[Stimulation of Research in Biomedicine. Role of Effective Contract].

Background: Analysis of publication activity in the field of biomedicine shows insignificant input of Russia in the world scientific product. This is largely due to the lack of incentives for researchers. Article describes stimulation of researchers in Russia, compares it with foreign models, formulates main shortcomings of support and stimulation of research in Russia and introduces the concept of effective contract. Aims: Development of personnel motivation and stimulation of employees of scientific and research organizations in the field of health. Materials and Methods: As a successful experience the article describes the implementation of effective contract in Veltishev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics where for years remuneration of researchers depended upon their positions without consideration of research results. Effective contract brought significant changes in the traditional system setting new performance and efficiency criteria. New evaluation system took into account publication activity, presentation activity, implementation of research results, raising scientific personnel, thesis work and income-generating activities. Results: Introduction of effective contract already in the second year led to a rise in the number of foreign publications, publications in journals with impact factor of more than 2, the general increase in the number of articles in peer-reviewed journals with impact factor more than 0.3, the growth of the number of articles by 1 researcher, Hirsch index improving both by individual employees and the entire Institute, increase of grant activity and presentation activity at top-rated professional congresses. The growth of publication and presentation activities has been achieved at the reduction of research staff by 23%. From financial viewpoint effective contract resulted in the redistribution of resources in favour of more efficient researchers. Conclusions: The introduction of effective contract and increase of requirements for scientific output did not cause resistance of staff, although demanded certain time for joint development of criteria by scientific community, as well as the development and implementation of soft for continuous assessment of research activity.

Oxidative damage to lens membranes induced by metal-catalyzed systems.

The oxidative effect of hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid and glucose in the presence of transition metals was studied. Incubation of bovine lens membranes with hydrogen peroxide/metal, ascorbic acid/metal and glucose/metal systems resulted in a significant augmentation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance content in the membranes. Presence of alpha-tocopherol decreased the extent of oxidative damage. This oxidation was found to be mediated by hydroxyl radicals. Dependence of hydroxyl radical generation upon the buffer used has been observed. In all experiments Cu(II) ions exhibited a higher efficiency compared to Fe(II) ions.