of selective inhibitors for purinergic receptor subtypes contribute to the comprehension of the role of purinergic signaling during neurogenesis. In this review, we shall discuss the participation of purinergic receptors in developmental processes and in brain physiology, including neuron-glia interactions and pathophysiology.