Association between cerebrospinal fluid clusterin and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Clusterin, a glycoprotein implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clusterin in relation to AD biomarkers using a longitudinal cohort of non-demented individuals. Methods: We gathered a sample comprising 86 individuals under cognition normal (CN) and 134 patients diagnosed with MCI via the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. To investigate the correlation of CSF clusterin with cognitive function and markers of key physiological changes, we employed multiple linear regression and mixed-effect models. We undertook a causal mediation analysis to inspect the mediating influence of CSF clusterin on cognitive abilities. Results: Pathological characteristics associated with baseline Aß42, Tau, brain volume, exhibited a correlation with initial CSF clusterin in the general population, Specifically, these correlations were especially prominent in the MCI population; CSF Aß42 (PCN = 0.001; PMCI = 0.007), T-tau (PCN < 0.001; PMCI < 0.001), and Mid temporal (PCN = 0.033; PMCI = 0.005). Baseline CSF clusterin level was predictive of measurable cognitive shifts in the MCI population, as indicated by MMSE (ß = 0.202, p = 0.029), MEM (ß = 0.186, p = 0.036), RAVLT immediate recall (ß = 0.182, p = 0.038), and EF scores (ß = 0.221, p = 0.013). In MCI population, the alterations in brain regions (17.87% of the total effect) mediated the effect of clusterin on cognition. It was found that variables such as age, gender, and presence of APOE ε4 carrier status, influenced some of these connections. Conclusion: Our investigation underscored a correlation between CSF clusterin concentrations and pivotal AD indicators, while also highlighting clusterin's potential role as a protective factor for cognitive abilities in MCI patients.

Tracing the Century-Long Evolution of Microplastics Deposition in a Cold Seep.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems. Cold seeps are characterized by methane-rich fluid seepage fueling one of the richest ecosystems on the seafloor, and there are approximately more than 900 cold seeps globally. While the long-term evolution of MPs in cold seeps remains unclear. Here, how MPs have been deposited in the Haima cold seep since the invention of plastics is demonstrated. It is found that the burial rates of MPs in the non-seepage areas significantly increased since the massive global use of plastics in the 1930s, nevertheless, the burial rates and abundance of MPs in the methane seepage areas are much lower than the non-seepage area of the cold seep, suggesting the degradation potential of MPs in cold seeps. More MP-degrading microorganism populations and functional genes are discovered in methane seepage areas to support this discovery. It is further investigated that the upwelling fluid seepage facilitated the fragmentation and degradation behaviors of MPs. Risk assessment indicated that long-term transport and transformation of MPs in the deeper sediments can reduce the potential environmental and ecological risks. The findings illuminated the need to determine fundamental strategies for sustainable marine plastic pollution mitigation in the natural deep-sea environments.

Effects of physical exercise on the physical conditioning of college students / Efeitos do exercício físico sobre o condicionamento físico dos universitários / Efectos del ejercicio físico en la condición física de los estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: The physical fitness of college students incites an alarming concern. Although the importance of fitness tests for college students has improved, the overall level and range are low. This requires colleges and universities to increase sports awareness and enrich their exercise methods. Relevant scientific articles can assist universities in promoting college students' physical and mental health. Objective: Analyze the effects of exercise on college students' physical fitness. Methods: We randomly selected 30 college students with normal cardiopulmonary function as volunteers for the research. Walking for 30 minutes was promoted, followed by a rapid walking test for college students. Factors such as breathing, heart rate, and other indicators during exercise were collected, measured, and evaluated. Results: The students in the research had good correlations with each index of oxygen uptake, CO2 exhalation, ventilation ratio, and heart rate during uniform running. The value of the indices tended to stabilize about 5 minutes after exercise. Conclusion: Active running exercise can improve aerobic endurance in college students. Physical fitness was improved in this trial. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O condicionamento físico dos estudantes universitários incita uma preocupação alarmante. Embora a importância dos testes de condicionamento físico para os estudantes universitários tenha se aprimorado, o nível geral e sua faixa de variação são baixos. Isso exige das faculdades e universidades atitudes para aumentar a consciência dos esportes e enriquecer seus métodos de exercício físico. Artigos científicos relevantes podem auxiliar as universidades em seus esforços para promover a saúde física e mental dos estudantes universitários. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da prática de exercícios físicos sobre o condicionamento físico dos universitários. Métodos: Selecionou-se aleatoriamente 30 estudantes universitários com função cardiopulmonar normal como voluntários para a pesquisa. Foi promovida a caminhada por 30 minutos seguida de um teste rápido de caminhada nos estudantes universitários. Fatores como a respiração, frequência cardíaca e outros indicadores durante o exercício foram coletados, medidos e avaliados. Resultados: Os estudantes da pesquisa tinham boas correlações com cada índice de absorção de oxigênio, exalação de CO2, relação de ventilação e frequência cardíaca durante a corrida uniforme. O valor dos índices tendeu a estabilizar-se cerca de 5 minutos após o exercício. Conclusão: O exercício de corrida ativa pode melhorar a resistência aeróbica dos estudantes universitários. O condicionamento físico foi aprimorado nesse experimento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La condición física de los estudiantes universitarios suscita una alarmante preocupación. Aunque la importancia de las pruebas de aptitud física para los estudiantes universitarios ha mejorado, el nivel general y su alcance son bajos. Esto requiere que los colegios y universidades adopten actitudes para aumentar la conciencia deportiva y enriquecer sus métodos de ejercicio físico. Los artículos científicos pertinentes pueden ayudar a las universidades en sus esfuerzos por promover la salud física y mental de los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del ejercicio físico en la aptitud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Seleccionamos al azar 30 estudiantes universitarios con función cardiopulmonar normal como voluntarios para la investigación. Se promovió el caminar durante 30 minutos seguido de una prueba de marcha rápida en estudiantes universitarios. Se recogieron, midieron y evaluaron factores como la respiración, la frecuencia cardíaca y otros indicadores durante el ejercicio. Resultados: Los estudiantes de la investigación tenían buenas correlaciones con cada índice de captación de oxígeno, exhalación de CO2, relación de ventilación y frecuencia cardíaca durante la carrera uniforme. El valor de los índices tendía a estabilizarse unos 5 minutos después del ejercicio. Conclusión: El ejercicio de carrera activa puede mejorar la resistencia aeróbica de los estudiantes universitarios. En este experimento se mejoró la aptitud física. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Carotane-type sesquiterpenes from cultures of the insect pathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea.

Two new carotane-type sesquiterpenes named trichocaranes E (1) and F (2), along with two known ones CAF-603 (3) and trichocarane C (4), were isolated from cultures of the insect pathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1-3 showed potent cytotoxic activities against six tumor cell lines MDA, MCF-7, SKOV-3, Hela, A549, HepG2 with IC50 values in a concentration range of 0.1-6.0 µg/ml.

PTP1B Inhibitors from the Entomogenous Fungi Isaria fumosorosea.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is implicated as a negative regulator of insulin receptor (IR) signaling and a potential drug target for the treatment of type II diabetes and other associated metabolic syndromes. Thus, small molecule inhibitors of PTP1B can be considered as an attractive approach for the design of new therapeutic agents of type II diabetes and cancer diseases. In a continuing search for new PTP1B inhibitors, a new tetramic acid possessing a rare pyrrolidinedione skeleton named fumosorinone A (1), together with five known ones 2-6 were isolated from the entomogenous fungus Isaria fumosorosea. The structures of 2-6 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Fumosorinone A (1) and beauvericin (6) showed significant PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.24 µM and 0.59 µM.