ABSTRACT
Cancer patients with autoimmune disease (AID) are usually excluded from clinical trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The available electronic databases were systematically searched from inception until July 3, 2022. We recorded the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) data of included studies. This meta-analysis included 14 studies comprising 11511 participants; however, only 8716 participants were treated with ICI. Therefore, the analysis was conducted on 8716 patients (769 patients with AID compared to 7947 patients without AID). The pooled risk ratio (RR) for any grade and grade ≥3 irAEs was 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-2.37) and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.10-1.88), respectively. The irAEs in the same system as that of the AID were referred to as AID-homogeneous irAEs; in the other cases, there were referred to as AID-heterogeneous irAEs. Subgroup analysis found that the higher risk of AID-homogeneous irAEs contributed to the higher risk of overall irAEs among patients with AID. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and OS was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96-1.24) and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.94-1.22), respectively. The results of PFS and OS subgroup analyses matched the overall results. Patients with AID had a significantly higher risk of developing any grade and ≥3 grade irAEs under ICI therapy, specifically AID-homogeneous irAEs; however, the frequency of AID-heterogeneous irAEs in patients with AID was similar to irAEs in patients without AID. No statistically significant differences in PFS and OS were observed between the two groups.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological , Autoimmune Diseases , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Neoplasms , Humans , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy , Autoimmune Diseases/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Mussels, randomly collected from fish markets in China, were analyzed by a semi-nested PCR to detect B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii. Out of the 2215 samples, fifty-five (2.48%) were detected T. gondii-positive. The prevalence in Shandong province, Liaoning province and Zhejiang province were 2.51%, 2.26% and 2.69%, respectively. T. gondii oocysts were more frequently detected in digestive glands (1.04%) and haemolymph (1.49%) when compared with gills (0.23%). Of the 55 positive DNA, only two samples showed complete genotype at 11 locus and were authenticated as ToxoDB Genotype #9. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to confirm the presence of T. gondii in market-sold mussels in China. The findings point to the risk of humans acquiring T. gondii infection by consuming mussels bought in the aquatic product market.
