Comparative effects of different types of physical activity on health-related quality of life in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

Background: Physical activity is associated with improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer survivors (BCS); however, no studies have assessed optimal physical activity. Objective: We aimed to investigate the optimal types of physical activity for improving HRQoL in patients with BCS during and after cancer treatment. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effects of different physical activities on HRQoL in BCS. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (version 2.0). A network meta-analysis approach based on a frequentist framework was used to rank the effectiveness of different physical activities. Results: A total of 66 RCTs with 6464 participants were included. For all BCS, aerobic combined with resistance exercise (CE) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.71; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.40 to 1.10; P-score = 0.75; Grade: moderate) was the most effective physical activity to improve HRQoL. For participants in treatment, resistance exercise (RE) (SMD = 0.68; 95 % CI: 0.35 to 1.10; P-score = 0.84; Grade: moderate) was the most effective. However, after treatment, CE (SMD = 0.77; 95 % CI: 0.28 to 1.26; P-score = 0.74; Grade: very low) remained the most effective way to improve HRQoL in BCS. In addition, the regression analysis did not find any sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that all physical activities improved HRQoL in BCS compared to the control group. CE may have the best effect on all survivors and post-treatment survivors, whereas RE has the best effect during treatment. In addition, the quality of the included studies was low, and there was some risk of bias, which may affect the interpretation of the findings.

Protective effects of puerarin on liver tissue in Salmonella-infected chicks: a proteomic analysis.

Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic bacterium that not only causes serious economic losses to the livestock and poultry industries but also seriously endangers human health. Long-term indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to drug resistance in Salmonella, and thus the identification of alternatives to antibiotics is crucial. In this study, the effects of puerarin on the S. enterica-infected chickens were investigated. A total of 360 chicks were randomly assigned as the control group (CON), the S. enterica group (S), and puerarin-treatment group (P). Chicks in the P group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 (P50), 100 (P100), 200 (P200), and 400 (P400) mg/kg puerarin, respectively. It was found that puerarin treatment markedly altered the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with the malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) contents in the serum. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, Bcl-2, and caspase-8 in the livers of S. enterica-infected chicks was increased after infection but significantly reduced after treatment with puerarin. Histologic analysis showed that puerarin effectively mitigated morphological damage in the liver caused by S. enterica. Proteomic analysis revealed that S. enterica infection led to metabolic disorders in the liver, resulting in oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and significantly elevated levels of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers. The findings of the filtered sequencing were verified by using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Treatment with 100 mg/mL puerarin thus effectively alleviated disordered liver metabolism, reduced inflammation and oxidative damage and significantly reduced the levels of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers in the liver. The results suggest that puerarin has the potential to replace antibiotics to control Salmonella infection in poultry and thus improve food safety.

Burden of stroke in China and the different SDI regions over the world.

Background: Stroke is a significant global health issue, ranking as the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability combined. This study aimed to examine the changes and differences in stroke burden from 1990 to 2019 in China and various global socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, which included the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life with disability (YLD), and years of life lost (YLL) of stroke. The change trend of stroke burden was assessed based on age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years and estimated annual percentage changes. The average annual rate of change in stroke burden was analysed using the average annual percentage change from 1990 to 2019. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the strength and direction of the correlation between stroke burden and SDI. Results: Regions with high SDI showed the largest decline in age-standardised incidence, death, DALY, YLD, and YLL rates of stroke from 1990 to 2019. China experienced the largest increase in age-standardised prevalence and YLD rates of stroke from 1990 to 2019. There were significant differences in the average annual percent change in stroke burden among the majority of SDI regions. The burden for stroke at the national level was inversely correlated with SDI, despite some exceptions (Incidence: R = -0.417, P < 0.001; prevalence: R = -0.297, P < 0.001; mortality: R = -0.510, P < 0.001; DALY: R = -0.550, P < 0.001; YLD: R = -0.125, P = 0.075; YLL: R = -0.569, P < 0.001). Conclusions: There were significant differences in the stroke burden across different regions with varying SDI levels from 1990 to 2019. The age-standardised prevalence rate and attributable disability burden of stroke remain substantial in different SDI regions, making it a major contributor to the overall disease burden. The severe burden of stroke highlights the importance of primary and secondary stroke-prevention strategies. Therefore, future strategies to prevent and reduce the burden of stroke should be formulated and implemented according to the SDI of each country.