ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common diseases in China. The incidence of CRS in the Chinese urban population is between 5 and 15%. It is difficult to cure with traditional surgery. Endoscopic sinus surgery is the first choice for the treatment of CRS. Compared with developed countries, the development of the clinical pathway of endoscopic sinus surgery in China is still unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim is to explore whether the clinical pathway of endonasal sinus surgery is better than the traditional one in the Chinese population. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang database of Chinese Journals, and VIP database of Chinese Journals. The last retrieval date was August 24, 2018. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for comprehensive quantification data analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen papers involving 1,882 patients were included in this study. The results showed that compared with the traditional pathway, the clinical pathway can effectively shorten the average number of hospitalization days (mean difference, MD = -2.00, 95% CI: -2.50, -1.49). In total, 10 of the 14 papers, with a total of 1,500 patients, proved that the clinical pathway can effectively reduce the hospitalization costs of patients (standard mean difference, SMD = -3.15, 95% CI: -4.20, -2.10); 11 of the 14 papers, with a total of 1,488 patients, proved that the clinical pathway can effectively improve patients' knowledge of health (95% CI:1.03, 1.09); and 7 of the 14 papers, with a total of 810 patients, proved that the clinical pathway can effectively improve patient satisfaction (95% CI:1.10, 1.20). CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review and meta-analysis support the use of the clinical pathway in patients with endoscopic sinus surgery in China.
Subject(s)
Critical Pathways/organization & administration , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Sinusitis/surgery , China , Chronic Disease , Humans , NoseABSTRACT
In this study, road runoff, rainwater, ground sediment and roadside tree water samples were collected from three types of roads in Beijing in 2006. The samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The average PAH concentrations in each media in May-June were generally higher than those in July-August. Factor analysis indicated that PAHs in road runoff were mainly from ground sediment, and rainwater and roadside tree water also had certain influence to road runoff. Multiple regression analysis indicated that PAHs in ground sediment and road runoff mainly come from vehicular emission at the vehicle way and branch road, and at the bicycle way, the contributions of vehicular emission and coal combustion were equal. PAHs in rain were mainly from coal/oil combustion, and PAHs in roadside tree water were dominated by vehicular emission source.
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Vehicle Emissions/analysis , Water Movements , China , Environmental Monitoring , RainABSTRACT
The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) in muscle, skin, liver, stomach, heart, eggs, feed and feces of chicken from a poultry farm were determined by GC-ECD. The residue level of total HCHs (SigmaHCHs) in muscle, skin, liver, stomach and heart were (0.35 +/- 0.37), (3.91 +/- 2.52), (1.78 +/- 1.26), (1.00 +/- 0.85), (1.35 +/- 0.75) ng/g (wet weight), while the lipid normalized concentrations were (64.3 +/- 171), (19.6 +/- 7.33), (64.9 +/- 27.2), (74.5 +/- 74.1), (17.8 +/- 4.42) ng/g, respectively,which are far lower than the Maximum Residue Limits for Food in China. Among all tissue samples, the highest lipid-normalized concentration was observed in the liver and no significant differences were observed among other organs. delta-HCH was the predominant isomer in chicken feed, stomach and faces, while beta-HCH owned the highest concentration in all other samples. beta-HCH was enriched in muscle, skin, liver, stomach and heart, while alpha-HCH and delta-HCH were also enriched in liver. Significant difference was revealed between male and female chicken in terms of bioaccumulation, indicating higher bioaccumulation ability of the former.
