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Stem Cell Res Ther ; 15(1): 160, 2024 Jun 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38835014

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant epidemiological problem worldwide. It is a pre-morbid, chronic and low-grade inflammatory disorder that precedes many chronic diseases. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) could be used to treat MetS because they express high regenerative capacity, strong immunomodulatory properties and allogeneic biocompatibility. This study aims to investigate WJ-MSCs as a therapy against MetS in a rat model. METHODS: Twenty-four animals were fed with high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet ad libitum. After 16 weeks, the animals were randomised into treatment groups (n = 8/group) and received a single intravenous administration of vehicle, that is, 3 × 106 cells/kg or 10 × 106 cells/kg of WJ-MSCs. A healthy animal group (n = 6) fed with a normal diet received the same vehicle as the control (CTRL). All animals were periodically assessed (every 4 weeks) for physical measurements, serum biochemistry, glucose tolerance test, cardiovascular function test and whole-body composition. Post-euthanasia, organs were weighed and processed for histopathology. Serum was collected for C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokine assay. RESULTS: The results between HFHF-treated groups and healthy or HFHF-CTRL did not achieve statistical significance (α = 0.05). The effects of WJ-MSCs were masked by the manifestation of different disease subclusters and continuous supplementation of HFHF diet. Based on secondary analysis, WJ-MSCs had major implications in improving cardiopulmonary morbidities. The lungs, liver and heart show significantly better histopathology in the WJ-MSC-treated groups than in the untreated CTRL group. The cells produced a dose-dependent effect (high dose lasted until week 8) in preventing further metabolic decay in MetS animals. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of safety and therapeutic proof-of-concept encourages further studies by improving the current therapeutic model.


Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Metabolic Syndrome , Wharton Jelly , Animals , Metabolic Syndrome/therapy , Metabolic Syndrome/pathology , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Rats , Wharton Jelly/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Male , Injections, Intravenous , Humans , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
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