Renal allograft eosinophilia: An unusual presentation of sudden graft dysfunction.

We present a case of sudden allograft dysfunction 11 months after renal transplantation which presented as severe peripheral and allograft eosinophilia and was managed as a case of an acute cellular rejection with significant interstitial graft eosinophilic infiltration. Patient had partial response to antirejection therapy and eventually ended up in a chronic allograft dysfunction.

Synthesis of new liquid crystals embedded gold nanoparticles for photoswitching properties.

A new series of liquid crystals decorated gold nanoparticles is synthesized whose molecular architecture has azobenzenes moieties as the peripheral units connected to gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) via alkyl groups. The morphology and mesomorphic properties were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. The thiolated ligand molecules (3a-c) showed enantiotropic smectic A phase, whereas gold nanoparticles (5a-c) exhibit nematic and smectic A phase with monotropic nature. HR-TEM measurement showed that the functionalized Au NPs are of the average size of 2nm and they are well dispersed without any aggregation. The trans-form of azo compounds showed a strong band in the UV region at ∼378nm for the π-π(∗) transition, and a weak band in the visible region at ∼472nm due to the n-π(∗) transition. These molecules exhibit attractive photoisomerization behaviour in which trans-cis transition takes about 15s whereas the cis-trans transition requires about 45min for compound 5c. The extent of reversible isomerization did not decay after 10 cycles, which proved that the photo-responsive properties of 5c were stable and repeatable. Therefore, these materials may be suitably exploited in the field of molecular switches and the optical storage devices.

Polarity dependent photoisomerization of ether substituted azodyes: Synthesis and photoswitching behavior.

Two new ether substituted azodyes were synthesized and characterized by different spectral analysis such as (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, FTIR and UV/Vis. Synthesized compounds were used to study the photoisomerization phenomenon by using UV-Vis spectro-photometer. Interesting polarity dependent effect is observed for the first time on these materials. Trans-cis (E-Z) and cis-trans (Z-E) conversion occurred within 41 s and 445 min, respectively for both the compounds in solutions. Polarizing optical microscopy studies revealed that there is no liquid crystal phase for both the compounds. The dramatic variation in the optical property is speculated to be the polarity of the chemical species. These derivatives are useful to fabricate optical data storage devices.

New para-substituted non-symmetric isoflavones for their fast photo-switching ability: synthesis and their liquid crystal characterization.

The first example of non-symmetric isoflavone-based fast photo-switchable liquid crystals with different functional groups at the terminal position were synthesized and characterized. Polarizing optical microscopy study revealed that the compounds showed least ordered nematic phase. Optical photo switching study exhibited very fast photoisomerization effect in solution. The E-Z and Z-E conversion occurred around 3-5s and 40-700 s respectively. This is also the first example of para-substituted non-symmetric isoflavone liquid crystals exhibiting very fast photo switching property in solution. Argument based on non-symmetrical behaviour might be the reason for the observed behaviour.

CBCT Cyst Leasions Diagnosis Imaging Mandible Maxilla.

The bony anatomy and the soft tissue contours of the maxillofacial region, along with the oro dental tissues, is very complex. In earlier times, analog radiographs of the skull, the mandible and the sinuses, along with intraoral films, were the only tools which were available for dentists. The past decade has seen a revolution in dental imaging, with the introduction of Cone beam computed tomography/cone beam volumetric tomography (CBCT/CBVT). In this article, we have discussed the value of CBCT in diagnosis and treatment planning which we observed in four cases of maxillofacial cystic lesions. It proved to be a multifaceted win-win situation for the diagnostician, the patient and the operating surgeon. The 3D imaging led to a precise pre-operative surgical planning, resulting in a surgery that was minimally invasive, minimally morbid and time saving and at the same time, conservative, yet complete.

Use of cortical bone screws in maxillofacial surgery - a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the various applications of cortical bone screws in oral and maxillofacial surgery. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted in a teaching hospital located in, Bangalore, India, on 20 patients. These patients were categorized into three groups depending on the applications of these screws like, for achieving intermaxillary fixation in Group-1, for treatment of simple, undisplaced fractures by "Tension wire" method in Group-2, and further application of these screws were evaluated in Group-3. Different parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy of these screws. RESULTS: In Group-1(n=12) there was satisfactory occlusion in all the patients with minimal incidence of complications. In Group-2 (n=4) post-operative reduction and fixation was satisfactory and in Group-3 (n=4) the function of these screws was satisfactory when it was used for vestibuloplasty and also as a suspension wiring in treatment of comminuted fracture of zygoma with minimal incidence of complications. CONCLUSION: Use of cortical bone screws is a valid alternative for achieving intermaxillary fixation, reduction and fixation of simple, undisplaced or minimally displaced fractures through Tension wire method owing to its simplicity, economy and ease of use, and as a fixation method for apically positioned flap in vestibuloplasty procedure. How to cite the article: Satish M, Rahman NM, Reddy VS, Yuvaraj A, Muliyar S, Razak PA. Use of Cortical Bone Screws in Maxillofacial Surgery - A Prospective Study. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(2):62-7.

Dento-Alveolar distraction osteogenesis using rigid intra-oral tooth borne distraction device.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this clinical prospective study is to apply and evaluate an approach to reduce the overall orthodontic treatment time, by means of dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis to achieve rapid canine retraction using an indigenously developed intra-oral tooth-borne distraction device. MATERIALS & METHODS: This study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Four patients selected for the purpose of Maxillary and/or Mandibular canine distraction with a rigid custom-made, intra-oral distraction device made of stainless steel and were scheduled for orthodontic treatment with bilateral first premolar extraction and then subsequent bilateral canine teeth distalization. RESULTS: In all the patients the canine teeth moved distally and made contact with the second premolars within 14-16 days range after which they were kept passive, with the appliance for a week of consolidation. The amount of canine retraction was in 7-7.5mms range, in all the patients, in each of the four quadrants studied. Bodily movement, tipping and buccal flaring of the canine teeth were noticed in all the cases. CONCLUSION: Combination of newer orthodontic appliances and the principles of biomechanics to maintain the control over rapid tooth movement, rapid canine distalization using distraction osteogenesis awaits further development before routine application, of this innovative and exciting approach. How to cite the article: Nair A, Kumar JP, Venkataramana V, Yuvaraj A, Reddy VS, Kumar SK. Dento-Alveolar distraction osteogenesis using rigid intra-oral tooth borne distraction device. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(2):106-13.

Estimation of salivary ß-glucuronidase activity as a marker of periodontal disease: A case control study.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to estimate the salivary ß-glucuronidase level in healthy and diseased periodontium and to correlate the level with clinical measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 70 patients were included in this study with the age ranging from 30 to 65 years. Both males and females were included. They were divided into two groups: Control having healthy periodontium (n = 20) and experimental having diseased periodontium (n = 50). The parameters recorded were probing pocket depth, probing attachment level, gingival index, ß-glucuronidase activity in the saliva, number of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes count, and platelet count. RESULTS: It was observed that there was an increase in the level of salivary ß-glucuronidase in the experimental subjects than in the control patients, and a significant positive linear relationship existed between salivary ß-glucuronidase level and probing pocket depth in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Level of salivary ß-glucuronidase increases during inflammation in the periodontium.