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OBJECTIVE: Freeze-dried bovine bone scaffold (FDBB) or decellularized FDBB (dc-FDBB) was developed as an ideal scaffold with osteoinductive properties. This research aims to compare the osteoinductive properties marked by the expression of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) and Osterix (OSX) and the osteogenic capacity of these scaffolds imbued with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed in five experimental groups: a negative control group (C-) of hUCMSCs with a normal growth medium, a positive control group (C + ) of hUCMSCs with an osteogenic medium, experimental group 1 (E1) with an FDBB conditioned medium (CM), and experimental group 2 (E2) with a dc-FDBB-CM, and a third experimental group (E3) consisting of a DBBM-CM. Alizarin red staining was performed to qualitatively assess osteoinductive capacity. RUNX2 and OSX expression was quantified using real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction with two replications on day six (D6) and day 12 (D12) as fold changes. RESULTS: This experiment revealed that hUCMSCs were positively expressed by CD73, CD90, and CD105 but were not expressed by CD34. Alizarin red staining showed that E1 had the most calcium deposition on D6 and D12, followed by E3 and then E2 The RUNX2 and OSX expression was higher in E1 but this difference was not significant. The OSX expression in E1,E2,E3 was lower on D12 and C+ of OSX had the highest expression. There was a significant difference of fold change measured between all groups (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between any of the groups treated with OSX and RUNX2 on D6 and D12. CONCLUSION: FDBB osteoinduction and osteogenic capacity were higher when compared with DBBM and dc-FDBB.
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In human body, biomaterials can be used to accelerate the wound healing process. Amniotic membrane-derived secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is one of the biomaterials which able to accelerate the wound healing process by its several functions such as protease inhibition, leukocytes activity control, growth factor regulation such as transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß), and its anti inflammatory, anti bacterial also anti retroviral properties. Objectives: To analyzed the SLPI effect on the TNF-α expression and the quantity of new blood vessel in the incisional wound healing. SLPI are produced from Essericea coli TOP10 as the cloning host, BL21 (DE3) strains as the expression host and pET30a plasmids were used for the expression system construction. The incision wound was made in dorsal skin area, then treated with SLPI dose 0.03 cc, 0.45 cc, 0.06 cc. After treatment, the wound covered with hypafix. The control group only covered with hypafix. In the next four days, the dorsal skin area is biopsied, then the quantity of TNF-α expression and blood vessels was analyzed with hematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. The SLPI 0.045 cc showed the higher quantity of new blood vessel compared the SLPI 0.03 cc and control group (p < 0.05). While the TNF-α expression in the SLPI 0.045 cc is lower than SLPI 0.03 cc (p = 0.002) and control group (p = 0.000). The SLPI capable to accelerate the wound healing by decreasing the TNF-α expression and increased the new blood vessel quantity at 0.045 cc dose.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of demineralized dentin material sponge (DDMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted on DDMS and BPCM. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test was performed to determine the characterizations of the materials. Scanning electron microscope-electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) test was performed to observe the elements contained in the materials. RESULTS: The infrared spectrum of the DDMS and BPCM functional groups showed the same pattern in each variation, and no significant differences were found. According to SEM analysis, the cavities that make up the membrane were spotted on the surface. Besides, according to the SEM-EDX analysis, DDMS contained chlorine, carbon, and calcium, while BPCM contained carbon, oxygen, and sulfur. CONCLUSION: DDMS has the potential to be a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering in terms of the characteristics. DDMS had a structure that almost resembles BPCM as seen from the results of the FTIR graph between DDMS and BPCM. The morphological structure of the two materials in the SEM test appeared to have porosity with various sizes.
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The combination of hydroxyapatite and the herbal extract ellagic acid is expected to accelerate the bone healing process (osteogenesis) due to the extract's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The osteogenesis process is closely associated with angiogenesis markers, such as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and alkali phosphatase (ALP). The objective of this study is to analyse the combination of ellagic acid and hydroxyapatite to promote FGF-2, VEGF and ALP expression as angiogenesis markers in a bone defect model. The research sample comprised 30 male Wistar rats with a defect introduced on the left femur; these were divided into three groups for treatment with ellagic acid and hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (control). On days 7 and 14 days after treatment, the Wistar rats were euthanised, and the femoral bone tissue was removed for the immunohistochemical analysis of FGF-2, VEGF and ALP expression. FGF-2 and ALP expression increased in the group treated with ellagic acid and hydroxyapatite on days 7 and 14 post treatment (p < 0.05), and there was an increase in VEGF expression on day 7 post treatment (p < 0.05). The combination of ellagic acid and hydroxyapatite promoted FGF-2, VEGF and ALP expression as angiogenesis markers in the bone defect model.
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BACKGROUND: Induction of the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells could represent a viable alternative therapeutic method for treating bone diseases. Stem cells are essential to bone tissue regeneration; although, their availability is limited. One possible method of increasing the number of stem cells and promote osteogenic differentiation is the application of red flesh dragon fruit extract supplement. The present study was performed to identify and analyze proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) after exposure to red flesh dragon fruit extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in vitro study was posttest only control group design. Red flesh dragon fruit extract was produced by means of water extraction method and subsequent dilution with different amounts of water to produce a range of concentrations. BMMSCs were obtained from the femurs of three White New Zealand rabbits. BMMSCs were then treated with 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/ml red flesh dragon fruit extract concentrations. The in vitro proliferation assay was determined by means of an 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by means of the degree of nodule mineralization. There were two groups as follows: group I with the addition of 50 µg/ml of red flesh dragon fruit extract and Group II without the addition of red flesh dragon fruit. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Student's t-test (P = 0.05). RESULTS: 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/ml of red flesh dragon fruit extract demonstrated the capacity to significantly increase the proliferation of BMMSCs (P ≤ 0.05). Red flesh dragon fruit extract could significantly increase osteogenic differentiation (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Red flesh dragon fruit extract enhances proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs.
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OBJECTIVE: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be used as a component in the formation of regenerative dentine during direct pulp capping therapy. Concanavalin A (ConA) is a type of lectin with a molecular weight of 26 kDa derived from the Canavalia ensiformis plant. Lectins possess strong proliferation and differentiation abilities in various animal cells including lymphocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. The aim of study was to determine the effect of ConA on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, DPSCs were isolated from third molars before ConA induction was performed at concentrations of 5 and 10 µg/mL. The proliferation assay was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by means of mineralization. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and a Student's t-test. The p-value was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The addition of 5 and 10 µg/mL of ConA to DPSCs can significantly increase the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs (p ≤0.05). CONCLUSION: ConA can increase the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
