ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the problems of pilots' scan, performance, workload. METHOD: An experimental system for evaluating pilots' scan, performance, workload was built up based on previous studies. RESULT: After theoretical consideration and analysis of experimental results, the difference between expert pilots and novice pilots were disclosed preliminarily. CONCLUSION: Expert pilots demonstrates more frequent fixations with shorter dwell time than novice pilots do; to both pilots, the conclusion can be drawn that the variation between workloads and performance is not fixed.
Subject(s)
Eye Movements/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis , Workload , Aerospace Medicine , Aircraft/instrumentation , Computer Simulation , Humans , Mental Processes , Professional CompetenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of active heating system for spacesuit gloves on extravehicular working performance. METHOD: After analyzing the factors with gloves influence on the working performance, the effects of active heating system for gloves were studied experimentally with aspects to fatigue, hand strength, dexterity and tactile sensing. RESULT: 1) Heating-system had not influence to grip; 2) Heating-system had 17% influence to fatigue except specific person; 3) Nut assembly and nipping pin showed that heating-system had little influence to dexterity; 4) Apperceiving shape of object and two-point distance showed heating-system had little influence to tactility. CONCLUSION: The active heating method is rational and has little influence on working performance.
Subject(s)
Extravehicular Activity , Gloves, Protective , Hot Temperature , Life Support Systems/instrumentation , Space Suits , Biomechanical Phenomena , Equipment Design , Ergonomics , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Fatigue , Fingers , Hand Strength , Humans , Range of Motion, Articular , Space Flight/instrumentation , Task Performance and AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Temperature distribution over the finger was discussed, so as to provide reference for thermal protection of the hand. METHOD: Mathematical model for thermoregulation of trunk including hands was established. In the model, the trunk was divided into 15 segments and the hand was divided into palm and 5 fingers. The model was presented as a consistent set of bio-heat equations and was solved by a finite element method. RESULT: Effect of wind speed on the finger temperature is so evident, while the effect of artery blood temperature on the finger temperature is so little. CONCLUSION: Through the comparison with the result of literature, the establishment of the model was proved to be reasonable and the method feasible.
Subject(s)
Body Temperature/physiology , Cold Temperature , Fingers/physiology , Hand/physiology , Models, Biological , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Finite Element Analysis , Humans , Skin Temperature , WindABSTRACT
Objective. To examine how the subject scans different parts of display panels and how the attention is distributed through the analysis of the eye movement principle and the cognition of the brain. Method. An experiment was conducted to simulate the airplane's landing course and eye movement data were recorded with eye movement measure system (EMMS). Result. There were three regions of interest (ROI) on which the subject's attention was concentrated. The subject's visual activity was active in the three ROIS and attention's shifting and distribution was between ROIS. Conclusion. Eye movement were driven by the top-down processing and the distribution of the attention. The consequence of the eye movement makes the subject maintain a continuous situation awareness.
Subject(s)
Aircraft , Cognition , Computer Simulation , Eye Movements , Fixation, Ocular , Visual Perception , Aviation/education , Awareness , Data Display , Ergonomics , Humans , Mental Processes , Saccades , Task Performance and Analysis , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
Cell culture apparatus (CCA) is necessary to space medicine research and space life-science research. With development of technology, CCA has been fully developed. Nowadays, CCA has been used in scientific research and production widely. In addition, space cell culture apparatus has become an indispensable tool in correlative space research. In this paper, a variety of apparatus used on ground and in space are summarized.
Subject(s)
Biological Science Disciplines/instrumentation , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Space Flight/instrumentation , Weightlessness , Aerospace Medicine/instrumentation , Bioreactors , Cell Culture Techniques/trends , Equipment Design , Space Flight/trends , Weightlessness SimulationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study effect of simulated weightlessness on non-evaporative heat dissipation from different parts of the human body. METHOD: Body surface temperature distribution of five subjects was measured under -6 degrees head down bedrest for 7 d with HR-II infrared thermography. Non-evaporative heat dissipation was calculated with the heat exchange equations based on surface temperature. RESULT: The temperature difference between torso and extremities increased during bed rest, and the largest was 6.7 degrees C higher than the control on the 3rd day of bed rest. The part of non-evaporative heat dissipation from the torso increased about 6% and that from head-neck increased 2%. At the same time, the parts of heat dissipation from the upper and lower extremities decreased about 3% and 5% respectively. CONCLUSION: The parts of non-evaporative heat dissipation from different areas of the human body changed during simulated weightlessness. This result provided a basis for the flow distribution design of liquid cooling garment of EVA suit.
Subject(s)
Bed Rest , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Skin Temperature/physiology , Space Suits , Weightlessness Simulation , Arm , Extravehicular Activity , Head , Head-Down Tilt , Hot Temperature , Humans , Leg , Thermography , ThoraxABSTRACT
Objective. To study the problem of human movement characteristics of target-aiming movement. Method. The authors first analyzed the essentials of target-aiming movement on the basis of previous research results, then designed and made a two-dimension experiment of target-aiming movement. Result. After theoretical consideration and analysis of experimental results, a new model of human two-dimension target-aiming movement was proposed, and the coefficients are determined experimentally. Conclusion. The model was verified by experimental data. It was demonstrated that the new model has an excellent suitability, and is applicable for evaluations of target-aiming movements of one and two dimensions.
Subject(s)
Man-Machine Systems , Psychomotor Performance , User-Computer Interface , Adult , Ergonomics , Humans , Male , Models, Theoretical , MovementABSTRACT
Objective. To establish a dynamic model of the space suit base on the particular configuration of the space suit. Method. The mass of the space suit components, moment of inertia, mobility of the joints of space suit, as well as the suit-generated torques, were considered in this model. The expressions to calculate the moment of inertia were developed by simplifying the geometry of the space suit. A modified Preisach model was used to mathematically describe the hysteretic torque characteristics of joints in a pressurized space suit, and it was implemented numerically basing on the observed suit parameters. Result. A dynamic model considering mass, moment of inertia and suit-generated torques was established. Conclusion. This dynamic model provides some elements for the dynamic simulation of the astronaut extravehicular activity.
