ABSTRACT
Plasma metabolite and immunoreactive insulin concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes were measured in growing Holstein calves. A ratio of girth of abdomen divided by girth of thorax (A/T ratio) of calves was significantly elevated after weaning, and the A/T ratio maybe a good indicator to evaluate rumen development. Plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were changed in calves accompanying change in feeding. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase with pyruvate as substrate (LDH-P) and hexokinase (HK) in cytosolic fractions of peripheral leukocytes decreased significantly after weaning the calves reflecting the change of energy source from milk replacer with high percentages of fat and glucose and lactose as absorbable carbohydrate to pelleted feed containing starch as less absorbable carbohydrate and roughage. Some peripheral leukocyte enzymes such as LDH and HK may be good indicators to evaluate changes in energy metabolism of growing calves.
Subject(s)
Cattle/growth & development , Cattle/metabolism , Energy Metabolism , Insulin/analysis , Leukocytes/enzymology , Abdomen/anatomy & histology , Animal Feed , Animals , Biometry , Cattle/blood , Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism , Hexokinase/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Male , Plasma/metabolism , Thorax/anatomy & histology , WeaningABSTRACT
Selective adhesion to only certain epithelia is particularly common among the bacterial members of the indigenous microflora of mammals. We have found that the stratified squamous epithelium of the nonsecreting area of horse stomach is colonized by gram-positive rods. The microscopic features of a dense layer of these bacteria on the epithelium were found to be similar to those reported in mice, rats, and swine. Adhering microorganisms were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus salivarius, L. crispatus, L. reuteri, and L. agilis by DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. These lactobacilli associated with the horse, except for L. reuteri, were found to adhere to horse epithelial cells in vitro but not to those of rats. A symbiotic relationship of these lactobacilli with the horse is suggested.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Adhesion , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , Gastric Mucosa/microbiology , Horses/microbiology , Lactobacillus/growth & development , Animals , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/analysis , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Female , Genes, Bacterial , Genes, rRNA , Germ-Free Life , Lactobacillus/classification , Lactobacillus/isolation & purification , Lactobacillus/physiology , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Rats , Rats, Inbred F344 , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Thirty-five patients with a variety of spinal cord tumors were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 22 out of these cases, the efficacy of Dimeglumine gadopentetate (Gd-DTPA) in enhancing MRI was also investigated. The results were as follows: (1) MRI was capable of discerning the level of tumors. (2) MRI was able to distinguish intramedullary from extramedullary tumors. MRI, however, could not always differentiate extradural from intradural tumors. (3) Some cases of lipoma, arteriovenous malformation and hematoma were diagnosed by MRI. (4) Gd-DTPA was found to be effective in enhancing MRI in all cases of spinal cord tumors with exception of two cases of arteriovenous malformations. In conclusion, MRI is very useful in diagnosing spinal cord tumors. MRI, when enhanced with Gd-DTPA, is capable of revealing the content of tumors but also differentiating intramedullary tumors from surrounding edema and syrinx.
