[Predictors of dysfunction of the small respiratory tract in patients with asthma].

AIM: To identify predictors of development of small respiratory tract (SRT) dysfunction in patients with asthma of mild severity, partially controlled course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fourteen patients with asthma of mild severity, partially controlled course, were examined. The control group consisted of 27 healthy volunteers. The main risk factors for the development of AD were revealed by questioning in all patients, an ACQ-5 test was used to determine the level of disease control, functional research was carried out using spirography and bodyplethysmography methods. To assess the relative risk, the odds ratio calculation was used. RESULTS: 55% of all examined patients with asthma indicated 3 or more risk factors. Bronchial obstruction occurred in 26.3% of cases. According to the functional examination, patients are divided into 2 groups: 94 patients without dysfunction of the SRT and 20 patients with dysfunction of the SRT (17.5% of cases). The significance of differences in the development of dysfunction of the SRT depending on the impact of the risk factor between groups of patients was assessed. Among the traditional risk factors for asthma, the most negatively affecting the development of dysfunction of the SRT in patients were identified. It has been established that the duration of asthma disease for more than 5 years, the symptoms of bronchial obstruction diagnosed in patients increase the risk of dysfunction of the SRT by 4.95 and 4.83 times, respectively, the presence of extrapulmonary allergic diseases, namely allergic rhinitis by 4.31 times, urticaria 3.58 times. CONCLUSION: It has been shown that the most significant factors affecting the occurrence of dysfunction of the SRT in patients with asthma of mild severity are the duration of asthma for more than 5 years, the presence of extrapulmonary allergic diseases in patients (allergic rhinitis and urticaria) and bronchial obstruction in patients.

Functional state of the small airways in patients with bronchial asthma associated with obesity.

AIM: To assess the functional status of the small Airways in patients with bronchial asthma associated with obesity, by body plethysmography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 65 patients with bronchial asthma of mild severity, partially controlled course, including 30 patients with normal body weight and 35 patients with obesity of I degree were examined. Control group-30 healthy volunteers. Examined forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC), maximum volumetric exhalation rate after 25.50 and 75% FVC (MEF75, MEF50, MEF25), average flow velocity in the exhalation interval 25-75% of FVC (MMEF25-75). Method bodyplethysmography was evaluated in bronchial resistance, functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume of the lungs (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), the percentage of RV/TLC. RESULTS: Patients with bronchial asthma with obesity showed a reduction of indicators of bronchial obstruction: FEV1 of 14% (p=0.02), FEV1/FVC by 14% (p=0.001), MEF75 30% (p=0.001), MEF50 by 35% (p=0.001), MEF25 by 44% (p=0.003), MMEF25-75 by 38% (p=0.001). The increase of bronchial resistance on inhalation in 2 times (p=0.001), on exhalation in 3.3 times (p=0.003) was found, which is typical for generalized bronchial obstruction at the proximal level. An increase in RV by 24% (p=0.03), TLC - by 9% (p=0.03), RV/TLC - by 18% (p=0.03), indicating the presence of "air traps" and dysfunction of the small respiratory tract. CONCLUSION: In patients with asthma of mild severity associated with obesity, both the central bronchis and the distal lung are affected, which are manifested by generalized bronchial obstruction, the formation of "air traps" and dysfunction of the small respiratory tract.

[The influence of sinusoidal modulated currents on the fatty acid composition of plasma and blood erythrocytes in the patients presenting with chronic cholecystitis]. / Vliyanie sinusoidal'nykh modulirovannykh tokov na sostav zhirnykh kislot plazmy i eritrotsitov krovi u patsientov s khronicheskim kholetsistitom.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment with sinusoidal modulated currents on lipid metabolism in the patients presenting with chronic cholecystitis in the state of remission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 25 patients with chronic non-calculosis cholecystitis in phase of remission and 20 healthy subjects (controls). We studied the serum lipid spectrum as well as the fatty acid composition of plasma and blood erythrocytes before and after therapy with sinusoidal modulated currents applied to the right-sided hypochondrium region. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The treatment of the patients with chronic cholecystitis in remission with the use of sinusoidal modulated currents produced moderate lipid-modulatory and membranotropic effects mediated through the activation of the processes of lipid metabolism that may result in the depletion of the pool of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION: The results of this study give evidence that it is advisable to treat the patients presenting with chronic cholecystitis by sinusoidal modulated currents in the combination with the oral intake of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids.