Efficient differentiation of human neutrophils with recapitulation of emergency granulopoiesis in human G-CSF knockin humanized mice.

Neutrophils are critical mediators during the early stages of innate inflammation in response to bacterial or fungal infections. A human hematopoietic system reconstituted in humanized mice aids in the study of human hematology and immunology. However, the poor development of human neutrophils is a well-known limitation of humanized mice. Here, we generate a human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) knockin (KI) NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rgnull (NOG) mouse in which hG-CSF is systemically expressed while the mouse G-CSF receptor is disrupted. These mice generate high numbers of mature human neutrophils, which can be readily mobilized into the periphery, compared with conventional NOG mice. Moreover, these neutrophils exhibit infection-mediated emergency granulopoiesis and are capable of efficient phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production. Thus, hG-CSF KI mice provide a useful model for studying the development of human neutrophils, emergency granulopoiesis, and a potential therapeutic model for sepsis.

Preliminary practice and thinking of scaffolding instruction in the teaching of introduction to clinical medicine for medical English majors / 中华医学教育探索杂志

According to the characteristics of Introduction to Clinical Medicine and the teaching requirements for medical English major,scaffolding instruction was introduced.The teaching method was adopted in which the key points of the whole chapter was reviewed by the students before class,the frames was built by the teacher in class and filled by the students through group discussion after class,and finally the problems which came across by the students during group discussion after class was solved by the interaction between the teacher and students in the next class.Besides,building tertiary grade frames made the students first understand the key points of the whole chapter vertically and then command the progressive mechanism of every disease from basic medicine to clinical medicine and finally build the connections between the knowledge points horizontally,which inspired students' learning interest and improved their comprehensive ability to analyze the clinical case.The result proved that scaffolding instruction could improve the grades of final examination obviously and enhance the classroom efficiency.