Aerobic thiyl radical addition/cyclization of N-methacryloyl benzamides for the synthesis of isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives.

A highly effective oxidative thiyl radical addition/cyclization of N-methacryloylbenzamides was explored using dioxygen as the sole terminal oxidant without the use of precious and/or toxic transition-metal catalysts. This method provides convenient access to a variety of useful sulfide-containing 4,4-disubstituted isoquinoline-1,3-diones by constructing C-S and C-C bonds in one step.

Palladium-catalyzed thiolation of alkanes and ethers with arylsulfonyl hydrazides.

A new method for the preparation of alkyl aryl sulfides through direct oxidative thiolation of alkanes or ethers with arylsulfonyl hydrazides using di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as an oxidant catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 has been reported. The C-H bonds in various alkanes or ethers were successfully converted into C-S bonds to yield the corresponding sulfides in moderate to good yields.

Metal-free oxidative C(sp3)-H bond thiolation of ethers with disulfides.

A novel method for the preparation of alkyl aryl sulfides through direct oxidation thiolation of commercial ethers with diaryl disulfides using di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as the oxidant without a metal catalyst was established. The C(sp(3))-H bond in various ethers was successfully converted into a C-S bond, and the corresponding sulfides were achieved with moderate to high yields.

Treatment of infected soft tissue blast injury in swine by regulated negative pressure wound therapy.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of regulated negative pressure wound therapy (RNPT) in treating infected blast injuries in swine. BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% to 80% of blast injuries develop infection, which increases the morbidity and mortality of these casualties. RNPT has been used in US military operations in Iraq; however, no randomized controlled study has been conducted on the use of RNPT to treat infected war injuries. METHODS: Infected soft tissue blast injuries were treated with gauze dressings or RNPT with different pressures ranging from -5 to -35 kPa. To evaluate the wound healing process, the wound area, wound depth, the number of proliferative cells, and the vascular endothelial cells in the granulation tissue were measured at different time points. Furthermore, to evaluate the infection and inflammation of the blast injury, the bacterial load, bacterial species, and several inflammatory markers were detected. RESULTS: Compared with gauze dressing treatments, RNPT reduced bacterial load more efficiently, initiated granulation tissue formation earlier, and increased the inflammation faster. Negative pressures ranging from -10 to -25 kPa applied on the RNPT group showed beneficial effects in treating the infected soft tissue blast injury. RNPT did not significantly change both the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial composition compared with those of the gauze dressing group. CONCLUSIONS: RNPT clearly shows beneficial effects in treating the infected soft tissue blast injury in comparison with the gauze dressing therapy in swine.

New swine model of infected soft tissue blast injury.

BACKGROUND: War injuries, especially blast injuries, have a high risk of infection. However, no animal models of infected war injuries have been built in large animals, which retards both the understanding and the treatment optimization of infected war injuries. METHODS: Soft tissue blast injuries were created by explosion of electric detonators in white domestic pigs. The ultra structure of the tissue around the wound was determined by transmission electron microscope. To develop infection of blast injury wounds, the pigs were housed in a standard animal house which was disinfected periodically, and the wounds were left untreated for 3 days. Wound specimens were collected daily to determine the bacterial load and bacterial components. To determine whether infection induces tissue necrosis in infected soft tissue blast injury wounds, uninfected blast injury wounds were created as controls of infected wounds by surgical debridement daily, and the wound area and wound depth of both wounds were measured. RESULTS: The wound area and the wound depth of the soft tissue blast injury created in this study fell in the range of human moderate soft tissue war injuries, and the ultra structure of the wounds was comparable with that of human blast injury wounds. The bacterial load of uninfected wounds was under 10 colony forming unit/g during the first 3 days of injury, while that of infected wounds was over 10 colony forming unit/g after 2 days of injury. The infected soft tissue blast injury wounds contained most of the bacteria frequently isolated in battlefield wounds. In addition, infection induced evident tissue necrosis in infected blast injury wounds. CONCLUSION: The infected soft tissue blast injury wounds mimic those in human, and they can be used to address key points of treatment optimization.

[Effectiveness evaluation of composite skin grafts in repairing deep burn wounds in functional regions].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of composite grafts of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and autologous split-thickness skin in repairing deep burn wounds. METHODS: Between June 2002 and December 2008, 30 patients (42 wound) were treated. There were 25 males and 5 females, aged 3-52 years with a median age of 31 years. Of them, 24 burned patients had 35 wounds, including 23 deep second degree and 12 third degree wounds with a mean disease duration of 24 days (range, 3-45 days); 6 patients with hyperplastic scar had 7 wounds with a mean disease duration of 16 days (range, 9-21 days). The wound locations were neck (2 wound), hand (4 wounds), forearm and elbow (8 wounds), shoulder (3 wounds), peoples (6 wounds), laps (4 wounds), ankle and legs (15 wounds), and the area of wounds ranged from 10 cm x 10 cm to 30 cm x 20 cm. After thorough debridement, tangential excision, and scar excision, ADM and autologous split-thickness skin graft were used to repair the wounds by one-step method. RESULTS: After operation, composite skin graft survived completely in 39 wounds of 27 patients, with a survival rate of 92.9%; partial necrosis occurred in 3 wounds of 3 patients (7.1%), and healed after dressing change and secondary skin graft. The patients were followed up 30-34 months (mean, 32 months) postoperatively. The appearance of the composite grafts were smooth and soft with good elasticity and low pigmentation. The activity and function of limbs recovered well. No scar hyperplasia was observed at the donor sites. CONCLUSION: It can achieve good outcomes in appearance and function to use ADM and autologous split-thickness skin graft for repairing deep burn wounds in functional regions.

Silica sulfuric acid promotes aza-Michael addition reactions under solvent-free condition as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst.

A highly efficient, inexpensive, recyclable, convenient, and green protocol for chemoselective aza-Michael addition reactions of amines/thiols to alpha,beta-unsaturated compounds using silica sulfuric acid (SSA or SiO(2)-SO(3)H) was developed. This method is simple, convenient and the title compounds are produced in good to excellent yields.

[4-(Methyl-sulfon-yl)phen-yl]acetic acid.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(9)H(10)O(4)S, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked into dimers by inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Unconventional C-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions are also present, connecting dimers into a three-dimensional network.