ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairments with progressive loss of memory and behavioral disorder.Up to now,there is no effective therapy or drug to cure AD.Recent studies have shown p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD,while the extracellular domain of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75ECD) has neuroprotective effect and can attenuate the development and progression of AD.Therefore,p75ECD is a research-hotspot for prevention and treatment of AD.Here,recent studies are reviewed to learn about the advances of p75ECD in the prevention and therapy of AD and provide references for getting novel methods and drugs to treat AD.
ABSTRACT
Three compounds with anti-inflammatory activity were isolated from Schinus molle fruits. Two of the compounds were identified as 3- epi-isomasticadienolalic acid ( 1), isomasticadienonalic acid ( 2) and chamaejasmin ( 3). Triterpenes 1 and 2, and biflavanone 3 were tested on two models of mice paw inflammation: one of acute inflammation, induced by subcutaneous injection of either phospholipase A (2) (PLA (2)) or carrageenan in the paws of mice, and one of chronic inflammation in the form of eczema, provoked by repeated administration of TPA to the ears of mice. On the PLA (2)-induced mouse paw oedema, only 2 was active (30 mg/kg, 66 % inhibition at 60 min), whereas all compounds reduced the chronic model of inflammation (48 to 26 % of swelling reduction), but only triterpenes reduced the leukocyte infiltration, measured as tissue peroxidase activity. In the case of the carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema, only 3 led to a reduction of the swelling 3 h after challenge (50 mg/kg, 46 % oedema inhibition). In addition, 3 inhibited the LTB (4) production in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes with an IC (50) value of 29.8 microM, while triterpenes showed toxicity against cells at 100 microM.
