A rapid and low-cost platform for detection of bacterial based on microchamber PCR microfluidic chip.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been considered as the gold standard for detecting nucleic acids. The simple PCR system is of great significance for medical applications in remote areas, especially for the developing countries. Herein, we proposed a low-cost self-assembled platform for microchamber PCR. The working principle is rotating the chamber PCR microfluidic chip between two heaters with fixed temperature to solve the problem of low temperature variation rate. The system consists of two temperature controllers, a screw slide rail, a chamber array microfluidic chip and a self-built software. Such a system can be constructed at a cost of about US$60. The micro chamber PCR can be finished by rotating the microfluidic chip between two heaters with fixed temperature. Results demonstrated that the sensitivity of the temperature controller is 0.1℃. The relative error of the duration for the microfluidic chip was 0.02 s. Finally, we successfully finished amplification of the target gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the chamber PCR microfluidic chip within 35 min and on-site detection of its PCR products by fluorescence. The chip consisted of 3200 cylindrical chambers. The volume of reagent in each volume is as low as 0.628 nL. This work provides an effective method to reduce the amplification time required for micro chamber PCR.

Risk factors for postoperative urinary retention in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common complication following colorectal surgery. The incidence of POUR among colorectal surgery patients varies widely, and the risk factors and outcomes of POUR are also debatable. This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the risk factors for POUR in patients after colorectal surgery. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Chinese databases (CBM, CNKI, and WanFang Databases) were searched to identify relevant cohort studies (from inception to August 2022). Two researchers independently conducted literature quality evaluation and data extraction. All data were analyzed by using the Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS: Nineteen studies with 101,025 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The risk factors for POUR in colorectal surgery patients were male sex, older age, diabetes mellitus, urological diseases, tumor location in the lower rectum, APR, laparoscopic surgery, operation time ≥ 4 h, postoperative date of urinary catheter removal, excessive intraoperative intravenous fluid volume, and postoperative ileus. The postoperative anastomotic leak, on the other hand, was not a risk factor for POUR. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple risk factors influence the incidence of POUR in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. To reduce the incidence of POUR in colorectal surgery patients, medical staff should identify risk factors early and enforce interventions to prevent them.

Recent developments and trends of automatic nucleic acid detection systems.

Nucleic acid detection, widely used in clinical diagnosis, biological analysis, and environmental monitoring, is of great significance for disease diagnosis and basic research. With the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for fast and high-throughput nucleic acid detection from large numbers of samples has increased sharply. Automated nucleic acid detection systems can meet these needs, and also play important roles in disease screening and infectious disease prevention and control. In this review, we introduce and compare the current mainstream nucleic acid automatic detection instruments and equipment, then discuss the future demands of nucleic acid detection.

Neurosurgery medical robot Remebot for the treatment of 17 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the minimally invasive surgical approach and therapeutic effects of using the medical neurosurgery robot Remebot to treat hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). METHODS: Clinical data for 17 HICH patients were analyzed retrospectively. Hematoma evacuation and tube drainage using Remebot frameless stereotaxic techniques were performed for all patients, and urokinase was injected into the hematomas after the operations. RESULTS: Robot-assisted stereotactic techniques can accurately guide hematoma punctures, and no deaths occurred among these patients. The average positioning error was 1.28 ± 0.49 mm. The average drainage duration was 3.4 days. The 3-month postoperative follow-up revealed improved neurological functions and quality of life for all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The medical neurosurgery robot Remebot is minimally invasive, has high positional accuracy, and facilitates surgical planning according to the shape of the hematoma. Therefore, robot-assisted surgery using Remebot represents a safe and effective treatment method for hematoma evacuation and tube drainage in HICH patients.