Recombinant Human Peroxiredoxin-5 Improves Anti-tumor Immunity by Inducing Macrophage Polarization / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Tumor cells can use different strategies to suppress the immune system and disable them for killing tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that recombinant human peroxiredoxin-5 (hPRDX5) can activate the normal anti-tumor immune, so as to control and eliminate the tumor cells, but its exact mechanism of action needs to be studied in depth. The study aimed to investigate whether hPRDX5 exerts its anti-tumor activity by activating or reversing the polarization state of mouse macrophages RAW264. 7 cells. The results of CCK8 showed that different doses of hPRDX5 could significantly enhance the viability of macrophage compared with the control group (P < 0. 001); The results of Nitric oxide (NO) test showed that hPRDX5 significantly enhanced NO secretion levels in RAW264. 7 cells (P < 0. 001); ELISA experiments revealed that hPRDX5 promotes TNF-α (P<0. 01) and IL-6 (P<0. 001) secretion in RAW264. 7 cells; Flow cytometry revealed that hPRDX5 increased the expression of antigen differentiation cluster (CD) 80 (P < 0. 01) and inducible nitric oxide oxide synthase (iNOS) (P < 0. 001) in RAW264. 7 cells, and reduced the expression of CD206 (P < 0. 001) in RAW264. 7 cells induced by tumor conditional culture solution (TCS); Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) experiments revealed that hPRDX5 can increase the killing activity of mouse macrophages on mouse pancreatic cancer Panc02 cells. hPRDX5 is able to activate mouse macrophage RAW264. 7 cells, promotes its M1-type polarization, reverses M2-type polarization, and exerts antitumor activity through the immune-enhancing effect.

Validation of the prognostic value of the Mayo MASS and R2-ISS staging systems in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma: A single-center study / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of Mayo MASS and R2-ISS staging systems in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods: A total of 371 patients newly diagnosed with MM in Jiangsu Province Hospital were included in the study. Cytoplasmic light chain immunofluorescence with fluorescence in situ hybridization (cIg-FISH) was performed to detect cytogenetic abnormality. Clinical characteristics were combined to analyze the disease stage and evaluate the prognosis. Results: There were 37 (10.0%), 264 (71.0%), and 70 (18.8%) patients in R-ISS stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) times were 37, 25, and 14 months (P<0.001). The median overall survival (OS) times were not reached (NR), 66, and 30 months (P<0.001). There were 71 (19.1%), 140 (37.7%), and 160 (43.2%) patients in Mayo MASS stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, and the median PFS times periods were 43, 27, and 19 months (P<0.001), and the median OS times were NR, NR, 35 months, respectively (P<0.001). There were, 23 (6.2%), 69 (18.6%), 222 (59.8%), and 57 (15.4%) patients in R2-ISS stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, respectively. The median PFS times were 47, 31, 25, and 15 months (P=0.001), and the median OS times were NR, NR, 49, and 55 months, respectively (P<0.001) . Conclusion: Based on the R-ISS staging system, Mayo MASS, and R2-ISS prognostic staging system incorporated 1q21+, which allows a better stratification. However, the proportion of stage Ⅲ patients in Mayo MASS and R2-ISS staging systems is relatively high, which is considered related to the high incidence of 1q21+ and ISS Ⅲ in the Chinese population.

Influence of the number of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities on the clinical characteristics and prognosis in 360 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the influence of the number of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCA) on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods: A total of 360 patients with newly diagnosed MM admitted to Jiangsu Province Hospital between November 2013 and September 2020 were included in this study. Cytoplasmic light chain immunofluorescence with fluorescence in situ hybridization (cIg-FISH) was used to detect HRCA. Cytogenetic abnormalities were combined with clinical characteristics and outcomes for further analysis. Results: Among the 360 patients, 120 patients (33.3%) presented with no HRCAs, and 175 (48.6%) , 61 (16.9%) , and four (1.1%) patients had one, two, and three HRCA (s) , respectively. Patients were divided into three groups, including the no-HRCA group, one-HRCA group, and ≥two-HRCA group, according to the number of HRCAs. There were significant differences in the R-ISS stage, hemoglobin level, albumin level, and the proportion of bone marrow plasma cells among the three groups (P<0.05) . The COX proportional-hazards model identified extramedullary disease (P=0.018) , HRCA ≥ 2 (P=0.001) , and absence of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (P<0.001) as independent risk factors for progression free survival (PFS) and identified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level ≥ 220 U/L (P<0.001) , HRCA ≥2 (P=0.001) , and absence of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (P=0.005) as independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) . The median PFS was 28 months, 22 months, and 14 months (P=0.005) for the three cohorts, and their OS was not reached,60 months, and 30 months (P=0.001) , respectively. Conclusions: HRCA ≥ 2 is an independent risk factor for decreased survival in patients with newly diagnosed MM. More HRCAs result in heavier tumor burden, as well as a higher risk of disease progression and death.

Acupuncture for perimenopausal early-wake insomnia: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for perimenopausal early-wake insomnia.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with perimenopausal early-wake insomnia were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off, 2 cases were removed). In the observation group, acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 24+), Anmian (Extra), Hegu (LI 4), Shenmen (HT 7), Taichong (LR 3), Taixi (KI 3), etc., once every other day, 3 times a week. In the control group, oryzanol tablets were taken orally, 20 mg each time, 3 times a day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the sleep actigraphy (ACT) was used to measure the effective sleep time, sleep quality, wake-up time, wake-up frequency, each wake-up time, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score and early-wake score were compared in the two groups, and the clinical effect was assessed.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, compared before treatment, the effective sleep time was prolonged and the sleep quality was improved (P<0.05), the wake-up time, each wake-up time were shortened and wake-up frequency was decreased (P<0.05), the PSQI score and early-wake score were decreased (P<0.05) in the observation group. After treatment, the wake-up frequency, PSQI score and early-wake score were decreased in the control group (P<0.05). The effective sleep time, sleep quality, wake-up time, wake-up frequency, each wake-up time, PSQI score and early-wake score after treatment in the observation group were superior to the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 88.9% (24/27) in the observation group, which was higher than 38.5% (10/26) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture can increase the effective sleep time and improve sleep quality in patients with perimenopausal early-wake insomnia.

Ginger-separated moxibustion for chronic fatigue syndrome and its effect on intestinal flora / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of ginger-separated moxibustion on fatigue state and intestinal flora in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).@*METHODS@#A total of 62 patients with CFS were randomly divided into an observation group (31 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (31 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with normal diet and moderate exercise; on the basis of the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with ginger-separated moxibustion at Zhongwan (CV 12), Shenque (CV 8) and Guanyuan (CV 4), 30 min each time, once every other day, three times a week. Both groups were intervened for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the fatigue scale-14 (FS-14) was used to observe the improvement of fatigue state, and 16S rRNA detection technology was used to detect the distribution of intestinal flora.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the FS-14 score was reduced after treatment in the observation group (@*CONCLUSION@#The ginger-separated moxibustion could significantly improve the fatigue state in CFS patients, which may be related to the regulation of intestinal flora structure and the repair of intestinal barrier.

Advances in the research of inhibitors of enzymes of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis / 药学学报

In recent years, owing to the abuse of antibiotics, the widespread of resistant bacterial strains became a serious threat to public health. This status demands development of new antibacterial agents with novel mechanisms of action. The reason for the limited new antibacterials is the small number of effective therapeutic targets, which cannot meet the current needs for the multiple drug-resistant treatment. Screening for new targets is the key step in the development of novel antibacterial agents. Peptidoglycan is the main component of the cell wall of bacteria, which is essential for survival of pathogenic bacteria. Within the biochemical pathway for peptidoglycan biosynthes is the Murligases, described in this review as highly potential targets for the development of new classes of antibacterial agents. This review provides an in-depth insight into the recent developments in the field of inhibitors of the Mur enzymes (MurA-F). Moreover, the reasons for the lack of candidate inhibitors and the challenges to overcome the hurdles are also discussed.

Local spatial variations analysis of smear-positive tuberculosis in Xinjiang using Geographically Weighted Regression model.

BACKGROUND: The spatial interplay between socioeconomic factors and tuberculosis (TB) cases contributes to the understanding of regional tuberculosis burdens. Historically, local Poisson Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) has allowed for the identification of the geographic disparities of TB cases and their relevant socioeconomic determinants, thereby forecasting local regression coefficients for the relations between the incidence of TB and its socioeconomic determinants. Therefore, the aims of this study were to: (1) identify the socioeconomic determinants of geographic disparities of smear positive TB in Xinjiang, China (2) confirm if the incidence of smear positive TB and its associated socioeconomic determinants demonstrate spatial variability (3) compare the performance of two main models: one is Ordinary Least Square Regression (OLS), and the other local GWR model. METHODS: Reported smear-positive TB cases in Xinjiang were extracted from the TB surveillance system database during 2004-2010. The average number of smear-positive TB cases notified in Xinjiang was collected from 98 districts/counties. The population density (POPden), proportion of minorities (PROmin), number of infectious disease network reporting agencies (NUMagen), proportion of agricultural population (PROagr), and per capita annual gross domestic product (per capita GDP) were gathered from the Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook covering a period from 2004 to 2010. The OLS model and GWR model were then utilized to investigate socioeconomic determinants of smear-positive TB cases. Geoda 1.6.7, and GWR 4.0 software were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that the relations between the average number of smear-positive TB cases notified in Xinjiang and their socioeconomic determinants (POPden, PROmin, NUMagen, PROagr, and per capita GDP) were significantly spatially non-stationary. This means that in some areas more smear-positive TB cases could be related to higher socioeconomic determinant regression coefficients, but in some areas more smear-positive TB cases were found to do with lower socioeconomic determinant regression coefficients. We also found out that the GWR model could be better exploited to geographically differentiate the relationships between the average number of smear-positive TB cases and their socioeconomic determinants, which could interpret the dataset better (adjusted R 2 = 0.912, AICc = 1107.22) than the OLS model (adjusted R 2 = 0.768, AICc = 1196.74). CONCLUSIONS: POPden, PROmin, NUMagen, PROagr, and per capita GDP are socioeconomic determinants of smear-positive TB cases. Comprehending the spatial heterogeneity of POPden, PROmin, NUMagen, PROagr, per capita GDP, and smear-positive TB cases could provide valuable information for TB precaution and control strategies.

Roles of non-coding RNA in pancreatic islet development and functioning / 中国医学科学院学报

Non-coding RNA is a kind of non-coding protein RNA which is widely present in most of the organisms. Non-coding RNA plays key roles in the embryonic development,cell fate determination,and growth control in the living organisms. MicroRNA and long non-coding RNA involve in differentiation of endocrine cell,insulin gene expression and secretion,and insulin resistance,which are closely associated with diabetes.