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SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen and a major global public health challenge since December of 2019, with limited effective treatments throughout the pandemic. As part of the innate immune response to viral infection, type I interferons (IFN-I) trigger a signaling cascade that culminates in the activation of hundreds of genes, known as interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), that collectively foster an antiviral state. We report here the identification of a group of type I interferon suppressed genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), which are involved in lipid metabolism. Overexpression of FASN or the addition of its downstream product, palmitate, increased viral infection while knockout or knockdown of FASN reduced infection. More importantly, pharmacological inhibitors of FASN effectively blocked infections with a broad range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern. Thus, our studies not only suggest that downregulation of metabolic genes may present an antiviral strategy by type I interferon, but they also introduce the potential for FASN inhibitors to have a therapeutic application in combating emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of eye-covering pretreatment on acute delirium in ophthalmology preschool-age children who underwent binocular and monocular surgery by general anesthesia.Methods:The 300 preschool-age children who underwent general anesthesia of elective ophthalmic surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from August 2019 to February 2021 were selected as the research object. They were divided into control group and blindfold group with 150 cases each by random number-table. Children in the control group received regular education on cartoon animation videos before surgery; children in the blindfold group received eye-covering pretreatment on the basis of cartoon animation videos(monocular surgery with monocular cover, binocular surgery with binocular cover). The Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) , the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale(NU-DESC), the incidence rate of delirium and the score of postoperative nursing difficulty were compared between two groups.Results:The 271 cases were completed in this study, including 129 cases(monocular surgery 66 cases, binocular surgery 63 cases) in the blindfold group and 142 cases (monocular surgery 73 cases, binocular surgery 69 cases) in the control group. The preoperative m-YPAS score, the postoperative NU-DESC score, the incidence rate of acute delirium and postoperative nursing care difficulty score of monocular surgery in the blindfold group , monocular surgery was (40.28 ± 15.02) points, 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) points, 27.3%(18/66), 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) points,and binocular surgery was (41.69 ± 16.35) points, 1.00 (0.00, 2.00), 39.7%(25/63), 1.00(1.00, 2.00); in the control group, monocular surgery was (46.28 ± 15.76) points, 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) points, 67.1% (49/73), 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) points, and binocular surgery was (47.77 ± 14.82) points, 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) points, 82.6% (57/69) and 2.00 (1.50, 3.00) points respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t= -2.29, -2.24, Z values were -5.74 - -2.95, χ2= 32.94, 25.78, all P<0.05). The preoperative m-YPAS score, the postoperative NU-DESC score, the incidence rate of acute delirium and postoperative nursing care difficulty score of monocular surgery patients in the blindfold group had no significantly statistical difference with that of binocular surgery patient (all P>0.05) . Conclusions:Monocular/ binocular eye-covering pretreatment can effectively decrease the preoperative m-YPAS score, the postoperative NU-DESC score, incidence rate of acute delirium and the postoperative nursing care difficulty in preschool-age children who underwent general anesthesia both monocular or binocular surgery. There was no difference in the application effect of monocular or binocular surgery.
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Mucins and mucin-like molecules are highly glycosylated, high-molecular-weight cell surface proteins that possess a semi-rigid and highly extended extracellular domain. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), a mucin-like glycoprotein, has recently been found to restrict HIV-1 infectivity through virion incorporation that sterically hinders virus particle attachment to target cells. Here, we report the identification of a family of antiviral cellular proteins, named the Surface-Hinged, Rigidly-Extended Killer (SHREK) family of virion inactivators (PSGL-1, CD43, TIM-1, CD34, PODXL1, PODXL2, CD164, MUC1, MUC4, and TMEM123), that share similar structural characteristics with PSGL-1. We demonstrate that SHREK proteins block HIV-1 infectivity by inhibiting virus particle attachment to target cells. In addition, we demonstrate that SHREK proteins are broad-spectrum host antiviral factors that block the infection of diverse viruses such as influenza A. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a subset of SHREKs also blocks the infectivity of a hybrid alphavirus-SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle. These results suggest that SHREK proteins may be a part of host innate immunity against enveloped viruses.
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Objective:To analysis the impact of public health emergencies on mood fluctuations of depression and the related factors in the elderly in Shanghai, in order to provide a new evidence for early psychological intervention.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 983 elderly in the Department of Geriatrics of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and two communities in Changning and Hongkou Districts of Shanghai by using a self-compiled social life questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-30)during corona virus disease(COVID)-19 outbreak from 1 February to 15 February 2020.The mood fluctuations of depression and the related influencing factors were analyzed by comparing the current GDS-30 scores with the scores within previous six months.Results:Of 983 questionnaires, 867 were valid.The incidence of mild fluctuations of depression was increased from 20.9%(181/867)to 27.2%(235/867)during the public health emergencies( P<0.05), with 3 cases of newly emerged severe depression.The GDS-30 scores were higher during the public health emergencies than before the emergencies(9.88±3.85 vs.7.67±3.54, P<0.05). The four risk factors inducing fluctuations of depression in the elderly were the number of coexisted chronic diseases ≥2( P=0.036), the lack of visits or communication from families( P=0.015), the family members exposing a risk to COVID-19( P<0.01), and the daily viewing of epidemic news more than 4 h( P=0.023). Linear regression analysis showed that cough, sore throat, dizziness, sleep disturbance and dyspnea were significantly related to the aggravation of depression(based on the increase of GDS-30 score)( P<0.05). Conclusions:Public health emergencies may exacerbate depression in the elderly.They are more likely to experience the aggravation of depression when they suffer from multiple chronic diseases, lack the child visits or communications, have the family members exposing a risk to COVID-19 and pay excessive attention to the epidemic.
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Timely development of vaccines and antiviral drugs is critical to control the COVID-19 pandemic 1-6. Current methods for quantifying vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies involve the use of pseudoviruses, such as the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) pseudotyped lentivirus7-14. However, these pseudoviruses contain structural proteins foreign to SARS-CoV-2, and require days to infect and express reporter genes15. Here we describe the development of a new hybrid alphavirus-SARS-CoV-2 (Ha-CoV-2) particle for rapid and accurate quantification of neutralization antibodies and viral variants. Ha-CoV-2 is a non-replicating SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle, composed of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins (S, M, N, and E) and a RNA genome derived from a fast expressing alphavirus vector 16. We demonstrated that Ha-CoV-2 can rapidly and robustly express reporter genes in target cells within 3-6 hours. We further validated Ha-CoV-2 for rapid quantification of neutralization antibodies, viral variants, and antiviral drugs. In addition, as a proof-of-concept, we assembled and compared the relative infectivity of a panel of 10 Ha-CoV-2 variant isolates (D614G, P.1, B.1.1.207, B.1.351, B.1.1.7, B.1.429, B.1.258, B.1.494, B.1.2, B.1.1298), and demonstrated that these variants in general are 2-10 fold more infectious. Furthermore, we quantified the anti-serum from an infected and vaccinated individual; the one dose vaccination with Moderna mRNA-1273 has greatly increased the anti-serum titer for approximately 6 fold. The post-vaccination serum has also demonstrated various neutralizing activities against all 9 variants tested. These results demonstrated that Ha-CoV-2 can be used as a robust platform for rapid quantification of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in the infection of over 60 million people and has caused over 1.4 million deaths as of December 2020 in more than 220 countries and territories. Currently, there is no effective treatment for COVID-19 to reduce mortality. We investigated the potential anti-coronavirus activities from an oral liquid of traditional medicine, Respiratory Detox Shot (RDS), which contains mostly herbal ingredients traditionally used to manage lung diseases. Here we report that RDS inhibited the infection of target cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses, and by infectious wild-type SARS-CoV-2. We further demonstrated that RDS inhibits viral early infection steps. In addition, we found that RDS can also block the infection of target cells by Influenza A virus. These results suggest that RDS may broadly inhibit the infection of respiratory viruses.
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P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that binds to P-, E-, and L-selectins to mediate the tethering and rolling of immune cells on the surface of the endothelium for cell migration into inflamed tissues. PSGL-1 has been identified as an interferon-γ (INF-γ)-regulated factor that restricts HIV-1 infectivity, and has recently been found to possess broad-spectrum antiviral activities. Here we report that the expression of PSGL-1 in virus-producing cells impairs the incorporation of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoproteins into pseudovirions and blocks virus attachment and infection of target cells. These findings suggest that PSGL-1 may potentially inhibit coronavirus replication in PSGL-1+ cells.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
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Objective:To study the effects of cryptotanshinone on proliferation and apoptosis of human bladder carcinoma J82 cells in vitro and its mechanisms.Methods:The J82 cells were treated with cryptotanshinone of different concentrations including 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 8.0 μmol/L.After 48-hour treatment, the proliferation of J82 cells was determined by CCK-8 assay method.Flow cytometric analysis with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to evaluate the apoptosis of J82 cells, and Western blotting was adopted to observe the protein expressions of p65, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 related to proliferation and apoptosis.Results:CCK-8 results showed that the A values of 450nm-wavelength were as following: the control group (1.77±0.06), 0.5μmol/L group (1.78±0.08), 1.0μmol/L group (1.64±0.05), 2.0μmol/L group (1.48±0.12), 3.0μmol/L group (1.20±0.07), 4.0μmol/L group (0.93±0.10), 5.0μmol/L group (0.76±0.02), 8.0μmol/L group (0.05±0.01), and the A values were significantly different among the three groups ( F=329.83, P=0.00), there were statistically significant differences between any two groups except the 0.5 μmol/L group(all P<0.05). The early and total apoptosis rates were both significantly different among the three groups ( F=32.49, P=0.00; F=6.39; P=0.03), the early apoptosis rates of 3.0, 1.0μmol/L group were higher than that of the control group(all P<0.05), and the early apoptosis rate in the 3.0 μmol/L group was higher than that in the 1.0μmol/L group[(11.83±1.12)% vs.(7.01±1.84)%, t=3.73, P<0.05]. The expression of p65 protein decreased, while both the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins increased after treatment with cryptotanshinone. Conclusion:Cryptotanshinone can significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human bladder carcinoma J82 cells in vitro, probably via suppressing NF-κB signal pathway and activating mitochondrial pathway, respectively.
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Objective@#To investigate the impact of change of ideal cardiovascular behavior and related factors on healthy vascular aging(HVA).@*Methods@#This study was a multi-center cross-sectional survey. Six thousand three hundred and sixteen participants who underwent at least 2 healthy examinations from 2006 to 2015 at 11 hospitals, including Kailuan Hospital and so on, and examined brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) during 2010 and 2016, with available information about cardiovascular behavior and factors were included. The cardiovascular health score (CHS) was calculated. Basic CHS was collected from the first examination. The second CHS derived from the healthy examination in the same year of baPWV examination. Change of cardiovascular health score (ΔCHS) was calculated. Participants were defined into 5 groups according to ΔCHS, namely ΔCHS≤-2 (n=2 166), ΔCHS=-1 (n=1 284), ΔCHS=0 (n=1 187), ΔCHS=1 (n=860), and ΔCHS≥2 (n=819). Participants′ characteristics, value of baPWV and proportion of HVA were compared among different groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between ΔCHS and HVA. The ΔCHS was recalculated and included in multiple logistic regression analysis model again after each component of the cardiovascular health metrics was removed separately in order to investigate effects of removal factors on HVA by observing changes in effect values.@*Results@#The percentage of the participants with HVA in the group of ΔCHS≤-2, ΔCHS=-1, ΔCHS=0, ΔCHS=1 and ΔCHS≥2 were 23.3%(505/2 166), 27.8%(357/1 284), 28.7%(341/1 187),31.9%(274/860) and 33.9%(278/819), respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, income, education, alcohol consumption and the basic CHS, a significant positive association between ΔCHS and proportion of participants with HVA was observed (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.44-1.56). Multiple regression analysis after removing each single cardiovascular behavior or factor showed that the OR value decreased as follow systolic blood pressure (OR=1.04, 95%CI 1.00-1.09), fasting blood glucose (OR=1.14, 95%CI 1.09-1.18), physical exercise (OR=1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.21), salt intake (OR=1.17, 95%CI 1.12-1.22), body mass index (OR=1.18, 95%CI 1.13-1.23), smoking(OR=1.18, 95%CI 1.13-1.23) and total cholesterol (OR=1.20, 95%CI 1.16-1.24).@*Conclusion@#The improvement of every ideal cardiovascular behavior and factor is associated with the increase of the proportion of HVA population.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of one stage anterior debridement combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of cervical intervertebral space infection.Methods From June 2010 to June 2016,28 cases were fixed by anterior debridement combined with the posterior vertebral pedicle screws for the cervical intervertebral space infection,19 males and 9 females.The average age was 45-74 years (58±14.5 years old).21 cases (75％) were spontaneous infection,of which 6 cases were diabetes mellitus,15 cases were over 60 years old.The remaining 7 cases (25％) were intervertebral space infection after radiofrequency ablation of the cervical spine.All patients were excluded from tuberculosis and Brucella infection.All patients underwent hematological examination,with emphasis on WBC,ESP and CRP.All patients received JOA score before operation,applied antibiotic according to blood culture and drug sensitive test.All patients underwent one stage anterior debridement combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation,and the operative time and bleeding volume were recorded.After the operation,intravenous antibiotic therapy was continued,and the application of antibiotics was guided according to the results of ESP and CRP,and the time for the application of antibiotics was recorded.Follow up was performed at 3 months,6 months and 1 years after operation respectively.The JOA score and postoperative cervical lordosis Cobb angle were recorded.Results All operations were successfully completed in this group.The operation time was 130-225 min,with an average of 145.5±12.7 min.The intraoperative blood loss was 40-100 ml,with an average of 67±35.2 ml.The incision was healed in one stage.The time of application of antibiotics in 28 patients was 21-87 days,with an average of 30.8±8.7 days.The longest application time of antibiotics was 87 days,and no relapse was found during follow-up.The postoperative JOA score increased from 11.3± 1.2 to three months 14.9 ± 1.96 postoperatively and 6 months 15.1 ± 1.55 and 1 years 16.5±0.48 after operation.The JOA score was significantly higher than that before operation.No significant loss and change of the Cobb angle in the cervical spine surgery were found.All cases had good bone graft fusion at 1 years.Conclusion One stage anterior debridement combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of cervical vertebra instability and nerve function injury caused by cervical intervertebral space infection.It provides a new way for the treatment of cervical intervertebral space infection.
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In this paper, we present a novel design concept for determining the depth map of three-dimensional (3D) scenes based on an electrically controlled liquid crystal (LC) lens. The advantages of the proposed method are that it does not need any mechanical movements and a large amount of computations to acquire a depth map of a 3D scene in a relatively short amount of time. The tunable-focus LC lens doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes is to become a key optical component for determining a depth map system. Sequenced two-dimensional images of slightly different perspectives are recorded in a short time, and the depth map of the 3D scene, according to a proposed depth estimation method and a focusing evaluation function, can be acquired in a simple way. This new method to acquire a depth map based on a doped LC lens maximizes the use of the proposed LC lens. The proposed system is novel in its compact, simple, and fast features, so we believe the proposed method can open a new creative dimension in image analysis and imaging systems and can also overcome the limitations of the conventional imaging mode.
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Objective: To analyze long-term therapeutic effect and safety of warfarin anticoagulant therapy of different intensity on aged patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: According to age, a total of 197 NVAF patients followed up for five years were divided into advanced aged group [n=65，≥80(85±2.09)years], aged group [n=75, 65-79(76.5±2.27) years] and middle-aged group [n=57, ＜65(57.4±2.18)]. All enrolled patients received long-term warfarin anticoagulant therapy, advanced aged group and aged group received low intensity anticoagulation, international normalized ratio (INR) was 1.6~2.5, while middle-aged group received standard intensity anticoagulation and the INR was 2.0~3.0. Thrombus events and incidence rates of hemorrhage etc. over five years were compared among three groups, and the safe dose range of warfarin was explored. Results: During five-year follow-up, no acute cerebral infarction occurred in three groups. The bleeding and other adverse reaction among three groups were no significant difference（P＞0.05). Compared with middle-aged group, there were significant reductions in warfarin dose [(3.29±0.49) mg/d vs. (2.95±0.38) mg/d, (2.85±0.49) mg/d],INR [(2.54±0.43) vs. (2.20±0.29), (2.16±0.32)] and CHA2DS2-VASc [(3.02±0.89) score vs.( 2.64±0.77) score vs.( 2.33±0.48) score]in aged group and advanced aged group, P＜0.01 all; but there were no significant difference between aged group and advanced aged group (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in incidence rates of mild hemorrhage (21.1% vs. 14.7% vs. 24.6%) and severe hemorrhage (1.8% vs. 1.3% vs. 1.5%) among middle-aged group, aged group and advanced aged group, P>0.05 all. Conclusion: When INR is closely monitored, INR controlled within 1.6~2.5, warfarin anticoagulation is safe and effective in aged patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
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Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive intervention including education, lifestyle intervention and drug intervention for patients with hypertension in Kailuan community. Methods Employees who took part in the health checkup of Kailuan Group, Ltd. from June 2008 to June 2009 were enrolled in this study. The changes of hypertension awareness, treatment and control rates and cardiovascular health behaviors and factors have been observed in the follow-up. Results A total of 5 361 patients with hypertension were enrolled. After a period of 2 years of follow-up, the treatment rate and up to standard rate hypertension were significantly increased compared to pre-intervention (11.90%vs. 100.00%;0.82% vs. 36.93%. P<0.01). After comprehensive intervention, the average score of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors increased from (6.85 ± 1.90) to (7.52 ± 1.92) (P<0.01). Conclusion Comprehensive intervention is an effective means for the prevention and control of hypertension in the community.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of short-term systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) with esti?mated glomeruar filtration rate (eGFR) in the elderly. Methods In physical examination for the third time of kailuan group, the method of cluster sampling was used to collect randomly retired employees, age≥60 in kailuan group. The 24-hour am?bulatory blood pressure monitoring was given to these objects. Finally, 1 405 participants with integral data were recruited in?to the survey. SBPV indices were standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SD), variability independent of the mean (VIM), maximum-minimum difference (MMD), and average real variability (ARV). Multivariate stepwise linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of short-term SBPV on eGFR. Results (1) Among 1 405 participants (67.16 ± 5.82) years, 933 individuals (66.4%) were male and 472 (33.6%) were female. (2) Study population were divided into four groups based on the 24-hour mean SBP, daytime mean SBP, night time mean SBP (group 1:mean SBP<120 mmHg, group 2:120≤mean SBP<140 mmHg, group 3:140≤mean SBP<160 mmHg, group 4:mean SBP≥160 mmHg), respectively. Values of SD, MMD and ARV, but not VIM were increased with increased mean SBP. (3) The participants were grouped according to the median SBPV with between-group comparison of the eGFR. The average eGFR levels were lower in the high 24-hour SB?PV group (SD, VIM, MMD and ARV), day-time SBPV group (SD, VIM, MMD and ARV) and night-time SBPV group (SD, MMD and ARV) than those in the low SBPV groups (P<0.05). (4) Multivariate stepwise linear regression showed that eGFR increased with 3 indices of 24-hour SBPV (SD, MMD and ARV) and 2 indices of day-time SBPV (MMD and ARV) but not for night-time SBPV (β=-0.07,-0.11,-0.07,-0.12 and-0.07, respectively). Conclusion There is a certain degree of asso?ciation between short-term SBPV indices and eGFR.
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Objective:To analyze long-term therapeutic effect and safety of warfarin anticoagulant therapy of differ- ent intensity on aged patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods:According to age,a total of 197 NVAF patients followed up for five years were divided into advanced aged group [n=65,≥80 (85.00±2.09) years],aged group [n=75,65-79 (76.50±2.27)years]and middle-aged group [n=57,0.05).Compared with middle- aged group,there were significant reductions in warfarin dose [(3.29±0.49)mg/d vs.(2.95±0.38)mg/d,(2.85 ±0.49)mg/d],INR [(2.54±0.43)vs.(2.20±0.29),(2.16±0.32)]and CHA2DS2-VASc [(3.02±0.89) scores vs.(2.64±0.77)scores vs.(2.33±0.48)scores]in aged group and advanced aged group,P0.05).There were no signif- icant difference in incidence rates of mild hemorrhage (21.1% vs.14.7% vs.24.6%)and severe hemorrhage (1.8% vs.1.3% vs.1.5%)among middle-aged group,aged group and advanced aged group,P>0.05 all.Conclu-sion:When INR is closely monitored,INR controlled within 1.6-2.5 warfarin anticoagulation is safe and effective for in aged patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of the supine hypertension (SP) with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in the elderly. Methods Kailuan study is a functional community-based cardiovascular risk factor study. From June 2006, there was a physical examination every two years. In the examination, demographic data, smoking, drinking, physical exercise situation and medication situation were recorded. Levels of triglyceride, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, low density lipoprotein and other biochemical indexes were observed. Using cluster random sampling, 3 064 retired employees of 60 years of age or older were selected. A total of 2 464 subjects took part in an additional examination, including the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, blood pressure of different positions and urine albumin. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) and IMT. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of SP on IMT. Results (1) Among 2 220 participants (67.29±6.09) years, 1 463 (65.9%) individuals were male and 757 (34.1%) were females, and the average IMT was (0.92 ± 0.18) mm. (2) There was a positive correlation between supine SBP and IMT (r=0.175, P<0.01). (3) After adjusting the confounds, supine SBP was significantly associated with IMT, with an increase of 1 SD (+20.42 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) in SBP corresponding to an increase of IMT by 0.01 mm (P<0.01). (4) Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sitting SBP, age, gender and other factors, SP was still a risk factor of increased IMT (OR=1.37, 95%CI:1.03-1.80), and independent of sitting SBP. Conclusion The supine hypertension is a risk factor of increased IMT, and independent of sitting SBP.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between long time systolic blood pressure variability(SBPV)and short time SBPV in aged population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 752 subjects aged ≥60 years of Kailuan Group who took part in 2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 health examination were included by cluster sampling method.Long time SBPV was calculated by standard deviation of mean systolic blood pressure measured in 2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2010-2011 and 2012-2013, standard deviation represents short time systolic blood pressure which is derived from 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The observation population was divided into three groups according to the third tertiles of the time systolic blood pressure variability: the first point(<9.09 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)), second point (≥9.09 mmHg, and <14.29 mmHg), and third point (≥14.29 mmHg). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between long time systolic blood pressure variability and short time systolic blood pressure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The participants' age were (67.0±5.7) years old (284 women). (2) The 24 hours and daytime SSD were (14.7±4.0) mmHg, (14.7±3.5) mmHg, (15.7±4.4) mmHg (P=0.010) and (14.1±4.4) mmHg, (14.2±3.5) mmHg and (15.4±4.6) mmHg (P<0.001) according to the tertiles of long time systolic blood pressure variability, respectively, nighttime SSD were (12.0±4.4) mmHg, (11.8±4.8) mmHg and (11.9±4.9) mmHg (P=0.900). (3) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the tertiles of long time SSD was the risk factor for increasing daytime SSD>14.00 mmHg (OR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.03-2.23, P=0.037), but not a risk factor for increasing 24 hours SSD>14.41 mmHg (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.75-1.61, P=0.639) and nighttime SSD>11.11 mmHg (OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.67-1.42, P=0.899).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Increased long time SBPV is a risk factor for increasing daytime SBPV.</p>
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Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Blood Pressure , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Hypertension , Risk Factors , SystoleABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association between left ventricular diastolic function and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred and two patients with type 2 diabetes( diabetic group),and 126 non-diabetic patients( control group) were selected from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013 in the Beijing Military General Hospital. The clinical features were recorded and free blood glucose (FBG ),blood lipids were measured. Cardio ankle vascular index( CAVI ) was measured by VS-1000 arteriosclerosis detector. Ultrasound heartbeat diagram was used to determine the left ventricular diastolic function indexes including the left atrial diameter(LAD),left ventricular early diastolicpeak velocity(E),left ventricular diastolic peak velocity(A),E/ A ratio and E peak deceleration time(EDT). Results The level of LAD,A, EDT,CAVI in diabetic patients were(39. 5 ± 5. 3)mm,(76. 6 ± 13. 5)cm/ s,(206. 6 ± 56. 3)ms,(9. 6 ± 1. 1)respectively,higher than those in control group((34. 4 ± 4. 2)mm,(71. 3 ± 13. 4)cm/ s,(185. 5 ± 34. 4)ms,(8. 5 ± 0. 9)). And E,E/ A level in diabetic group were(56. 6 ± 20. 4)cm/ s and(0. 73 ± 0. 21),significantly lower than the control group((67. 5 ± 16. 4)cm/ s and(0. 96 ± 0. 26)). The differences between the two groups were significant(P = 0. 001,0. 004,0. 002,0. 001,0. 001,0. 001). After adjusting the factors including body mass index and triglyceride,CAVI was negatively correlated with E/ A(r = - 0. 339,P< 0. 05))and positively correlated with EDT(r = 0. 314,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The diabetic patients with lower diastolic function and higher arterial stiffness,and the two factors are negatively correlation.
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As a fundamental component of the host cellular cytoskeleton, actin is routinely engaged by infecting viruses. Furthermore, viruses from diverse groups, and infecting diverse hosts, have convergently evolved an array of mechanisms for manipulating the actin cytoskeleton for efifcacious infection. An ongoing chorus of research now indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is critical for viral replication at many stages of the viral life cycle, including binding, entry, nuclear localization, genomic transcription and reverse transcription, assembly, and egress/dissemination. Speciifcally, viruses subvert the force-generating and macromolecular scaffolding properties of the actin cytoskeleton to propel viral surifng, internalization, and migration within the cell. Additionally, viruses utilize the actin cytoskeleton to support and organize assembly sites, and eject budding virions for cell-to-cell transmission. It is the purpose of this review to provide an overview of current research, focusing on the various mechanisms and themes of virus-mediated actin modulation described therein.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a reliable prognostic factor for cardiovascular events. Currently there is a worldwide lack of large sample size studies in visit-to-visit BPV. Based on the Kailuan Study, we analyzed the visit-to-visit BPV of patients to investigate the range and influencing factors of BPV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 11 hospitals in the Kailuan Company, 4 441 patients received routine health checkups. Physical examination measured blood pressure (BP), body height, body weight, and waist circumference, and body mass index was calculated. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effect of gender on systolic BPV was investigated. The average systolic BPV was 10.35 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) overall, 10.54 mmHg in males and 10.06 mmHg in females. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the age (RR = 1.022), systolic BP (SBP, RR = 1.007), LDL-C (RR = 1.098), and history of hypertension (RR = 1.273) were significant risk factors for higher systolic BPV. We found that aging (RR = 1.022), increased SBP (RR = 1.007), and a history of hypertension (RR = 1.394) were determinants of systolic BPV in males. The risk factors for systolic BPV of females were aging (RR = 1.017), increased SBP (RR = 1.009), increased LDL (RR = 1.136), and increased TG (RR = 1.157).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings indicated that the systolic BPV is closely associated with age, SBP and history of hypertension.</p>
