Correction: Nie et al. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in THP-1 Macrophages Infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 11692.

Lei Liu was not included as an author in the original publication [...].

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in THP-1 Macrophages Infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb is a typical intracellular parasite, and macrophages are its main host cells. NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death implicated in the clearance of pathogenic infections. The bidirectional regulatory effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in determining cell survival and death. Whether ERS is involved in macrophage pyroptosis with Mtb infection remains unclear. This article aims to explore the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis by ERS in THP-1 macrophages infected with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The results showed that BCG infection induced THP-1 macrophage ERS, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, which was inhibited by ERS inhibitor TUDCA. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 inhibited THP-1 macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis caused by BCG infection. Compared with specific Caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765, pan-Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK showed a more significant inhibitory effect on BCG infection-induced pyroptosis of THP-1 macrophages. Taken together, this study demonstrates that ERS mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis after BCG infection of THP-1 macrophages, and that BCG infection of THP-1 macrophages induces pyroptosis through canonical and noncanonical pathways.

Non-destructive identification of Pseudostellaria heterophylla from different geographical origins by Vis/NIR and SWIR hyperspectral imaging techniques.

The composition of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Tai-Zi-Shen, TZS) is greatly influenced by the growing area of the plants, making it significant to distinguish the origins of TZS. However, traditional methods for TZS origin identification are time-consuming, laborious, and destructive. To address this, two or three TZS accessions were selected from four different regions of China, with each of these resources including distinct quality grades of TZS samples. The visible near-infrared (Vis/NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral information from these samples were then collected. Fast and high-precision methods to identify the origins of TZS were developed by combining various preprocessing algorithms, feature band extraction algorithms (CARS and SPA), traditional two-stage machine learning classifiers (PLS-DA, SVM, and RF), and an end-to-end deep learning classifier (DCNN). Specifically, SWIR hyperspectral information outperformed Vis/NIR hyperspectral information in detecting geographic origins of TZS. The SPA algorithm proved particularly effective in extracting SWIR information that was highly correlated with the origins of TZS. The corresponding FD-SPA-SVM model reduced the number of bands by 77.2% and improved the model accuracy from 97.6% to 98.1% compared to the full-band FD-SVM model. Overall, two sets of fast and high-precision models, SWIR-FD-SPA-SVM and SWIR-FD-DCNN, were established, achieving accuracies of 98.1% and 98.7% respectively. This work provides a potentially efficient alternative for rapidly detecting the origins of TZS during actual production.

[Wnt5a activates JNK to promote the proliferation and autophagy of KGN human granulosa cells].

Objective To investigate the effect of Wnt5a on autophagy in KGN human granulosa cells. Methods KGN human granulosa cells were treated with DMSO (control group), recombinant Wnt5a protein (rWnt5a), Wnt5a inhibitor IWP2 or BOX5, separately. The expression level of Wnt5a protein was detected by Western blot. The co-localization of the Wnt5a protein and the forkhead box L2 (FOXL2), a specific marker of granulosa cells, was observed by immunofluorescence cytochemical staining in rWnt5a group and IWP2 group. The proliferation of KGN cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The effects of rWnt5a and IWP2 on autophagy of KGN cells and the expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) proteins were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with those in the control group, the expression of Wnt5a protein in the rWnt5a group was increased, cell proliferation was promoted, and the expressions of microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chain 3 (LC3), JNK, and NFAT1 were increased, while the expression of nucleoporin 62 (P62) protein was decreased. In contrast to the rWnt5a group, the expression of Wnt5a protein was decreased, cell proliferation was inhibited, and the expressions of LC3, JNK, and NFAT1 proteins were decreased, while the expression of P62 protein was increased in IWP2 group. Conclusion Wnt5a promotes the proliferation and autophagy of KGN human granulosa cells by activating JNK.