Pronóstico funcional a 3 meses de pacientes hospitalizados por ictus isquémico agudo en Aragón: análisis regional de la repercusión de la COVID-19 / Three-month functional prognosis of patients hospitalised due to acute ischaemic stroke in Aragon: Rregional analysis of the impact of COVID-19

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto en el manejo del ictus isquémico; se ha descrito una disminución de los ingresos hospitalarios e incluso una interrupción en la cadena de atención y un aumento de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Sin embargo, falta evidencia sobre su impacto en el pronóstico funcional. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el pronóstico funcional a 3 meses de los pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo hospitalizados en Aragón.Material y métodosRevisamos los datos de todos los pacientes ingresados por ictus isquémico en todos los hospitales de nuestro sistema sanitario entre el 30 de diciembre del 2019 y el 3 de mayo del 2020. Comparamos su mRS y la mortalidad a 3 meses de los hospitalizados antes y después de haberse establecido el estado de emergencia secundario a la pandemia por COVID-19.ResultadosEn total, 318 pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo cumplieron nuestros criterios de inclusión. No hubo diferencias en las características globales y específicas de cada periodo, excepto por una mayor proporción de pacientes mayores de 80 años de edad durante el periodo pre-CoV (42,2% vs. 29,0%, p = 0,028). En el análisis comparativo, no encontramos una diferencia significativa en la mortalidad (12,3 vs. 7,9, p = 0,465) o la proporción de pacientes con mRS ≤ 2 (57,7% vs. 57,1%, p = 0,425) a los 3 meses.ConclusiónHasta donde sabemos, este es el primer estudio que analiza el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el pronóstico funcional a 3 meses de pacientes con ictus isquémico. En nuestra comunidad autónoma, no ha habido un incremento en la mortalidad o discapacidad a 3 meses de pacientes hospitalizados por ictus isquémico durante el periodo de COVID-19. (AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on ischaemic stroke management, with a reported decrease in hospital admissions, and even disruptions in healthcare and increased in-hospital mortality. However, there is a lack of evidence on the impact of the pandemic on functional prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 3-month functional outcomes of patients hospitalised due to acute ischaemic stroke in Aragon (Spain).Materil and methodsWe reviewed the data of all patients admitted due to ischaemic stroke to any hospital in our regional healthcare system between 30 December 2019 and 3 May 2020. We compared modified Rankin Scale scores and mortality at 3 months in patients hospitalised before and after the declaration of a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsIn total, 318 patients with acute ischaemic stroke met our inclusion criteria. No differences were observed between periods in global or specific characteristics, with the exception of a higher proportion of patients older than 80 years during the first period (42.2% vs. 29.0%, P=.028). In the comparative analysis, we found no significant differences in mortality (12.3 vs. 7.9, P=.465) or in the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale scores ≤ 2 (57.7% vs. 57.1%, P=.425) at 3 months.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the 3-month functional outcomes of patients with ischaemic stroke. In our region, there has been no increase in rates of mortality or disability at 3 months in patients admitted due to ischaemic stroke during the pandemic. (AU)

Three-month functional prognosis of patients hospitalised due to acute ischaemic stroke in Aragon: regional analysis of the impact of COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on ischaemic stroke management, with a reported decrease in hospital admissions, and even disruptions in healthcare and increased in-hospital mortality. However, there is a lack of evidence on the impact of the pandemic on functional prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 3-month functional outcomes of patients hospitalised due to acute ischaemic stroke in Aragon (Spain). METHODS: We reviewed the data of all patients admitted due to ischaemic stroke to any hospital in our regional healthcare system between 30 December 2019 and 3 May 2020. We compared modified Rankin Scale scores and mortality at 3 months in patients hospitalised before and after the declaration of a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: In total, 318 patients with acute ischaemic stroke met our inclusion criteria. No differences were observed between periods in global or specific characteristics, with the exception of a higher proportion of patients older than 80 years during the first period (42.2% vs 29.0%, P = .028). In the comparative analysis, we found no significant differences in mortality (12.3 vs 7.9, P = .465) or in the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale scores ≤ 2 (57.7% vs 57.1%, P = .425) at 3 months. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the 3-month functional outcomes of patients with ischaemic stroke. In our region, there has been no increase in rates of mortality or disability at 3 months in patients admitted due to ischaemic stroke during the pandemic.

Enhancement of the fatigue life of recycled PP by incorporation of recycled opaque PET collected from household milk bottle wastes.

Opaque PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) was recently introduced as a dairy packaging, mainly for milk bottles. Opaque PET, obtained as PET filled with mineral nanoparticles, allows for a reduction of bottles' thickness, thus a cost reduction for industrials. For this reason, the use of opaque PET is steadily increasing. However, its recyclability is nowadays an issue: although the recycling channels are well established for transparent PET, the presence of opaque PET in the household wastes weakens the existing recycling channels. Besides, many initiatives are launched in Europe to turn wastes into resources, as one key to a more circular economy. One of the biggest challenges is an efficient sorting of the plastic solid wastes since the PET is not miscible with other plastics such as polypropylene (PP) from the bottle caps and polyethylene (PE) from the other milk bottles. In this work, the mechanical properties of uncompatibilized blends of opaque PET (rPET-O) with recycled polypropylene (rPP) have been studied; both are collected from household wastes. The tensile properties and the fatigue life of rPP, monitored by in-situ digital image correlation and in-situ infrared thermography, are increased by the incorporation of rPET-O. rPET-O/rPP blends may be substituted to rPP for similar applications, with no need to sort the caps from the bottles. Thus, as a concept, the incorporation of opaque PET into the PP recycling sector may be a new route to absorb some of the growing amounts of opaque PET.

[Three-month functional prognosis of patients hospitalised due to acute ischaemic stroke in Aragon: Rregional analysis of the impact of COVID-19]. / Pronóstico funcional a 3 meses de pacientes hospitalizados por ictus isquémico agudo en Aragón: análisis regional de la repercusión de la COVID-19.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on ischaemic stroke management, with a reported decrease in hospital admissions, and even disruptions in healthcare and increased in-hospital mortality. However, there is a lack of evidence on the impact of the pandemic on functional prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 3-month functional outcomes of patients hospitalised due to acute ischaemic stroke in Aragon (Spain). Materil and methods: We reviewed the data of all patients admitted due to ischaemic stroke to any hospital in our regional healthcare system between 30 December 2019 and 3 May 2020. We compared modified Rankin Scale scores and mortality at 3 months in patients hospitalised before and after the declaration of a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: In total, 318 patients with acute ischaemic stroke met our inclusion criteria. No differences were observed between periods in global or specific characteristics, with the exception of a higher proportion of patients older than 80 years during the first period (42.2% vs. 29.0%, P=.028). In the comparative analysis, we found no significant differences in mortality (12.3 vs. 7.9, P=.465) or in the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale scores ≤ 2 (57.7% vs. 57.1%, P=.425) at 3 months. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the 3-month functional outcomes of patients with ischaemic stroke. In our region, there has been no increase in rates of mortality or disability at 3 months in patients admitted due to ischaemic stroke during the pandemic.

Ischaemic stroke in the time of coronavirus disease 2019.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke assistance is facing changes and new challenges since COVID-19 became pandemic. A variation on the patient influx might be one of the greater concerns, due to fewer people coming to emergency departments or coming too late. However, no data quantifying this have been published until now. The aim was to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak on hospital stroke admissions and their characteristics in our region. METHODS: The data of every patient admitted to any hospital of our healthcare system with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke between 30 December 2019 and 19 April 2020 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and compared between periods before and after the setting of the state of emergency secondary to the COVID-19 outbreak. RESULTS: In total, 354 patients with ischaemic stroke were admitted in our study period. There was a weekly average of 27.5 cases before the setting of the state of emergency against 12 afterwards (P < 0.001). This drop in stroke cases occurred progressively from week 11, persisting in time despite the decrease in confirmed cases of COVID-19. No differences in the proportion of intravenous thrombolysis (21.1% vs. 21.5%, P = 0.935) or endovascular therapy (12.4% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.510) were found, nor in other demographic or clinical characteristics except for median onset-to-door time (102 vs. 183 min, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: This observational study offers the perspective of a whole region in one of the countries more heavily stricken by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and shows that the decrease of stroke events, since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, happened globally and without any specific patient distribution.

Tympanic ossicles and pharyngeal arches.

We have performed a study on 11 human embryos regarding the development of the tympanic ossicles and their relationship with the first pharyngeal arch. After performing measurements to date the embryos and foetuses chronologically, we performed a meticulous dissection of the temporal bones. Subsequently, they were fixed in 10% formol, decalcified with 2% nitric acid, embedded in Paraplast, sectioned in 7-mm sequences and stained with Martin's trichrome technique. In the 21- and 24-mm cranium-raquis (CR) length human embryos, we have observed the head of the malleus and the body of the incus close to Meckel's cartilage, in addition to the handle of the malleus, the long limb of the incus and the stapes. Between them there was a mesenchymal band inside the primordium of the tympanic cavity. In the 27-mm CR embryo, the various components of the malleus and incus were fusing, and in the 30-mm CR embryo the union was complete. From our observations, we can conclude that the malleus and the incus are derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches.

Development of the dynamic structure (force lines) of the middle ear ossicles in human foetuses.

OBJECTIVES: To study the ontogenic development of the organisation of the human middle ear ossicles structure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 46 human temporal bones of ages varying from 32 days post-conception to newborns. RESULTS: The development of the structural organisation of the malleus begins at 16 weeks via two cortical fascicles situated in the neck; at 21 weeks they extend towards the head, at 23 weeks to the lateral process and at 24 weeks to the handle. In the handle, the force lines are transmitted via three cardinal fascicles, two of them via the cortical fascicle and one via the centre, which starts after 29 weeks' development and is consolidated after 31 weeks. In the incus the force lines start at 16 weeks via two cortical fascicles situated in the long process, which progressively extend in a rostro-caudal direction between 17 and 20 weeks. At 21 weeks they occupy the whole extension of the long process and at 22 weeks the fusion of both cortical fascicles begins. From 30 weeks onwards it is strengthened by the crossing of bone trabeculae from one cortical to another. Two fascicles come out of the incus body, surrounding the medullary cavity and going in the direction of the short process. In the beginning, the stapes have two cortical fascicles in their crura. The remodelling process makes the internal cortical fascicle disappear and after 31 weeks all the force lines run through the external cortical fascicle. The tympanic membrane of the stapes footplate undergoes a remodelling process and after 28 weeks bony trabeculae are deposited. In newborns (40 weeks), the ossicles' structure is cavitary and has not been completed. The fan-shaped trabecular fascicle, which starts in the articular facets of the malleus and the incus, still has to develop.

[Is the breath test reliable in primary care diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection?]. / ¿Es fiable el test del aliento para el diagnóstico de infección por Helicobacter pylori en atención primaria?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of the breath test urea 13C in the primary care for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. DESIGN: Descriptive, prospective and multicentric.Location. Urban area belonging to the Health Center Actur Sur of Zaragoza with participation of Miguel Servet Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 87 patients with clinical diagnosis of functional dispepsia. In all of them was made a breath test with 13C urea as well as a gastroscopy with taking of samples for histology and ureasa fast test. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Age, sex and the presence of positivity or negativity of infection by Hp were valued in the histology, ureasa test and in the breath test, considering the histology and the ureasa test like gold tests for this measurement, reason why it was demanded that the positive or outside negative result in both considering it nonambiguous. RESULTS: Two cases were excluded by ambiguous results. The 77.6% (66/85) were positive by histology and ureasa test, and these, 92.4% (61/66) were positives to the breath test. The sensitivity of this test was 92% and the specificity 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The breath test in primary care has a high value diagnosis of Hp infection, being able to avoid, in some cases, another invasives techniques like gastroscopy.

¿Es fiable el test del aliento para el diagnóstico de infección por Helicobacter pylori en atención primaria? / Is the breath test reliable in primary care diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection?

Objetivo. Evaluar la fiabilidad del test del aliento con urea 13C en atención primaria para el diagnóstico de infección por Helicobacter pylori (Hp).Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y multicéntrico. Emplazamiento. Área urbana perteneciente al Centro de Salud Actur Sur de Zaragoza, con participación del Hospital Miguel Servet. Participantes. Se incluyó a 87 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de dispepsia funcional. A todos ellos se les realizó un test de aliento con urea 13C, así como una gastroscopia con toma de muestras para histología y test de ureasa rápida. Mediciones principales. Se valoraron edad, sexo y la presencia de positividad o negatividad de infección por Hp en la histología, el test de ureasa y el test del aliento, considerando la histología y el test de ureasa pruebas gold standard para esta medición, por lo que se exigía que el resultado en ambas fuera positivo o negativo para considerarlo no equívoco. Resultados. Se excluyeron 2 casos por resultados equívocos. El 77,6 per cent (66/85) fue positivo por histología y test de ureasa, de los que un 92,4 per cent (61/66) resultó positivo al test del aliento. La sensibilidad de esta prueba fue del 92 per cent y la especificidad del 100 per cent. Conclusiones. El test del aliento en atención primaria tiene un alto valor diagnóstico de infección por Hp, pudiendo evitar así en algunos casos la realización de técnicas más invasivas como la gastroscopia (AU)

Fetal development of the human tympanic ossicular chain articulations.

OBJECTIVES: To obtain further knowledge on the morphogenesis of the articulations in the tympanic ossicular chain in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 25 temporal bones of human fetuses the structural development of incudomallear, incudostapedial and stapediovestibular articulations was studied. The chronological ages were between the 7th week (21 mm) and the 29th week (270 mm). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Incudomallear articulation showed diarthrosis and sellar joint characteristics. It showed a homogenous interzone in the 7th week of development, a three-layered interzone in the 8th week, the first cavitation signs in the 9th week and the presence of an articular cavity in the 10th week. The presence of a hyaline cartilage covering articular surfaces was observed starting in the 20th week of development. Incudostapedial articulation showed typical characteristics of a diarthrosis and spheroidal joint with a homogenous interzone at the 7th week, showing similar characteristics for 12 weeks, and completed its cavitation at the 16th week. We observed hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces from 29 weeks. Stapediovestibular articulation showed typical characteristics of syndesmosis. The annular ligament primordium derived from cartilage differentiation, both from stapedial footplate and from the surrounding otic capsule, into mesenchyme and its subsequent transformation into fibrous tissue, reaching definitive characteristics from the 12th week.

Contributions to the study of the foetal development of physiological intimal thickening in the human uterine artery.

The morphological study of the development of "intimal thickenings" of the human uterine artery in physiological condition was performed on 72 uterine arteries obtained from foetuses from the 12th week of gestation up to birth. Our results indicate that intimal thickening is formed by the migration and displacement of mesenchymal cells around the site of origin of collateral vessel from uterine mesothelium. These cells firstly differentiate into the myoblasts and then into the myocites. During the development the internal limitans membrane separates the intimal thickening from the tunica media and the elastic fibres appearing inside possessing a muscle-elastic nature. The function of intimal thickenings is the regulation of local blood flow by means of the control of myocitic contractile capacity; these cells play a fundamental role in endothelium-intimal smooth muscle cell contact.

[Failure of rapid serology for Helicobacter pylori as diagnostic method in primary care consultation]. / Fracaso de la serología rápida para Helicobacter pylori como método diagnóstico en la consulta de atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of a rapid serology test for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection in our area. DESIGN: Longitudinal, prospective study. SETTING: Urban primary care centre. MEASUREMENTS: As reference tests for defining the presence/absence of Helicobacter pylori, histology and the urease gastric mucous membrane test (Jatrox(R) test) were used. Both tests can be either positive or negative, without intermediate values. RESULTS: 47 consecutive patients were included. Histology (confirmed with the urease test) showed infection in 38 cases (80.85% prevalence). The results of rapid serology (95% CI) were: sensitivity 0.66 (0.51-0.81), specificity 1 (1-1), positive predictive value 1 (1-1), and negative predictive value 0.41 (0.2-0-61). CONCLUSIONS: In a population with high prevalence of infection, a positive in the rapid serology test confirms infection. However, a negative does not discount infection, which significantly reduces the test's overall diagnostic value. This confirms in the primary care context the findings of hospital-based studies.

Contribution to the development of the stapedius muscle structure in human fetuses.

The purpose of this report is to contribute to the knowledge of the morphogenesis of the human stapedius muscle. We have studied the stapedius structure development in 17 temporal bones from human fetuses. Chronological ages were from 48 days (21 mm) to 29 weeks (270 mm). Samples were fixed in 10% formol, decalcified with 2% nitric acid, embedded in Paraplast, sectioned in sequence of 7 microns and were stained with haematoxylin & eosin and Martins' trichrome. Four maturation stages were observed in the development of the stapedius muscle structure. First, the formation of the 'primordium muscularis' in the mesenchyme of the tympanic cavity (promyoblasts) was observed in a 36-mm embryo. Second, its differentiation into myoblasts, and its next cellular fusion to form muscle tubes, was seen in a 99-mm foetus. In the third stage, myofibrogenesis phenomena were developed, to synthesize, the myotube myoblasts, myofilaments, phenomena we observed that took place during the 14th to 17th weeks of development. The last stage was characterized by the presence of striated muscle fibres, at first intermingled with myotubes (18th to 26th weeks), until in the 29th week fetuses (270 mm) the skeletal muscle fibre was completely differentiated. We conclude that in the 29th week of development (270 mm) the stapedius muscle structure is completely differentiated, although the functional development is not complete until birth.

Fracaso de la serología rápida para Helicobacter pylori como método diagnóstico en la consulta de atención primaria / Failure of rapid serology for helicobacter pylori as diagnostic method in the primary care clinic

Objetivo. Evaluar la validez de una prueba de serología rápida para el diagnóstico de infección por Helicobacter pylori en nuestro medio. Diseño. Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal. Emplazamiento. Centro de atención primaria urbano. Mediciones. Como pruebas de referencia para definir la presencia/ausencia de Helicobacter pylori se utilizan la histología y el test de ureasa de mucosa gástrica (Jatroxtest®). Ambos tests pueden ser positivos o negativos sin valores intermedios. Se comparan con el test de referencia, calculándose sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 47 pacientes consecutivos. La histología (confirmada con test de ureasa) demostró infección en 38 casos (prevalencia, 80,85 por ciento). Los resultados de la serología rápida con intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento son: sensibilidad, 0,66 (0,51-0,81); especificidad, 1 (1-1); valor predictivo positivo, 1 (1-1), y valor predictivo negativo, 0,41 (0,2-0,61). Conclusiones. En una población con alta prevalencia de infección, el test de serología rápida positivo confirma la infección. Sin embargo, un test negativo no la descarta, lo que disminuye significativamente el valor diagnóstico global, confirmando en el medio primario los resultados de estudios hospitalarios. (AU)

Is 1-week treatment for peptic ulcer healing sufficient and safe?

OBJECTIVE: To confirm whether 1-week anti-Helicobacter therapy to achieve ulcer healing is sufficient and safe. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with peptic ulcer who were infected with Helicobacter pylori and treated with 3 different 7-day regimens, according to predefined protocols in 3 different centers in the same geographical area (Aragón, Spain). Three combinations commonly described in the literature were used: a) omeprazole (40 mg/24 h), tetracycline hydrochloride (2 g/24 h), colloidal bismuth subcitrate (480 mg/24 h) and metronidazole (750 mg/24 h) (OBTM, n = 105); b) omeprazole (40 mg/24 h), clarithromycin (1.5 g/24 h) and amoxicillin (3 g/24 h) (O40C1.5A3, n = 13); and c) omeprazole (40 mg/24 h), clarithromycin (1 g/24 h) and amoxicillin (2 g/24 h) (O40C1A2, n = 4). In all patients the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease was confirmed endoscopically, and H. pylori infection was verified with urease testing and histological analysis. After treatment ended, no other antacids were allowed until after endoscopic examination to check eradication and ulcer healing. RESULTS: 122 patients were included (107 with duodenal ulcer, 12 with gastric ulcer and 3 with both). Compliance was good and side effects infrequent and mild. Eradication rates were 88.5% (93/105) in the OBTM group, 100% (13/13) with O40C1.5A3, and 75% (3/4) with O40C1A2. Healing was achieved in 98.16% (107/109) of the patients in whom the bacterial infection was eradicated, and in 23.07% (3/13) of those in whom it was not (p < 0.0001). No patient had any complications during the period without treatment. CONCLUSIONS: 1-week eradication therapy with previously described combinations commonly used in clinical practice achieves high ulcer healing rates with no complications in the period without antacid treatment. We consider that it is not necessary, at least in most patients, to prolong antacid therapy.

¿Es suficiente y seguro un tratamiento de una semana para cicatrizar la úlcera péptica? / Is 1-week treatment for peptic ulcer healing sufficient and safe?

OBJETIVO: confirmar si la terapia anti-Helicobacter pylori de una semana de duración es suficiente y segura para cicatrizar la úlcera péptica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se analizan de forma retrospectiva pacientes con úlcera péptica e infección por Helicobacter pylori sometidos a tratamiento erradicador con diversas pautas de siete días, con protocolos predefinidos, en tres centros diferentes de la misma área geográfica (Aragón, España). Se han utilizando tres combinaciones de fármacos ampliamente utilizadas en la literatura: a) OBTM (n = 105) omeprazol (40 mg/día), clorhidrato de tetraciclina (2 g/día), subcitrato de bismuto coloidal (480 mg/día) y metronidazol (750 mg/día); b) 040C1.5A3 (n = 13) omeprazol (40 mg/día), claritromicina (1,5 g/día) y amoxicilina (3 g/día), y c) 04OClA2 (n = 4) omeprazol (40 mg/día), claritromicina (1 g/día) y amoxicilina (2 g/día). Todos ellos eran diagnosticados de úlcera péptica activa por endoscopia e infección por Helicobacter pylori mediante ureasa y confirmación histológica. Tras la semana de tratamiento el enfermo no recibió fármacos antisecretores hasta la revisión endoscópica, realizada entre 28-60 días de finalizar el tratamiento, donde se comprobó cicatrización y erradicación (ureasa e histología). RESULTADOS: ciento veintidós pacientes fueron incluidos (107 con úlcera duodenal, 12 con úlcera gástrica y tres con ambas simultáneamente). El cumplimiento del tratamiento fue bueno y los efectos secundarios escasos y leves. Las tasas de erradicación obtenidas eran 88,5 por ciento (93/105) para el grupo OBTM, 100 por ciento (13/13) para 040CI.5A3 y 75 por ciento (3/4) para 04OClA2. Habían cicatrizado el 98,16 por ciento (107/109) de los pacientes erradicados frente a un 23,07 por ciento (3/13) de los no erradicados (p < 0,0001). Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones en el periodo de tiempo sin tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: el tratamiento erradicador de sólo una semana de duración con las pautas descritas, las más utilizadas en la práctica clínica, tiene una alta eficacia en la cicatrización de las lesiones sin existir complicaciones en el periodo de tiempo sin tratamiento. Por ello consideramos que no es necesario, al menos en la mayoría de los pacientes, prolongar el tratamiento antisecretor (AU)