ABSTRACT
Introducción: Este estudio analiza, en una muestra de niños españoles, las diferencias en el temperamento entre niños que tartamudean y niños con un desarrollo típico, con el objetivo de relacionar dichas diferencias con la aparición de la tartamudez. Metodología: Participaron 47 niños con tartamudez y 47 niños con desarrollo típico de entre 2 y 6 años, igualados en género y edad (± 2 meses). Para valorar el temperamento se utilizó la adaptación española del Children's Behavioral Questionnaire (CBQ) en su versión corta, que es una prueba informada por los padres. Resultados: Los niños que tartamudean obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas que los niños con desarrollo típico en nivel de actividad (4.04 frente a 4.39) y en impulsividad (4.02 frente a 4,72). Los niños que tartamudean también puntuaron más bajo en el factor general de surgencia/extraversión (4.14 frente a 4.59). Conclusión: Aparecieron diferencias en el temperamento entre ambos grupos en 2de las 15 escalas del CBQ, al contrario que en estudios de otros países donde hubo mayores diferencias. Se hipotetiza que estos hallazgos podrían deberse a un efecto de la edad, ya que la mayoría de los participantes contaban entre 2 y 4 años, indicando que a edades tempranas no hay una relación clara entre características temperamentales y la tartamudez.(AU)
Introduction: This study analyzes, in a Spanish-speaking sample, differences in temperament between children who stutter and typically-developing children, aiming to establish a relation between such differences and stuttering onset. Methodology: Participants consisted of 47 children who stutter and 47 typically-developing children aged 26 years, matched in gender and age (±months). Temperament was assessed using the Spanish version of the short form of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), a parent rating scale. Results: Children who stutter scored lower compared to their typically-developing matches in activity level (4.04 vs. 4.39) and impulsivity (4.02 vs. 4,72). Children who stutter also scored significantly lower in the general surgency factor (4.14 vs. 4.59). Conclusion: Temperamental differences between both groups emerged in 2of the 15 scales of the CBQ, unlike in studies from other countries where such differences were more pronounced. It is hypothesised that these findings could be due to an age effect, as most of the participants were between 2 and 4 years old, indicating that at young ages there is no clear relationship between temperamental characteristics and stuttering.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Temperament , Stuttering/psychology , Speech Disorders , Speech-Language Pathology , Child Development , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Speech , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Audiology , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
Se plantea un estudio epidemiológico con los casos clínicos con antecedentes de prematuridad, que acudieron a consulta desde diciembre de 1997 hasta diciembre de 2010 a un centro privado de psicología de Madrid. La muestra del estudio está compuesta por un grupo de 95 sujetos (63 varones y 32 mujeres) de entre 2 y 15 años de edad. El objetivo es describir la morbilidad en un grupo de niños de diferentes edades con antecedentes de prematuridad. La historia clínica de los niños se registra en una ficha protocolizada con sus diagnósticos, situación y evolución clínica. Los juicios diagnósticos se analizaron descriptivamente mediante frecuencias, porcentajes y tablas de contingencia. Los niños prematuros presentaron en su mayoría trastorno de la comunicación y/o trastorno de aprendizaje. Se plantea la necesidad de seguimiento y control del desarrollo en estos niños, por ser población en riesgo, como prevención de futuros problemas que podrían afectar a diferentes ámbitos de la vida tanto escolar como personal (AU)
This paper presents an epidemiological study based on a clinical sample with prematurity antecedents that was diagnosed and received treatment in a private psychology center in Madrid between December 1997 and December 2010. The study sample is 97 subjects (63 male and 32 female) between 2 and 15 years of age. The main objective of the present study is to describe the morbidity in a sample of children born preterm of different ages. Data were obtained from the medical history record. The diagnoses were analyzed and described using frequencies, percentages and contingency tables. Results revealed that most of the children showed communication and learning disabilities. A long-term follow-up of children born preterm is needed, to assess and control their development in different areas. It is suggested that the early identification and intervention on the difficulties of this at at-risk population can reduce the presence of behavior and school-learning difficulties later in life (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology , Infant, Premature/physiology , Learning Disabilities/complications , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Morbidity/trends , Contingency Plans , Learning Disabilities/rehabilitationABSTRACT
Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are photosynthetic microalgae that have an extreme importance due to the impact of some toxic species on shellfish aquaculture industry. Alexandrium catenella is the species responsible for the production of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Chile and other geographical areas. We have constructed a cDNA library from midexponential cells of A. catenella grown in culture free of associated bacteria and sequenced 10,850 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that were assembled into 1,021 contigs and 5,475 singletons for a total of 6,496 unigenes. Approximately 41.6% of the unigenes showed similarity to genes with predicted function. A significant number of unigenes showed similarity with genes from other dinoflagellates, plants, and other protists. Among the identified genes, the most expressed correspond to those coding for proteins of luminescence, carbohydrate metabolism, and photosynthesis. The sequences of 9,847 ESTs have been deposited in Gene Bank (accession numbers EX 454357-464203).
