Selenium alleviates heart remodeling through Sirt1/AKT/GSK-3ß pathway.

Selenium, reported as an important medium for maintaining the body's homeostasis, acts to have multiple bioeffects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effects. However, its role in heart failure still remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of selenium on heart failure and its possible mechanism. The heart failure models were induced by aortic banding and isoproterenol. H&E, TUNEL and PSR staining were performed to detect the degree of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis rates and heart fibrosis, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect different mRNA levels, and western blot was applied to assess the expressions of relative proteins. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate α-SMA density. We first found that treatment of selenium alleviated heart fibrosis and the development of heart failure but not cardiomyocyte cross sectional areas. Besides, selenium improved heart levels of superoxide dismutase2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and glutathione (GSH) and the activity of SOD, accompanied by decreased apoptosis rate. In addition, our in vitro study has shown that selenium reduced mRNA levels of collagen Ⅰ and collagen III, expressions of a-SMA, p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK-3ß/ GSK-3ß, apoptosis rates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H9C2 cardio-myoblasts treated with TGF-ß1. Moreover, the level of Sirt1 was found to be up-regulated by selenium which effects were weakened after the administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-Sirt1 or EX527 (inhibitor of Sirt1). Our current results have demonstrated that the protective effects of selenium on heart hypertrophy is through the regulation of Sirt1 and AKT/GSK-3ß pathway.

Appraisal Concerns for the Clinical Research and Development of Drugs for Rare Diseases / 罕见病研究

The incidence of each of the rare disease is very low. The complexity and diagnosis difficulty of the rare disease lead to the difficulties in the clinical research and development (R&D) of drugs for rare diseases. There is an urgent clinical need for the drug development of rare diseases in China. Encouraging R&D of new drugs, particularly the innovative drugs with China's own independent intellectural property is the basis for solving the predicament in drug shortage in China.. In order to further improve the efficiency of clinical R&D of drugs for rare diseases, the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) issued Technical Guidance for Clinical Research and Development of Drugs for Rare Diseases. This is the first guidance for rare diseases in China that is drafted from the standpoint of the clinical technology research and development.The guidance is the scientifitc thinking and framework for the drug developing enterprises to research and develop drugs for rare disease efficiently and appropriately by following drug developing protocols and relating to the special features of rare disease.This paper presents the concepts and rationale in the guidance for the appraisal of rare disease drug research and development.

Effects of resveratrol on the inflammatory response and renal injury in hyperuricemic rats

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Hyperuricemic nephropathy is a common cause of acute kidney injury. Resveratrol can ameliorate kidney injury, but the explicit mechanism remains unclear.We investigated the effects of resveratrol on the inflammatory response and renal injury in hyperuricemic rats.MATERIALS/METHODS: A rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy was established by the oral administration of a mixture of adenine and potassium oxinate. Biochemical analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to assess the rat kidney function. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assays were performed to evaluate the immune and oxidative responses. @*RESULTS@#The expression levels of urine albumin and β2-microglobulin were significantly decreased after resveratrol treatment. In addition, the levels of serum creatinine and uric acid were significantly decreased in the resveratrol groups, compared with the control group.The levels of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, in kidney tissue and serum were also increased in the hyperuricemic rats, and resveratrol treatment inhibited their expression. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity in kidney tissue as well as the superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase levels in serum were all decreased by resveratrol treatment. @*CONCLUSIONS@#Resveratrol may protect against hyperuricemic nephropathy through regulating the inflammatory response.

Medical health integration continuance management mode in the prevention of elderly patients after dis-charge in bed household application effect analysis of pressure ulcers / 中华护理杂志

Objective Discuss medical health integration continuance management mode in the prevention of elderly patients after discharge in bed household application effect of pressure ulcers. Methods To 120 cases of elderly patients in bed in hospital time order is divided into control group and experimental group,by the medical health outreach group respectively in the hospital two days before the assessment of patients and family rehabilitation plan,the control group given conventional discharge and telephone follow-up after discharge,the experimental group according to the medical health integration management mode,made up of medical health outreach team to stay in bed for elderly patients after discharge pressure ulcer risk factors assessment,targeted prevention of pressure sores rehabilitation plan,group management,remote care joint family supervision,timely follow up the capa and the exami-nation of the effect,the pressure ulcer management and quality of life scale to compare two groups of patients at discharge,6 months after hospital discharge,the quality of life of 12 months after discharge and the incidence of pressure ulcers in a year. Results The experimental group was lower than those of control group,the incidence of pressure ulcers was statistically significant difference(P0.05). Conclusion Medical health integration continuance management can effectively reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers that occupy the home stay in bed for elderly patients,improve their quality of life.

[Effects of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on the root surfaces and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans].

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with different powers of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on root surfaces and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion. METHODS: Extracted teeth because of severe periodontal disease were divided into the following four groups: control group, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3. After scaling and root planning, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3 were separately treated with Nd: YAG laser irradiation (4/6/8 W, 60 s); however, the control group did not receive the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology. S. mutans were cultured with root slices from each group. Colony forming unit per mL (CFU·mL⁻¹) was used to count and compare the amounts of bacteria adhesion among groups. SEM was used to observe the difference of bacteria adhesion to root surfaces between control group (scaling) and laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s), thereby indicating the different bacteria adhesions because of different treatments. RESULTS: Morphology alterations indicated that root surfaces in control group contain obvious smear layer, debris, and biofilm; whereas the root surfaces in laser group contain more cracks with less smear layer and debris. The bacteria counting indicated that S. mutans adhesion to laser group was weaker than that of control group (P<0.05). No statistical significance among the laser groups (P>0.05) was observed. Morphology alterations also verified that S. mutans adhesion to laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s) was weaker than that of control group (scaling). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that Nd: YAG laser irradiation treatment after scaling can reduce smear layer, debris, and biofilm on the root surfaces as compared with conventional scaling. The laser treatment reduces the adhesion of S. mutans as well. However, Nd: YAG laser irradiation can cause cracks on the root surfaces. In this experiment, the optimum laser power of 6 W can thoroughly remove the smear layer and debris, as well as relatively improve the control of thermal damagee.

Effects of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on the root surfaces and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with different powers of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on root surfaces and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Extracted teeth because of severe periodontal disease were divided into the following four groups: control group, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3. After scaling and root planning, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3 were separately treated with Nd: YAG laser irradiation (4/6/8 W, 60 s); however, the control group did not receive the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology. S. mutans were cultured with root slices from each group. Colony forming unit per mL (CFU·mL⁻¹) was used to count and compare the amounts of bacteria adhesion among groups. SEM was used to observe the difference of bacteria adhesion to root surfaces between control group (scaling) and laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s), thereby indicating the different bacteria adhesions because of different treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Morphology alterations indicated that root surfaces in control group contain obvious smear layer, debris, and biofilm; whereas the root surfaces in laser group contain more cracks with less smear layer and debris. The bacteria counting indicated that S. mutans adhesion to laser group was weaker than that of control group (P<0.05). No statistical significance among the laser groups (P>0.05) was observed. Morphology alterations also verified that S. mutans adhesion to laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s) was weaker than that of control group (scaling).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study demonstrated that Nd: YAG laser irradiation treatment after scaling can reduce smear layer, debris, and biofilm on the root surfaces as compared with conventional scaling. The laser treatment reduces the adhesion of S. mutans as well. However, Nd: YAG laser irradiation can cause cracks on the root surfaces. In this experiment, the optimum laser power of 6 W can thoroughly remove the smear layer and debris, as well as relatively improve the control of thermal damagee.</p>

The Protective Role of Interleukin-33 in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Is Associated with Decreased HMGB1 Expression and Up-Regulation of the P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism was not fully elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate whether IL-33 protects against myocardial I/R injury by regulating both P38 mitogen-activated-protein kinase (P38 MAPK), which is involved in one of the downstream signaling pathways of IL-33, and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a late pro-inflammatory cytokine. Myocardial I/R injury increased the level of IL-33 and its induced receptor (sST) in myocardial tissue. Compared with the I/R group, the IL-33 group had significantly lower cardiac injury (lower serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cTnI levels and myocardial infarct size), a suppressed inflammatory response in myocardial tissue (lower expression of HMGB1, IL-6, TNF-α and INF-γ) and less myocardial apoptosis (much higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio and lower cleaved caspase-3 expression). Moreover, IL-33 activated the P38 MAPK signaling pathway (up-regulating P-P38 expression) in myocardial tissue, and SB230580 partially attenuated the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects of IL-33. These findings indicated that IL-33 protects against myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses and myocardial apoptosis, which may be associated with the HMGB1 and P38 MAPK signaling pathways.

Interleukin 33 prevents myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats by activating P38-MAPK pathway / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of Interleukin 33 (IL-33) in preventing myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Methods A rat model with myocardial I/R with 32the adult male SD rats , which were randomly divided into 4 groups: SO group , I/R group , IL-33 + I/R group , SB230580 + IL-33 + I/R group. The levels of LDH, CK, TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, Bcl-2, total caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and P-P38 were detected. Results After reperfusion, IL-33 significantly decreased the levels of serum LDH and CK and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 , cleaved caspase-3 , but significantly increased the expressions of Bcl-2, p-P38 (P < 0.05). SB230580 attenuated the protective role of IL-33 on myocardial I/R in a certain degree. Conclusions IL-33 may prevent myocardial I/R injury via inhibiting inflammation and cardiocyteapoptosis by way of P38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Expression of plasma omentin -1 in patients with central obesity complicated essential hypertension and its clinical significance / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore expression of plasma omentin -1 in patients with central obesity (CO) complicated essential hypertension (EH) and its clinical significance .Methods : Serum level of omentin - 1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 57 CO patients without EH (pure CO group) and 67 CO complicated EH patients (CO + EH group) ,and 56 healthy subjects (normal control group) .Blood glucose ,blood lipid and biochemical indexes were compared and analyzed among three groups ,and Logistic multi - factor gradual regression analysis was used to perform risk factor analysis .Results : Serum omentin - 1 level in CO + EH group was significantly lower than those of pure CO group and normal control group [ (25.15 ± 3.95) ng/ml vs .(45.63 ± 9.66) ng/ml ,(53.12 ± 7.97) ng/ml , P 0.05 ;Logistic multi - factor gradual regression analysis indicated that age and homeostasis model - insulin resistance index (HOMA - IR ) were independent risk factors affecting EH occurrence in obese people (OR = 1.124 ,95% CI : 1.000 - 1.248 ,P = 0.049 ;OR = 3.446 ,95% CI : 1.087 - 5.607 ,P = 0.001) ,while serum omentin - 1 level was an independent protective factor (OR = 0.423 ,95% CI : 0.210 - 0.636 , P = 0.001) .Conclusion : Serum omentin - 1 level may possess certain guiding significance in early diagnosis ,prevention and treatment for patients with central obesity complicated essential hypertension .

Expression and its clinical significance of plasma omentin-1 in patients with coronary heart disease and central obesity / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the expression of and its clinical significance of plasma omentin-1 in coronary heart disease in central obesity. Methods Plasma omentin-1 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA)in 49 central obesity participants without coronary heart disease and 67 central obesity participants with coronary heart disease,as well as 56 normal healthy individuals as control group. In addition,glucose and lipid metabolism parameter and morphological characters were assessed. Finally multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk fact for coronary heart disease in central obesity. Results The serum plasma omentin-1 level of central obesity participants without coronary heart disease group was (45. 63 ± 9. 66)μg/L,much higher than those of people in and central obesity participants with coronary group ((30. 67 ± 6. 78 )μg/L,P ﹤0. 01 ),while lower than control group(( 53. 12 ± 7. 97 )μg/L,P ﹤ 0. 01 ) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that,age was independent risk factor of coronary heart disease in central obesity(OR=1. 176,95%CI:1. 012-1. 330,P=0. 041),while plasma omentin-1 and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were independent protective factors(OR=0. 576,95%CI:0. 254-0. 898,P=0. 000;OR=0. 466,95%CI:0. 242 -0. 690,P =000). Conclusion Detection of plasma omentin-1 level may play an important role in early diagnosis and prevention of coronary heart disease in central obesity.

Effects of preconditioning with sodium butyrate on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with sodium butyrate on myocardial I/R injury. Methods Anesthetized rats were treated with sodium butyrate (100 or 300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 mins before ischemia, and then subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h. LDH, CK, TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, infarct size, MDA and SOD activity were measured. The infracted size was tested by TTC assay; The expression of HMGB1 was observed by western blot. Results After 4 h reperfusion, pretreatment of sodium butyrate (300 mg/kg) could significantly reduce the infarct size and the levels of LDH and CK (P<0.05)comparing to the control group; inhibit the increase of the MDA level and the decrease of the SOD level(P<0.05), also inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 (all P < 0.05) induced by I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning of sodium butyrate can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting inflammation response.

Protective effect of resveratrol on ultraviolet A-irradiated human fibroblasts and its mechanism / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of resveratrol on ultraviolet A (UVA)-irradiated human fibroblasts and its mechanism.Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from normal human foreskin and subjected to primary culture and four passages of subculture.Then,some fibroblasts were incubated with various concentrations (0.01,0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L) of resveratrol for 6,24,48 and 72 hours separately,followed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay for the evaluation of cell proliferation.Some fibroblasts were classified into four groups:blank control group remaining untreated,UVA group irradiated with UVA only,0.01 and 0.1 mmol/L resveratrol groups receiving UVA irradiation immediately followed by treatment with resveratrol of 0.01 and 0.1 mmol/L respectively.The dose of UVA irradiation was consistently 10 J/cm2 in these groups.After additional culture for 6,24,48 and 72 hours,MTT assay was conducted to evaluate cell proliferation,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the levels of interleukin (IL)-1α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the culture supernatant.Results Resveratrol at 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts,with the strongest inhibitory effect observed at 72 hours when the cell survival rate was 31.99％ ± 8.29％ and 21.15％ ± 5.76％,respectively.After irradiation with UVA of 10 J/cm2,the survival rate of fibroblasts was 78.01％ ± 12.74％ at 6 hours and 80.64％ ± 36.12％ at 72 hours,compared to 100.04％ ± 10.78％ and 99.95％ ± 12.23％ in the blank control group respectively (both P ＜ 0.05); the supernatant levels of IL-1α,IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased compared with the blank control group at 6 hours ((58.39 ± 0.67) vs.(48.51 ± 6.20) ng/L,(1294.37 ± 92.51) vs.(1023.25 ± 86.40) pg/L,(197.81 ± 6.37) vs.(160.45 ± 7.19) ng/L,all P ＜ 0.05),and the increase still existed at 72 hours for IL-1β ((1236.76 ± 56.49) vs.(1045.55 ± 48.14) pg/L,P＜ 0.05) and IL-6 ((215.65 ± 3.78) vs.(195.09 ± 1.78) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the UVA group,the 0.01 mmol/L resveratrol group showed significantly higher survival rates at all the four time points (all P ＜ 0.05),but lower supernatant levels of IL-1α at 6,24 and 48 ((43.89 ± 3.60) vs.(51.77 ± 1.77) ng/L,P＜ 0.05) hours as well as IL-lβ and IL-6 at all the four time points (all P ＜ 0.05),while the 0.1 mmol/L resveratrol group experienced no significant changes in cell survival rate at any of the time points,with a significant decrease only in the supernatant level of IL-6 at 6 and 24 ((182.90 ± 6.67) vs.(240.62 ± 1.42) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05) hours.In detail,the survival rate of fibroblasts was 91.93％ ± 12.90％,with the supernatant level being (1110.12 ± 51.91) pg/L for IL-1β and (201.94 ± 4.71) ng/L for IL-6 at 72 hours in the 0.01 mmol/L resveratrol group,compared to 80.64％ ± 36.12％,(1236.76 ± 56.49) pg/L and (215.65 ± 3.78) ng/L respectively in the UVA group (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Resveratrol at 0.01 mmol/L has a protective effect on UVA-irradiated fibroblasts,likely by inhibiting the secretion of IL-1α,IL-1β and IL-6.

Changes of cardiac aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor in rats with chronic heart failure induced by isoproterenol / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of cardiac aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in Sprague-dawley (SD) rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) induced by isoproterenol (ISO). Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into CHF group (n=9) and normal control(NC) group (n=10). The experimental CHF group was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO, and the NC group received same dose injection of sodium chloride. The heart function was evaluated with both echocardiography and hemodynamics. The contents of aldosterone in both plasma and heart were assessed by radioimmunoassay. The expression of MR was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. Results Compared with NC group, the heart function was decreased in CHF group, the left ventricular ejection fraction was (38.8%±4.0%) in CHF and(79. 4%±4.6%), in NC group. The maximal rate of increase of ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax) was (7164.4±502.6) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)/s in CHF and (10199.5±462.9) mm Hg/s in NC group (both P＜0. 01 ). The contents of aldosterone both in plasma and heart were higher in CHF group than in NC group [(0.63±0.06)μg/L vs. (0.3±0.07) μg/L, (0.41±0.05) μg/kgvs. (0.08±0.01)μg/kg, both P＜0. 01]. The MR expression was increased in CHF group versus in NC group (P＜0.01). Conclusions The heart function is decreased in rats with CHF induced by ISO, which is similar to dilated cardiomyopathy. The higher levels of aldosterone both in circulation and in heart as and well as MR expression upregulation in heart may play important roles in the pathogenesis of CHF induced by ISO.

Efficacy of ablative fractionated Er:YAG laser in facial acne scars and enlarged pores / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of ablative fractionated erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser in facial acne scars and enlarged pores. Methods Forty-one patients with mild to moderate pitted acne scars and 23 patients with enlarged pores were treated with 81 (9 × 9) bits of facula for 3 to 5 sessions at an interval of 1 month. For acne scars, the pulse duration was medium to long, energy at 800 to 1200 mJ, and number of stacking passes 4 to 8; for enlarged pores, the pulse duration was medium, energy at 800 to 1000 mJ and number of stacking passes 2 to 4. The clinical improvement was evaluated by 2 blinded dermatologists. Meanwhile, the satisfaction rate was self-assessed by patients. Three-dimensional (3D) micro-topography imaging system was used to evaluate the improvement in surface roughness. Results The efficacy reached 82.93% and 86.96% for ache scars and enlarged pores, respectively. The satisfaction rate was 88.80% and 91.30% in patients with ache scars and those with enlarged pores, respectively. After treatment, the Ra and Rz values, as the indicators of roughness, decreased by 18.74% and 21.01%, individually (P < 0.001) in 11 patients including 6 with acne scars and 5 with enlarged pores. Conclusion Ablative fractionated Er:YAG laser can efficiently resurface pitted ache scars and shrink enlarged pores.

Expression and Significance of Cyclin A1 mRNA in the Skin of Wild-Type Mice / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To study the expression and significance of cyclin A1 in the skin of wild-type mice at RNA level.Methods Thirty 6-12-week old wild-type Kunming mice(15 male and 15 female)were included in this study.In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of cyclin A1 mRNA in the skin of head and neck of the mice.The skin treated without probe was regarded as negative control and the testis of male mice was taken as positive contr01.Results The expression of cyclin A1 mRNA was found in sebaceous glands of 25 mice and in epidermis of 12 mice.Strong positive staining of sebaceous glands was seen in 50% and positive staining in 33.3% of sections,whereas strong positive and positive staining of epidermis was seen in 13.3% and 20% of sections.respectively.The positive rate of sebaceous glands was 83.3%,much higher than that of epidermis(33.3%).Conclusions There is a quite high expression of eyelin A1 mRNA in the skin sebaceous gland and epidermis of head and neck of wild-type mice.Especially a strong expression is in the sebaceous glands.It indicates that cyclin A1 mRNA may play a certain role in the physiological function of sebaceous glands and epidermis of the skin.

Protective effect of green tea extracts on photoaging and photo-immunosuppression / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of green tea-based cream at different con- centrations on photoaging and photo-immunosuppression. Methods Twenty healthy female volunteers were enrolled into this study with informed consent. Green tea-based cream with a mass fraction of 2%-5% (pre- pared by adding green tea extracts to an emollient formulation), excipient or green tea extracts alone were applied to six unexposed sites on the back of these volunteers. Thirty minutes later, these treated sites were subjected to solar-simulated ultraviolet irradiation (ssUVR) with a 1.5-fold minimal erythema dose once a day for 4 days. At 6, 24 and 48 hours after the last irradiation, green tea-based cream were applied repeatedly to the corresponding sites. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the seven sites 72 hours following the last irradiation, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect cytokeratin 5/6 and 16 expression, as well as the densities of CDla- or HLA-DR-positive cells. Resttlts Green tea-based cream at a mass fraction of 2% to 3% could effectively prevent ssUVR-induced obvious erythema and hyperpigmentation. The posi- tivity (+) rates plus strong positivity (++) rates reached 50% and 25% for CK5/6 in the sites treated with ssUVR only and those irradiated and protected with green tea cream at a mass fraction of 3%, respectively, 69% and 31% in the sites treated with ssUVR only and those irradiated and protected with green tea-based cream at a mass fraction of 2%, respectively. Compared with the control site without irradiation or protec- tion, a decrease over 75% was noticed in the density of epidermal CD1a- or HLA-DR- positive Langerhans cells in the irradiated sites without protection, and green tea-based cream, especially those at a mass fraction of 3%, could effectively inhibit the density decrease. Conclusion Green tea extracts could effectively pro- tect skin from photoaging and photo-immunosuppression with the optimal mass fraction at 2% or 3%.

Efficacy of a new intense pulsed light device in the treatment of rosacea / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy of intense pulsed light(IPL)incorporated with optimal pulse technology (OPT)in the treatment of rosacea.Methods Thiris-two patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and 53 patients with papulopustular rosacea were treated with IPL-OPT for 4 sessions with an interval of 3 weeks.Patients were assessed clinically and photographically by physicians before each treatment.Skin melanin index,erythema index,sebum secretion level and water content in stratum corneum were tested at the baseline,3 weeks after each treatment,and 6 months after the last treatment.Results Three weeks after the last treatment,the effective(more than 60%improvement)rate WaS 81.18%in total,75%in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea,and 84.91%in papulopustular rosacea;there WaS no significant difference between erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and papulopustular rosacea (x2=1.28,P＞0.05).Six months after the last treatment,the total effective rate still remained at 78.82%with no significant difierence from that observed at 3 weeks after the treatment(x2=1.62,P＞0.05).The value of melanin index,erythema index and sebum secretion level decreased significantly after the final treatment,however,water content in stratum corneum remained at the salne level as that before treatment.After 6-month follow-up,no significant change was noticed in the above 4 parameters compared with those obtained at 3 weeks after the treatment.Neither hyperpigmentation nor hypopigmentation was observed during the treatment and follow-up.Conclusion This study demonstrates that IPL-OPT is an effective treatment for rosacea with relatively few side effects.

Effect of Ambroxol on Plasma Concentration and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Roxithromycin / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of ambroxol on plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of roxithromycin when healthy volunteers received roxithromycin and ambroxol. METHODS: In double-period cross-over experiment, 24 healthy male volunteers received roxithromycin tablets or roxithromycin tablets combined with ambroxol tablets. Serial venous blood samples were collected at different time points after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of roxithromycin were measured by LC-MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters of roxithromycin were calculated and analyzed by variance analysis. Drug interaction was detected by 90% confidence interval. RESULTS: Main pharmacokinetic parameters of roxithromycin tablets and drug combination were as follows: tmax(1.67?0.32)h vs. (1.67?0.41)h; Cmax(10.26?2.82) mg?L-1 vs. (10.86?3.19) mg?L-1; AUC0～72(110.19?35.18) mg?h?L-1 vs. (113.42?38.72)mg?h?L-1; AUC0～∞(111.70?36.23) mg?h?L-1 vs. (115.04?39.98) mg?h?L-1. CONCLUSION:? Ambroxol has no effect on the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of roxithromycin in healthy volunteers.

Determination of Gentiopicroside in Gentian Liver-purging Pill by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for determination of gentiopicroside in Gentian liver-purging pill. METHODS:The chromatographic separation was carried out on VP-ODS(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(15∶85) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The UV detection wavele-ngth was set at 270 nm and column temperature was kept at 25 ℃.RESULTS:The liner range of gentiopicroside was 0.355 4～5.331 ?g(r=0.999 8) and the average recovery was 100.05%(RSD=2.2%,n=6). CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and it is applicable for the quality control of Gentian liver-purging pill.

Preparation and Quality Control of Xiaodouning Cream / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Xiaodouning cream and establish a method for its quality control. METHODS: The cream was prepared using glycerol monstearate as matrix with clindamycin hydrochloride and metronidazole as principle agents. The contents of the principal agents were determined by HPLC. The stability of the cream within 6 months was investigated. RESULTS: The cream was well-distributed and delicate with suitable viscidity,and it met the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 edition) in test and identification. The linear ranges of clindamycin hydrochloride and metronidazole were 2.342～11.71 ?g (r=0.999 8) and 0.97～4.85 ?g (r=0.999 8),respectively,with average recoveries at 98.3% (RSD=0.7%) and 100.3% (RSD=1.6%),respectively. In the stability test,no obvious change was noted for all indexes. CONCLUSION: The preparation technology of this cream is simple and feasible and its quality is stable and controllable.