ABSTRACT
The measurement of isometric muscle torque with hand-held dynamometry is a technique little studied in the pediatric setting for the evaluation of maximal isometric muscle strength. OBJECTIVE: to determine the reliability of hand-held dynamometry to obtain the maximal isometric torque of upper and lower limb muscle groups in Chilean children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Crosssectional study. Seventy-two participants aged between 7 and 15 years were selected from a school in Talca. Maximal isometric torque was recorded in 15 muscle groups of upper and lower limbs through hand-held dynamometry. Intra- and inter-rater evaluation was used, applying the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability of the tests and Bland-Altman plots to evaluate concordance. RESULTS: The results demonstrated good to excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.850.98) and intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87-0.98). Only two groups, hip extensors and abductors, showed good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.85 and ICC = 0.88, respectively); and one group, the ankle dorsiflexors, showed good intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87). 100% of the tests presented at least 95.8% inter- and intra-rater agreement on the Bland-Altman plots. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of isometric muscle torque using hand-held dynamometry is a reliable procedure for use in different growth periods.
Subject(s)
Isometric Contraction , Muscle Strength Dynamometer , Muscle Strength , Torque , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Reproducibility of Results , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chile , Isometric Contraction/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Observer Variation , Lower Extremity/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 confinement measures in the population affected the quality of life and sleep. AIMS: To determine if confinement is associated with a lower quality of life and sleep. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A self-reported survey including questions about type of confinement, time spent in front of a screen, the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), the Sleep Self Report questionnaire and the SF-36 quality of life survey, was answered by 621 Chilean university students. RESULTS: Confined and not confined respondents spent a great amount of time in front of a screen, in sedentary activities and sleeping > 8 or < 6 hours per day. Those who were in confinement reported having a poorer quality of sleep and quality of life compared to those who were not in confinement. Those who required mandatory confinement for suspected COVID-19 had the worst quality of sleep and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: University students had sedentary lifestyles regardless of the type of confinement. Those who were in confinement, especially for suspected COVID-19 infection, had the worst quality of sleep and quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Students , Universities , Chile/epidemiology , PandemicsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 confinement measures in the population affected the quality of life and sleep. AIMS: To determine if confinement is associated with a lower quality of life and sleep. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A self-reported survey including questions about type of confinement, time spent in front of a screen, the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), the Sleep Self Report questionnaire and the SF-36 quality of life survey, was answered by 621 Chilean university students. RESULTS: Confined and not confined respondents spent a great amount of time in front of a screen, in sedentary activities and sleeping > 8 or < 6 hours per day. Those who were in confinement reported having a poorer quality of sleep and quality of life compared to those who were not in confinement. Those who required mandatory confinement for suspected COVID-19 had the worst quality of sleep and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: University students had sedentary lifestyles regardless of the type of confinement. Those who were in confinement, especially for suspected COVID-19 infection, had the worst quality of sleep and quality of life.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Universities , Pandemics , Chile/epidemiology , StudentsABSTRACT
El índice de masa corporal (IMC) otorga uno de los índices más usados para determinar el estado nutricional de la población a nivel mundial, donde a pesar de existir recomendaciones claras y definidas para su interpretación como el sexo, edad, raza, entre otros, normalmente se estandariza su clasificación, independiente de las variables, aumentando el error en el resultado y en la clasificación del estado nutricional.El uso de la composición corporal a través de la antropometría entrega mayor información que el IMC, siendo la masa grasa y la masa muscular los principales resultados útiles.Este artículo presenta una revisión de las ecuaciones existentes y propone aquellas más simples y con menor error de estimación para ser usadas como una herramienta que reemplace o complemente al IMC, favoreciendo una mejor comprensión e interpretación del estado nutricional y nivelde actividad física en niños y adolescentes.
Subject(s)
Body Composition , Guidelines as Topic , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Child , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Body mass index (BMI) is widely used in the world, despite caveats concerning its interpretation in relation to gender, age, and race. BMI reading is normally standardized, potentially producing error in the results and classification of nutritional status. Body composition provides more relevant information than BMI: fat mass and lean mass are the main indices. This paper reviews existing equations and proposes the simplest ones and those with the lowest estimation error to replace or complement BMI and improve interpretation of nutritional status and physical activity.
Subject(s)
Body Composition/physiology , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Models, Biological , Nutritional Status , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
El desarrollo de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en niños, adolescentes y jóvenes se asocia a la disminución de la prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en niños y adolescentes. La prueba de course navette o carrera de 20 metros es una prueba de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria máxima y progresiva, que mide indirectamente el consumo máximo de oxigeno. Niveles altos de capacidad aeróbica durante la niñez y la adolescencia están asociados con una salud cardiovascular actual y futura más saludable. Según la encuesta nacional de salud en Chile (2009-2010) el 17,7 por ciento de la población chilena mayor de 15 años y más, presenta un riesgo cardiovascular alto o muy alto. La población chilena presenta: un elevado nivel de morbilidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y de sus factores de riesgo. Utilizar una prueba máxima y progresiva en adolescentes, como es la prueba de course naveta, puede genera un aumento del riesgo de presentar un evento cardiovascular al evaluar el consumo máximo de oxigeno en nuestra población.
The development of cardiorespiratory endurance in children and young people is associated with decreased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. The test of "course navette" or 20 meter race is a test of high cardiorespiratory fitness and progressive, which indirectly measures the maximum oxygen consumption. High levels of aerobic fitness during childhood and adolescence are associated with a current cardiovascular health and healthier future. According to the health survey in Chile, 17.7 percent of the Chilean population 15 years and over, has a high or very high cardiovascular risk. The Chilean population has: a high level of morbidity from chronic diseases and their risk factors of disease. Use a high and progressive test in adolescents, such as "proof of course navetta" can generate an increased risk of cardiovascular events in assessing the maximum oxygen consumption in our population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child , Running/physiology , Oxygen Consumption , Physical Fitness , Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena , Airway Resistance/physiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of training and the consequences of detraining, comparing an aerobic training (AT) protocol with a resistance training (RT) in people with type-II Diabetes Mellitus (DMII). METHODS: a total of 30 individuals participated in the study, with ages ranging from 45 to 50 years, all diagnosed with DMII and not currently receiving pharmacological treatment. Participants were divided at random into an AT group (65% of their maximum aerobic capacity) and a RT group (1 x 2 x 3 protocol at 65% of 1RM). Measurements were taken of weight, body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, glycaemia in a fasted state and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) at the beginning and at the end of the 6-week training period, and after a further 6 weeks of detraining. RESULTS: the results show that both physical training protocols are capable of inducing significant modifications in lipid profile, glycaemia in a fasted state and levels of HbA1C; however, after stopping the training programme only the RT group maintained the benefits of the reduction in LDL-C, HbA1C and the increase in HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: resistance exercise in individuals with DMII has an important influence on health and their effects could be maintained even if the training program is interrupted short-term.
Objetivo: el propósito del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del entrenamiento y las consecuencias del desentrenamiento comparando un protocolo de entrenamiento aeróbico (E-Aer) y otro de sobrecarga (E-Sob). Métodos: participaron 30 personas entre 45-50 años de edad con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo II (DMII) sin tratamiento farmacológico. Fueron aleatorizados a un grupo de E-Aer (65% de su esfuerzo máximo) o a un grupo de E-Sob (protocolo 1 x 2 x 3 al 65% de 1RM). Se midió el peso, el índice de masa corporal, el colesterol total, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglicéridos, glucemia en ayuno y la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1C) al inicio, al finalizar las seis semanas de entrenamiento y tras seis semanas de desentrenamiento. Resultados: los resultados indican que ambos protocolos de entrenamiento físico son capaces de inducir modificaciones significativas en el perfil lipídico, la glicemia en ayuno y los niveles de HbA1C; sin embargo, solo el grupo E-Sob demostró mantener los beneficios logrados tras haber interrumpido el programa de entrenamiento en la reducción del LDL-C, HbA1C y en el incremento del HDL-C. Conclusiones: el ejercicio de sobrecarga en personas con DMII influye de manera importante en la salud, efecto que podría mantenerse incluso si se llega a interrumpir a corto plazo el programa de entrenamiento.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Lipids/blood , Physical Education and Training , Body Mass Index , Exercise , Exercise Therapy , Female , Humans , Lipid Metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Resistance TrainingABSTRACT
En nuestro país y en el mundo se han realizado una serie de investigaciones en el área de la morfoestructura humana, pero pocos trabajos que describan el perfil antropométrico de personas jóvenes saludables. Se evaluaron a 100 hombres y 79 mujeres de entre 20 y 29 años de edad, sin factores de riesgo a la salud. Se evaluó de acuerdo a un protocolo de ISAK con variables que permite estimar la composición corporal y el somatotipo de los individuos. De esta manera se presentan las tablas de resultados como una forma de usarlas de referencia. Nuestro grupo de referencia evaluado (CHIREF) con sus resultados de composición corporal, somatotipo e índices corporales, aporta una nueva fuente de información de la V Región y actualizada para Chile, la cual favorecerá las comparaciones para distintos grupos de edades, condiciones de salud, deportes y etnias, considerando la necesidad de aumentar el grupo etario y la cantidad de variables antropométricas para ampliar el universo de comparación y mejorar la referencia comparativa.
In our country and worldwide, extensive research has been carried out in the human morphostructure, however there is limited work that describes the anthropometric profile of young healthy individuals. One hundred men and seventy nine women were evaluated between 20 and 29 years of age without health risk factors. The evaluation was in accordance with ISAK protocol and variables in body composition estimate and somatotype. Reference tables of the results are also included. Reference group (CHIREF) with the results of body composition, somatotype and other corporal indexes contribute as a source of information from Chile, which will aid in comparison studies for different age groups, health conditions, sports and ethnicity, considering the need to increase the age group and the amount of anthropometric variables so as to expand the range of comparison and improve comparative referentes.