Evidence-based nursing practice of enteral nutrition support among ICU patients with diarrhea / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the best intervention based on evidences of enteral nutrition support complicated with diarrhea in critically ill patients and evaluate its clinical effects.Methods Evidence was obtained using Evidence-based Nursing,and was implemented in clinical practice after localization,we formulated numing recommendations for regulating nurses' clinical practice regarding enteral nutrition support complicated with diarrhea in ICU patients;we conducted multiple online and offline training for nurses.The rate of diarrhea in ICU patients undergoing enteral nutrition support before and after using best evidence was compared,and awareness and implementation of best evidence among nurses before and after training were also compared.Results After adapting the best evidence,the rate of enteral nutrition associated diarrhea decreased from 25.58％ to 13.89％;ICU nurses' diarrhea identification and evaluation,analysis of influencing factors of enteral nutrition associated diarrhea,selection of enteral nutrition formula,nasal feeding,etc.,were significantly improved (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in enteral nutrition infusion,and nutrition preparation and preservation (P＞0.05);rare of implementation of best evidence in ICU nurses was greater than 80％.Conclusion Evidence-based practice can effectively prevent enteral nutrition associated diarrhea in ICU patients.Nurses can solve enteral nutrition associated diarrhea using scientific nursing methods through implementation of best evidence,in order to nursing quality.

Neural mechanism for encoding rhythmic information:a review / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Extracting and encoding rhythmic information is very important for brain functions, as it is the foundation of speech recognition,music appreciation and rhythmic movement et al.However,our knowledge of how the neural system processes rhythm information of external inputs remains limited. In the present paper,we review a neural network model of the scale-free topology can serve as an efficient way to encode rhythm information. In the model, neurons are connected by either electrical synapses or chemical synapses with strengths decreasing with the connectivity of neurons, so that hub neurons are difficult to activate. To encode rhythm information, hub neurons trigger synchronous firing across the network, while loops formed by low-degree neurons determine the rhythm of synchronous firing. This model successfully reproduces the long-period synchronous firing observed in experimental data, and indicates that the neural system can encode temporal information via local dynamics in a distributed way.This review aims to elaborate and summarize the mechanism by which neurons encode rhythmic information.

FAS-1377 G/A (rs2234767) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 17,858 cases and 24,311 controls.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Disruption of apoptosis has been implicated in carcinogenesis. Specifically, various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in apoptotic genes, such as FAS-1377 G/A SNP, have been associated with cancer risk. FAS-1377 G/A SNP has been shown to alter FAS gene promoter transcriptional activity. Down-regulation of FAS and cell death resistance is key to many cancers, but an association between FAS-1377 G/A SNP and cancer risk is uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the current literature to clarify this relationship. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: From PubMed and Chinese language (CNKI and WanFang) databases, we located articles published up to March 5, 2013, obtaining 44 case-control studies from 41 different articles containing 17,858 cases and 24,311 controls based on search criteria for cancer susceptibility related to the FAS gene -1377 G/A SNP. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) revealed association strengths. Data show that the -1377 G allele was protective against cancer risk. Similar associations were detected in "source of control," ethnicity and cancer type subgroups. Lower cancer risk was found in both smokers with a GG+GA genotype and in non-smokers with the GG+GA genotype, when compared to smokers and nonsmokers with the AA genotype. Males carrying the -1377G allele (GG+GA) had lower cancer incidence than those with the AA genotype. Individuals who carried both FAS-1377(GG+GA)/FASL-844(TT+TC) genotypes appeared to have lower risk of cancer than those who carried both FAS-1377 AA/FASL-844 CC genotypes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The FAS-1377 G/A SNP may decrease cancer risk. Studies with larger samples to study gene-environment interactions are warranted to understand the role of FAS gene polymorphisms, especially -1377 G/A SNP, in cancer risk.

MMP7 -181G allele is a low-penetrant risk factor for cancer development in East Asians.

Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a small secreted proteolytic enzyme with broad substrate specificity. Its expression is associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and survival for a number of cancers. However, data from published studies with individually low statistical power are conflicting. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of 14 publications (16 case-control studies) to better assess the purported relationship. Eligible studies were identified by searching the Pubmed database. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association. Overall, we found that the -181 G allele increased cancer risk in East Asians (G-allele vs. A-allele, OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.25-1.46, P(heterogeneity)=0.01; GA vs. AA, OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.16-1.69, P(heterogeneity)=0.04; GG+GA vs. AA, OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.30-1.78, P(heterogeneity)=0.00). Similarly, in the stratified analysis by cancer type and source of control, significantly increased cancer risk was indicated. Our study showed evidence that MMP7 -181A/G polymorphism may increase cancer risk in the East Asian population. Future studies with larger sample size are warranted to further evaluate this association in greater detail.

TRAIL gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer in the Chinese Han population of Nanjing / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and the genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa) in the Chinese Han population in Nanjing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a case control study on 187 cases of PCa and 237 cancer-free healthy controls. Peripheral blood genome DNA was extracted from the subjects for analysis of the polymorphism of the TRAIL-716 locus by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR). The correlations between the susceptibility to PCa and different genotypes were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An SNP (-716A/G) was found in the promoter of the TRAIL gene. AA, AG and GG genotypes were identified. Logistic regression analysis suggested that AG, GG and AG + GG genotypes had no significant correlation with the risk of PCa (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.54 -1.47; OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69 -1.27; OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.54 - 1.41).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TRAIL-716 polymorphism is not directly related with the genetic susceptibility to PCa in the Chinese Han population of Nanjing.</p>