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1.
Mol Cancer ; 19(1): 132, 2020 08 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32854710

ABSTRACT

At the moment, pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest gastrointestinal diseases, and pancreatic cancer growth is a complex biological process that is based on different kinds of genes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNA (mRNA), and proteins, they act as the most prominent mediator of intercellular communication, and they regulate, instruct, and re-educate their surrounding microenvironment and target specific organs. Due to accumulative evidence proved that exosomes are involved in metastasis, cell proliferation, EMT, angiogenesis, and TME of pancreatic cancer, exosomes are crucial potential candidates to detect pancreatic cancer early. This review aims to convey the current understanding of the main functions employed by exosomes in early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Exosomes/genetics , Extracellular Vesicles/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Humans , Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Tumor Microenvironment/genetics , Pancreatic Neoplasms
2.
Pancreatology ; 20(1): 79-88, 2020 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31780287

ABSTRACT

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the dangerous human cancers, is the 10th highly prevalent cancer, and the fourth sole cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States of America. Notwithstanding the significant commitment, the forecast for people with this burden continues to have a five-year survival rate of just 4-6%. The most critical altered genes within PDAC consist of K-ras the proto-oncogene which is usually mutationally activated above 90% cases and tumor suppressors likeTrp53 are altered at 55%. To face the burden of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a variety of genetically engineered pancreatic cancer mice models have been created over the last past years. These models have distinctive features and are not all appropriate for preclinical studies. In this review, we focus on differences between two mice models K-rasLSL.G12D/+;Pdx-1-Cre(KC) and K-rasLSL.G12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-1-Cre(KPC) in terms of their modeling biology and their clinical relevance.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics , Disease Models, Animal , Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics , Animals , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Mutation , Proto-Oncogene Mas
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