An Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Integrated Resources Portal (IBDIRP).

IBD, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic and debilitating gastrointestinal disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Research on IBD has generated massive amounts of data, including literature, metagenomics, metabolomics, bioresources and databases. We aim to create an IBD Integrated Resources Portal (IBDIRP) that provides the most comprehensive resources for IBD. An integrated platform was developed that provides information on different aspects of IBD research resources, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes, transcriptome, microbiota, metabolomics, single cells and other resources. Valuable and comprehensive IBD-related data were collected from PubMed, Google, GMrepo, gutMega, gutMDisorder, Single Cell Portal and other sources. Then, the data were systematically sorted, and these resources were manually curated. We systematically sorted and cataloged more than 320 unique risk SNPs associated with IBD in the SNP section. We presented over 289 IBD-related genes based on the database collection in the gene section. We also obtained 153 manually curated IBD transcriptomics data, including 12 388 samples, on the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The sorted IBD-related microbiota data from three primary microbiome databases (GMrepo, gutMega and gutMDisorder) were available for download. We selected 23 149 IBD-related taxonomic records from these databases. Additionally, we collected 24 IBD metabolomics studies with 2896 participants in the metabolomics section. We introduced two interactive single-cell data plug-in units that provided data visualization based on cells and genes. Finally, we listed 18 significant IBD web resources, such as the official European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation and International Organization for the Study of IBD websites, IBD scoring tools, IBD genetic and multi-omics resources, IBD biobanks and other useful research resources. The IBDIRP website is the first integrated resource for global IBD researchers. This portal will help researchers by providing comprehensive knowledge and enabling them to reinforce the multidimensional impression of IBD. The IBDIRP website is accessible via www.ibdirp.com Database URL: www.ibdirp.com.

Research progress of B lymphocytes in non-infectious uveitis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Non-infectious uveitis, an autoimmune disease that can cause severe visual impairment, can be difficult to treat. According to the prevailing hypothesis, the immune-mediated imbalance that contributes to non-infectious uveitis is primarily driven by CD4+T cells. However, recent research has shown that B cells also play a significant role in this process, participating in various ways such as antibody production, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion in both human uveitis and experimental autoimmune uveitis models. Therapies targeting B cells have been used extensively in various autoimmune diseases. Rituximab, a B-cell inhibitor, is effective in treating noninfectious uveitis that is unresponsive to conventional corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. This paper provides an overview of the involvement of B cells in non-infectious uveitis and their potential use in cellular therapies, aiming to further investigate the mechanisms and develop more effective strategies for prevention and treatment.

The Empirical Study on the Construction of Ethics Committee in Municipal Hospitals in Shanxi Province / 中国医学伦理学

To analyze the main factors influencing the ethical review work of municipal hospitals in Shanxi Province by investigating the current situation of the construction and operation of ethics committees, and to put forward reasonable suggestions for improving the work of ethics committees. Questionnaire surveys and interviews were used to investigate the composition of ethics committees, systems and standard operating procedures, personnel training, review project methods, time limits, etc. of 24 hospitals at municipal levels in Shanxi Province. The establishment and system of ethics committees in tertiary hospitals at prefecture and city level were basically reasonable, and they could actively play the role of ethics committees. At present, most hospitals do not pay enough attention to the work of ethics committees, lack of full-time staff and systematic training, resulting in insufficient ethics review capabilities. The construction of the ethics committee of the second-level hospital is a mere formality, and no substantive work has been carried out. It is recommended to strengthen the supervision, increase the training of ethics committees and researchers, improve the information management of ethics committees, and establish regional ethics committees to further improve the ability and efficiency of ethics review.

Deciphering the chemical profile and pharmacological mechanism of Jinlingzi powder against bile reflux gastritis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q exactive focus mass spectrometry, network pharmacology, and molecular docking.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the chemical profile and the pharmacological mechanism by which Jinlingzi powder (, JLZP) treats bile reflux gastritis (BRG). METHODS: A BRG model was established in rats by oral administration of the model solution. JLZP was orally administered for 35 d. Residual gastric rate and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and gastrin levels in the serum were measured, and stomach tissues were collected for histopathological analysis. We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive Focus mass spectrometry to identify the chemical ingredients in JLZP. Then, protein-protein interaction and herb-compound-target networks were constructed to screen potential bioactive compounds and targets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was then performed to elucidate the pathway involved in the JLZP-mediated treatment of BRG. After constructing the core compound-target-pathway interaction network, molecular docking was performed to study the binding free energy of core bioactive compounds and two candidate targets [RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PIK3CA)]. RESULTS: JLZP extracts significantly promoted gastric emptying, regulating the release of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and improving gastrin secretion and mucosal repair. Fifty-six compounds were tentatively characterized in JLZP. Moreover, the network pharmacology and molecular docking results showed that alkaloids and flavonoids might be the bioactive compounds in JLZP that treat BRG. JLZP might improve mucosal repair during BRG progression by modulating the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase-protein kinase B, hypoxia inducible factor-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase, forkhead box O, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: We elucidated the chemical constituents and the pharmacological mechanism of JLZP in treating BRG and provided a basis for clinical application.

Comparison of the efficacy of transurethral columnar balloon dilation of prostate and transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection of prostate in the treatment of small volume (≤30 mL) benign prostatic hyperplasia / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To explore the efficacy of transurethral columnar balloon dilation of prostate (TUCBDP) and transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection of prostate (TUPKP) for patients with small volume (≤30 mL) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the effects on urinary control and sexual function. 【Methods】 Clinical data of BPH patients who underwent surgical treatment during Jun.2021 and Jan.2022 were reviewed. A total of 95 patients with prostate volume ≤30 mL and regular sexual life were selected as subjects, including 45 patients who received TUCBDP as the TUCBDP group and 50 patients who received TUPKP as the TUPKP group. The patients were followed up for 12 months, and the perioperative data and follow-up results were analyzed. 【Results】 The TUCBDP group had shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative hemoglobin loss and sodium concentration loss, shorter bladder irrigation time, lower pain score, shorter urinary tube indwelling time and shorter hospital stay than the TUPKP group (P0.05). The TUPKP group had worse ejaculation function score and ejaculation disturbance score after surgery (P0.05), and the two indexes were superior in the TUCBDP group than in the TUPKP group. The TUCBDP group had significantly lower complication rate than the TUPKP group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 TUCBDP is safe and effective in the treatment of small volume (≤30 mL) BPH, less trauma, less biochemical interference, less pain, fewer complications, and shorter course of disease. It has little effect on the ejaculation function and erectile function, and is more suitable for patients requiring retention of sexual function. It has a good application prospect in the treatment of small volume BPH.

Early application of tacrolimus extended-release capsule after kidney transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus extended-release (Tac-ER) in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 68 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from 34 pairs of renal allografts were retrospectively analyzed. Two recipients who received bilateral kidneys from the same donor were treated with Tac-ER (Tac-ER group) and tacrolimus immediate-release (Tac-IR) (Tac-IR group) as one of the basic immunosuppressant. The changes of tacrolimus dosage and blood concentration, intra-patient variability (IPV), renal function, incidence of acute rejection, recipient and allograft survival rates and adverse events were statistically compared between two groups. Results The average daily dose of tacrolimus in the Tac-ER group was significantly higher than that in the Tac-IR group (F=8.386, P=0.005). In the Tac-ER group, the mean trough concentration at postoperative 4 d was (6.14±4.04) ng/mL, did not reach the target concentration, significantly lower than (9.41±5.47) ng/mL in the Tac-IR group (F=7.854, P=0.007). In the Tac-ER group, the IPV of trough concentration of tacrolimus within postoperative 1 month was significantly higher than that in the Tac-IR group (0.44±0.15 vs. 0.36±0.12, P=0.032). At postoperative 6 months, there was no significant difference in the renal function between two groups [serum creatinine level was (126±26) μmol/L vs. (120±28) μmol/L, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was (56±13) mL/(min·1.73 m2) vs. (60±15) mL/(min·1.73 m2), both P > 0.05]. The allograft and recipient survival rates were 100% in both groups. The incidence of acute rejection within postoperative 1 month was 18% in the Tac-ER group and 3% in the Tac-IR group, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse events was 94% in the Tac-ER group and 97% in the Tac-IR group, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of Tac-ER are equivalent to those of Tac-IR, whereas a higher dose of Tac-ER should be orally given to reach the blood concentration similar to that of Tac-IR. During early-stage drug treatment, Tac-ER should be orally given before kidney transplantation or inittally with loading dose, aiming to increase the systemic exposure to tacrolimus early after kidney transplantation and prevent acute rejection caused by insufficient exposure.

Research progress on pharmacological mechanism of polygona-polysaccharose / 国际中医中药杂志

Polygona-polysaccharose is an important indicator to measure the quality of Polygonati Rhizoma. The polygona-polysaccharose has the effect of lowering blood sugar, regulating blood lipid, anti-fatigue, improving learning and memory ability. The Polygonati Rhizoma, as a Chinese herbal medicine with homology of medicine and food, has a good prospect and application value in the development of food and health products.

Status of anemic among kindergarten children within Suzhou urban area from 2018 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation and trends of anemia among kindergarten children in urban area of Suzhou from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and intervention in anemia among kindergarten children.@*Methods@#From March 2023, a total of 24 178 person times of children from 59 kindergartens selected by random number table method were enrolled, and their physical examination data from 2018 to 2022 were collected, including hemoglobin (Hb), height, gender, weight. The period of 2018-2019 was defined as before the COVID-19 epidemic, and period of 2020-2022 was defined as the COVID-19 epidemic. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test, χ 2 test and Spearman s correlation analysis.@*Results@#From 2018 to 2019, the M ( P 25 ， P 75 ) of Hb levels of children in nursery, middle, and senior class were 118 (112, 129), 120 (112, 132) and 122 (113, 134)g/L, respectively, which were higher than that of during 2020-2022 [116(110, 123), 117(111, 124) , 119(112, 126)g/L, Z =-10.7, -12.7, -12.9, P <0.05]. A total of 4 584 person times of children were anemic, with a detection rate of 19.0%. The overall anemia detection rate of kindergarten children during 2018-2019 was lower than that in 2020-2022 (15.3% vs 20.7%, χ 2=100.8, P <0.05). The anemia detection rate of kindergarten children in 2022 (24.5%) was higher than that in 2020 (20.6%) and in 2021 (17.0%) ( χ 2=93.9, P <0.05). The anemia prevalence of children in the nursery, middle, and senior class were 13.9%, 14.7% and 17.1% during 2018-2019, 19.3%, 15.9% and 26.6% during 2020-2022, and 17.6%, 15.5% and 23.6% during 2018-2022, respectively ( χ 2=10.7, 204.6, 186.8, P <0.01). There was no statistically significant correlation between Hb values and body mass index (BMI) in boys and girls with anemia, and all children in kindergarten ( r=0.03, 0.03, 0.09, P ＞0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of anemia among kindergarten children in the urban area of Suzhou is relatively high. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the risk of anemia among children.

Method exploration of telephone follow-up in clinical research / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Telephone follow-up is one of the important ways to follow up patients. High-quality follow-up can benefit both doctors and patients. However, clinical research-related follow-up is often faced with problems such as time-consuming, laborious and poor patient compliance. The authors belong to a team that has been committed to the study of patient-reported outcomes for a long time. The team has carried out long-term follow-up of symptoms, daily function and postoperative complications of more than 1 000 patients after lung cancer surgery, and accumulated certain experience. In this paper, the experience of telephone follow-up was summarized and discussed with relevant literatures from the aspects of clarifying the purpose of clinical research follow-up, understanding the needs of patients in follow-up, and using follow-up skills.

Construction of a core competence evaluation index system for NICU nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct the evaluation index system of core competence for NICU nurses, and to provide basis for training and assessment.Methods:The first draft of the core competence model and evaluation index system for nurses in the NICU was constructed by literature review, and group discussions. The Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of consultation with 19 experts from 8 provinces and cities, and the weight of indexes at all levels was determined by the Delphi method and Precedence Chart method.Results:The constructed evaluation index system for the core competence of nurses in the NICU included 5 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 34 third-level indicators. In the two rounds of expert consultation, the experts′ positive coefficients were all 100%, the authority coefficients were 0.934 and 0.945, and the Kendall′s rank-order correlation coefficients of all levels of indicators were 0.255-0.309, 0.202-0.297, all P<0.01. Conclusions:The evaluation index system for NICU nurses is scientific, reliable and feasible, which can be used in clinical nursing.

Content determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Shexiang zhuanggu plaster and its quality evaluation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the method for the content determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Shexiang zhuanggu plaster ，and to evaluate the quality of 222 batches of Shexiang zhuanggu plaster from 41 manufacturers. METHODS HPLC method was established. The determination was performed on Shimadzu Shim-pack GIS-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphoric acid （3∶97，V/V）at the flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，the detection wavelength was 210 nm，the sample size was 10 μL. Taking the content data of 222 batches of samples as index ，the cluster heatmap was drawn by Hiplot biomedical data visualization and analysis platform. RESULTS The results of the methodological investigation were in line with the requirements of the general principles stated in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ ）. The total contents of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in 222 batches of samples from 41 manufacturers were 0.646-6.325 μg/cm2. Results of cluster heatmap analysis showed that these samples of 41 manufacturers could be divided into 3 categories. The contents of components in samples from different manufacturers varied greatly ，and the contents of components in different batches of samples from the same manufacturers also varied greatly. If the proposed limit of this product was that the total amount of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride per 1 cm2 would not be less than 1.00 μg，23 of the 222 batches of samples were unqualified. CONCLUSIONS The established method for the content determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Shexiang zhuanggu plaster is accurate and precise ，and can be used for the quality control. Some manufacturers should pay attention to optimizing production process and strengthening quality control.

A survey of inflammatory bowel disease in China based on the Google Trends, Baidu index and WeChat index / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological trends and population characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in China by searching keywords related to IBD through Google Trends, Baidu index, and WeChat index, so as to provide a reference for national epidemiological studies on IBD.Methods:IBD-related hot words such as "inflammatory bowel disease" , "Crohn′s disease" , "ulcerative colitis" , "gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)" , "irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)" and " Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori)" were selected. The search volume and trends of the above keywords in the world and China were analyzed through Google Trends, Baidu index and WeChat index. The epidemiological characteristics of IBD in China were summarized. Descriptive methods were used for statistical analysis. Results:The results of Google Trends analysis showed that among 5 common digestive diseases (GERD, IBS, H. pylori infection, IBD and peptic ulcer), GERD was the most concerned disease, while IBD was not the focus among the common digestive diseases. When the global searching scope was limited to IBD related hot words, Crohn′s disease was the disease of primary concern among IBD-related diseases. In South America, South Asia, and parts of Africa, ulcerative colitis was mainly concerned, and in China and countries of Southeast Asia, IBD was more concerned. The searching results of Baidu index indicated that among the national search for IBD-related hot words, the 3 keywords of "inflammatory bowel disease" , "ulcerative colitis" and "Crohn′s disease" were all highly searched, the overall daily average of the search indexes of the 3 keywords were 325, 1 320 and 2 559, respectively, and the searching volume of "Crohn′s disease" was higher than "inflammatory bowel disease" and "ulcerative colitis" . The national wide trends of search volume for "inflammatory bowel disease" , "ulcerative colitis" and "Crohn′s disease" were similar, the search heat gradually decreased from the east coast to the northwest of China, which basically coincided with the three-level ladder trend of China′s economic development, suggesting that the level of economic development was related to the incidence of IBD. The results of Baidu index analysis showed that the main populations who searched IBD-related keywords were young adults and women aged from 20 to 39 years old. The results of WeChat index analysis revealed that the searching volume of "inflammatory bowel disease" , "ulcerative colitis" and "Crohn′s disease" were 205 000, 195 000 and 120 000, respectively, and the search volume for " inflammatory bowel disease" was the highest. The official account (90.27%) and the video account (7.43%) occupied the main sources of IBD-related information on mobile terminals. Conclusions:The IBD-associated internet activities reveal a global lack of public awareness of IBD. China also faces the same problem. The search trend is consistent with the epidemiology of IBD, which may be helpful for future epidemiological research of IBD in China. Mobile media will be a potential force in promoting the patient education and disease management of IBD in China.

A study on the medical reference value of serum iodine and its correlation with thyroid function indicators in adults with normal thyroid function in Liaoning Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the levels of serum iodine and thyroid function indicators in adults with normal thyroid function in Liaoning Province, to establish the medical reference value range of serum iodine, and to explore the relationship between serum iodine and thyroid function indicators.Methods:From February 2017 to December 2018, one subdistrict and one rural township were selected as the survey sites in the coastal area (Gaizhou City of Yingkou) and inland area (Kangping County of Shenyang) of Liaoning Province, respectively. Permanent residents aged 18 and older who have lived there for 5 years or more were selected as the survey subjects. Blood samples were collected to test the levels of serum iodine and thyroid function indicators [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)]. The percentile method was used to establish the 95% medical reference value range of serum iodine in adults with normal thyroid function, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum iodine and thyroid function indicators. Results:A total of 1 621 adults with normal thyroid function were examined, the median serum iodine was 62.0 μg/L, and the 95% medical reference value range was preliminarily determined as 37.0-103.0 μg/L. Among them, the medians serum iodine of males and females (826 and 795 cases) were 62.3 and 61.0 μg/L, respectively, and there was no significant difference between genders ( Z=- 1.26, P = 0.210). The medians serum iodine of adults in coastal and inland areas (827 and 794 cases) were 61.7 and 61.9 μg/L, respectively, and there was no significant difference between areas ( Z = - 0.16, P = 0.870). The medians serum iodine of adults aged 18 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59 and 60 - 80 (385, 392, 378, 253 and 213 cases) were 61.0, 61.0, 63.0, 65.0 and 62.0 μg/L, respectively, and the difference between ages was statistically significant ( H = 14.52, P = 0.006). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum iodine was weakly correlated with the level of FT 4 ( r = 0.17, P < 0.001), but not with the levels of TSH, TPOAb and TgAb ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:This study has established the medical reference value range of serum iodine in adults with normal thyroid function in Liaoning Province. Serum iodine is not correlated with the levels of TSH, TPOAb and TgAb.

Synergetic delivery of triptolide and Ce6 with light-activatable liposomes for efficient hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been known as the second common leading cancer worldwide, as it responds poorly to both chemotherapy and medication. Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide, is a promising treatment agent for its effective anticancer effect on multiple cancers including HCC. However, its clinical application has been limited owing to its severe systemic toxicities, low solubility, and fast elimination in the body. Therefore, to overcome the above obstacles, photo-activatable liposomes (LP) integrated with both photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic drug TP (TP/Ce6-LP) was designed in the pursuit of controlled drug release and synergetic photodynamic therapy in HCC therapy. The TP encapsulated in liposomes accumulated to the tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Under laser irradiation, the photosensitizer Ce6 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further oxidized the unsaturated phospholipids. In this way, the liposomes were destroyed to release TP. TP/Ce6-LP with NIR laser irradiation (TP/Ce6-LP+L) showed the best anti-tumor effect both

Comparative Analysis of Three Massive Medical Image Storage Technologies / 中国医疗器械杂志

Nowadays, the massive medical data have already influenced the information construction in medical institutes, so it is not enough to solely rely on traditional local storage system to solve the problems like the read/write speed, visualization, and economy brought about by the massive data. Furthermore, various medical cloud services have been developed at home and abroad that patients' medical data can be shared through all medical institutes on the cloud, which makes a higher demand on the transmission speed of the medical data. This article analyzes from multiple aspects like high availability and costs by performing a medical image transmission speed test on the three mainstream storage technologies to provide an optional storage system for future medical image big data in the access process. The experimental result shows that it can be found that in the process of accessing medical image big data, the access speed and performance of object storage system is better than those of the existing local storage systems. However, with comprehensive consideration, it is recommended that the distributed file storage system like HDFS be the first choice for the storage system of the medical images.

Definition of Core Competitiveness of Drug Manufacturing Enterprises and Construction of Its Evaluation System / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To define the core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises ，and build its evaluation system. METHODS ：With“core competitiveness ”and“pharmaceutical”as Chinese and English keywords ，the laws ，policies and interpretation documents published on relevant Chinese government websites （from the inception/establishment of the database to June 2020，the same below ）were retrieved. Related literatures were collected from PubMed ，Embase，CBM，Wanfang database ， CNKI，VIP databases. The evidence-based research method was adopted to define the core competitiveness and elements of drug manufacturing enterprises. Based on above elements and retrieval method ，guideline database （National Guideline Clearinghouse ， Guidelines International Network ，Trip database ，The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ）and systematic review ， health technology assessment （HTA），health economics evaluation research databases （NHS Economic Evaluation Database ，the Cochrane Library ，HTA，etc.）were retrieved. The output indexes of the core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises were extracted ；according to the principles of scientificity ，hierarchy，comparability and comprehensiveness ，the evaluation system of core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises was constructed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The definition of core competitiveness of drug manufacturers is proposed as the strategic needs of the enterprises ，actively undertaking major national science and technology projects ，introducing top scientific and technological talents at home and abroad ，having independent intellectual property rights ，enhancing the ability of scientific and technological support ，strengthening original innovation ， increasing R&D investment ， strengthening key technology breakthrough ， perfecting the innovation mechanism of enterprises-univerisities-researches integration with enterprises as the main body. The elements included original innovation ， 60362951。 R&D investment and scientific and technological talents. Atotal of 25 original innovation output indexes [including two aspects of innovation system （such as national science and technology innovation base ，national laboratory ），innovation achievements （such as National Natural Science Award ， National Technological Invention Award ）]，1 R&D input-output indicator （R&D amount ），7 scientific and technological talent output indicators of production enterprises （such as those selected in the “National Million Talent Project ”，“National Outstanding Scientific and Technological Talents ”award） were extracted. The evaluation system composed of original innovation ，R&D investment and scientific and technological talents is constructed ，which can provide objective evaluation for core competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises.

Comparison of the Contents of Multiple Constituents in Different Medicinal Parts of Porana racemosa / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of eight constituents ，such as scopolin ， scopoletin，chlorogenic acid ，cryptochlorogenic acid ，neochlorogenic acid ，isochlorogenic acid A ，isochlorogenic acid B ，and isochlorogenic acid C ，in different medicinal parts （stems，twigs and leaves ）of Porana racemosa ，and to compare the contents of eight constituents . METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent TC-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphate acid （gradient elution ） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and the detection wavelength was set at 345 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. The contents of above constituents in stems ，twigs and leaves of P. racemosa were compared ，and the principal component analysis was carried out by Markerlynx XS software. RESULTS ：The linear range of scopolin ，scopoletin，chlorogenic acid ，cryptochlorogenic acid ， neochlorogenic acid ，isochlorogenic acid A ，isochlorogenic acid B ，and isochlorogenic acid C were 0.076 4- 7.64，0.062 8-6.28， 0.090 8-9.08，0.080 0-8.00，0.057 6-5.76，0.094 4-9.44，0.086 0-8.60，0.078 8-7.88 mg/L，respectively（all r＞0.999）. RSDs of precision，stability（24 h）and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％. The average recoveries were 99.71％（RSD＝1.36％， n＝6），100.39％（RSD＝1.76％，n＝6），99.20％（RSD＝1.75％，n＝6），100.04％（RSD＝2.63％，n＝6），98.57％（RSD＝1.99％， n＝6），99.68％（RSD＝1.84％，n＝6），99.90％（RSD＝1.88％，n＝6），99.76％（RSD＝1.47％，n＝6），respectively. The average contents of above eight constituents were 9.725 3，1.286 5，7.271 3，1.347 6，0.997 7，0.710 9，0.656 3，0.364 7 mg/g in stems ； those were 0.690 3，0.411 7，4.394 3，0.639 6，0.531 3，1.392 7，0.989 1，1.129 2 mg/g in twigs ；those were 1.195 1，0.691 1， 27.952 9，6.173 4，1.405 1，0.549 7，0.288 8，0.794 2 mg/g in leaves ，respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that different parts of P. racemosa could be divided into 3 categories. Among them ，most of the stems ofP. racemosa gathered in the first quadrant of score plot ，all the twigs gathered in the third quadrant ， and all the leaves 分m gathered in the fourth quadrant. CONCLUSIONS ：Established method is simple and reproducible ，and can be used for the determination of 8 constituents in different medicinal parts of P. racemosa. The average contents of neochlorogenic acid ，chlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid in the leaves of P. racemosa are relatively high ；the contents of isochlorogenic acid B ，isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C in the twigs are relatively high；the average contents of scopolin and scopoletin in the stems are also relatively high.

Assessment of the risk of incident heart failure in patients with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible cohort studies.

INTRODUCTION: A relation between cardiovascular diseases and bone health is increasingly reported. However, the association between osteoporosis and incident heart failure (HF) has not been yet determined. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to summarize available evidence to evaluate whether osteoporosis was associated with an increased risk of incident HF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Major databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials, were searched for cohort studies reporting the hazard ratio (HR) for incident HF in patients with osteoporosis. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated by using a random­effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 statistics and the χ2 test. RESULTS: Three studies with a total of 70 697 patients were included, with the mean (SD) age of 62.9 (13.3) years. Osteoporosis was associated with an increased overall risk of incident HF (pooled HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08-1.26; P <0.001; heterogeneity I2 = 13.28%, P = 0.32). The risk of incident HF was elevated in osteoporotic men (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.05-1.62; P = 0.02; I2 = 71.57%, P = 0.03); however, no significant association was found for women (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.94-1.37; P = 0.19; I2 = 64.66%, P = 0.06). The association between osteoporosis and incident HF risk was positive among individuals of Asian ethnicity (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.3; P = 0.002; I2 = 52.61%, P = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Osteoporosis was associated with a modest but significantly increased risk of incident HF. Considering the limited number and quality of available studies, future high­quality data are required to further demonstrate the association between osteoporosis and incident HF.

Social Distancing Interventions in the United States: An Exploratory Investigation of Determinants and Impacts

BackgroundTo combat the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States, many states and Washington DC enacted Stay-at-Home order and nonpharmaceutical mitigation interventions. This study examined the determinants of the timing to implement an intervention. Through an impact analysis, the study explored the effects of the interventions and the potential risks of removing them under the context of reopening the economy. MethodA content analysis identified nine types of mitigation interventions and the timing at which states enacted these strategies. A proportional hazard model, a multiple-event survival model, and a random-effect spatial error panel model in conjunction with a robust method analyzing zero-inflated and skewed outcomes were employed in the data analysis. FindingsTo our knowledge, we provided in this article the first explicit analysis of the timing, determinants, and impacts of mitigation interventions for all states and Washington DC in the United States during the first five weeks of the pandemic. Unlike other studies that evaluate the Stay-at-Home order by using simulated data, the current study employed the real data of various case counts of Covid-19. The study obtained two meritorious findings: (1) states with a higher prevalence of Covid-19 cases per 10,000 population reacted more slowly to the outbreak, suggesting that some states may have missed the optimal timing to prevent the wide spread of the Covid-19 disease; and (2) of nine mitigation measures, three (non-essential business closure, large-gathering bans, and restaurant/bar limitations) showed positive impacts on reducing cumulative cases, new cases, and death rates across states. InterpretationThe opposite direction of the prevalence rate on the timing of issuing the mitigation interventions partially explains why the Covid-19 caseload in the U.S. remains high. A swift implementation of social distancing is crucial-- the key is not whether such measures should be taken but when. Because there is no preventive vaccine and because there are few potentially effective treatments, recent reductions in new cases and deaths must be due, in large part, to the social interventions delivered by states. The study suggests that the policy of reopening economy needs to be implemented carefully.

Trend of disease burden of drowning in Chongqing residents, 2012-2018 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the trend of the mortality and disease burden of drowning in Chongqing and provide suggestions for drowning prevention and control. Methods The information data on drowning deaths in Chongqing (ICD-10 code: W65-W74) from 2012 to 2018 were collected. SPSS 25.0 software was used to calculate and analyze indicators such as mortality, age standardized mortality rate by Chinese population (ASMRC), years of life lost with premature death (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). The differences of drowning mortality between male and female, urban and rural areas were tested by Chi-square test. The trend of drowning mortality and disease burden was calculated as annual percent change (APC) using curve-estimation model of logistic regression. The difference of APC was tested by t-test (α=0.05). Results The mortality and ASMRC of drowning decreased from 4.90/100 000 and 4.87/100 000 in 2012 to 3.85/100 000 and 3.59/100 000 in 2018, respectively. The APCs were -3.34% and -4.49%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the change trend (t value: 2.34 and 2.42, P>0.05). The mortality of drowning in the male was higher than that in the female (P0.05). Conclusion The mortality and disease burden of drowning in Chongqing showed a decreasing trend, which was lower than the national average level. Children, male and elderly people are the vulnerable population to prevent drowning, and rural areas are the key areas to prevent drowning.