Possibilities of intraoperative thermal chemotherapy in radical surgery for advanced gastric cancer pt4a-4bn0-3M0.

The paper evaluates results of randomized study of treatment of 135 patients for II-IIIB stage resectable gastric cancer (Borrmann type III and IV); of them 70 underwent intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy based on a technique adopted in the clinic. It has been noted the improvement of long-term results in particular the increase of dissemination-free survival (plog-rank=0,004) especially in patients with absence of metastases in regional lymph nodes (pN0) - (plog-rank=0,03). Application of an integrated technique appears to improve remote results thereby necessitating the need for further studies.

[Surgical treatment of patients with lung cancer involving mediastinum organs with massive invasion in the thoracic aorta by using the extracorporeal circulation].

The patients (11 cases) with massive invasion in the thoracic aorta have been operated in the period from 2002 till 2010. The tumor of left lung was diagnosed in 9 cases and tumor of the mediastinum--in 2 cases. Prosthetics of the arch of aorta was performed under condition of artificial circulation in 6 cases. The prosthetics of the descending aorta was performed in 5 cases. A condition of artificial circulation was partially used in 1 case, fully used in one and the assist circulation was applied in 3 cases. The hospital lethality consisted of 4 patients. The common number of patients with severe hospital complications was 5. The survival of one-, two- or three--year estimated 36.4 +/- 14.5%, 18.2 +/-11.6% and 0% respectively. A median of survival was 1,63 months. The remaining 7 patients died in a long-term period. The cause of death was a progress of tumor process in vast majority of cases.

NO-dependent regulation of lectin- and menadione-induced H2O2 production by cells from pleural effusions of lung cancer patients and by immune cells.

Molecular mechanisms of interplay between reactive oxygen (superoxide, hydroxyl radical, H2O2 etc.) and nitrogen (nitric oxide - NO, ONOO-, NO2-, NO3- etc.) forms are proposed to be of key importance for cell and tumor biology. Considering NO as a signal molecule we have studied the impact of NO release on processes of generation of H2O2 in different experimental systems including pleural effusions (PE) of lung cancer patients, human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and rat thymocytes. It was found that PE of lung cancer patients contain a high level of [NO2-+NO3-], i.e. 43.4 25.6 microM (n=15), and PE cells could effectively generate H2O2 in response to lectins from Viscum album (VAA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA), and Pisum sativum (PSA) as well as to menadione. A positive correlation between the [NO2-+NO3-] concentration and menadione-induced H2O2 generation (r=0.1964) was found, whereas the [NO2-+NO3-] concentration and lectin-induced H2O2 generation (PHA, r=-0.4099; PSA, r=-0.3949; VAA, r=-0.3225) were negatively correlated. Notably, an increase of H2O2 generation by PE cells was determined in the range of 20-35 microM [NO2-+NO3-]. When PMNs and rat thymocytes were treated with a donor of NO (sodium nitroprusside), the release of H2O2 in response to lectins or menadione was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The end products of NO biochemistry, assayed as KNO2 and KNO3, were not able to affect significantly the H2O2 generation processes. In conclusion, the data indicate that the potential for triggered H2O2-generation of cells is modulated markedly by the presence of NO or derived reaction compounds. This relation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE malignancies with potential relevance for therapeutic strategies.

[The forming of uniform groups of patients with peripheral lung cancer: the methodological bases and clinical importance]. / Formirovanie odnorodnykh grupp bol'nykh perifericheskim rakom legkogo: metodologicheskie osnovy i klinicheskoe znachenie.

In a group of 268 cases of operable peripheral lung cancer, subgroups homogeneous for major prognostic factors were formed which differed in end results of radical treatment, rate of dissemination and response to additional radiotherapy. The method allows to choose optimal diagnostic and therapeutic options for an individual patient.

[The immediate results of the use of isometronidazole in the combination therapy of patients with lung cancer]. / Neposredstvennye rezul'taty primeneniia izometronidazola pri kombinirovannom lechenii bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

The paper is devoted to assessment of isometronidazole tolerance, used as a radiosensitizer for preoperative irradiation of lung cancer patients, and to characterization of morphological postradiation changes in tissues of carcinomas removed at operation. Isometronidazole was shown to cause no severe side-effects in patients, improving considerably radiation injury of the tumor parenchyma.

[Survival of patients with lung cancer in combined treatment using hyperglycemia]. / Vyzhivaemost' bol'nykh rakom legkogo pri kombinirovannom lechenii s ispol'zovaniem giperglikemii.

The paper is concerned with the results of a randomized study of combined therapy of lung cancer patients including large field radiotherapy (total irradiation of 20 Gy, daily fractionation of 4 Gy) and induced hyperglycemia (22-23 mmol/l). The use of new variants of combined therapy was shown to increase significantly the survival of patients, however therapeutic efficacy was different depending on the time of hyperglycemia: whether it was used before radiotherapy sessions or after their discontinuation.

[Results of combined operations in patients with lung cancer]. / Rezul'taty kombinirovannykh operatsii u bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

The authors studied the effect of extrapulmonary spread of the primary tumor on the prognosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the lung. The outcome of the disease in such spread of carcinoma is also determined by the condition of the regional lymph nodes and the localization, area, and depth of the invasion. Different variants of adjuvant radiotherapy improve on the whole the late-term results of combined operations.

[Prognostic significance of metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes in lung cancer]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie metastaticheskogo porazheniia regionarnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov pri rake legkogo.

The study was concerned with a retrospective evaluation of the results of treatment of 1400 patients with operable epidermoid lung cancer. The prognostic significance of regional lymph node involvement in combination with such tumor parameters as site, size, degree of differentiation and gross pattern of primary tumor was evaluated.

[Effect of tumor antigens on leukocyte adherence in the blood in stomach cancer]. / Vliianie antigenov opukholei na prilipaemost' leikotsitov krovi pri rake zheludka.

The reaction of changes in leukocyte adherence was compared in 79 cases of stomach cancer, 44 cases of other gastric diseases and healthy subjects. Tumor antigens were shown to inhibit the adherence of lymphocytes and granulocytes in 61 out of 79 cancer patients (77,2%); adherence inhibition was more frequently observed in patients with stage I-III tumors than in cases of stage IV tumors. The removal of the antigens of normal mucosa from tumor tissue extracts did not affect the frequency of positive reactions in cancer patients significantly. However, the frequency dropped from 22-34 to 2.3-13.6% in the group of non-tumor patients.

[Effect of tumor antigens on receptors of T-and B-lymphocytes in patients with cancer of the stomach]. / Vliianie antigenov opukholei na retseptory T- i B-limfotsitov bol'nykh rakom zheludka.

The effect of tumor antigens and those of gastric mucosa on rosette-formation by T-lymphocytes of blood and sheep red blood cells was studied in 65 gastric cancer patients by means of a spontaneous E-rosette-formation variation test. Antigens of original tumor extracts stimulated rosette-formation in 55.4% of patients, more frequently in cases of stage I-II tumors than in those of stage IV. After antigens of normal mucosa were removed from tumor extracts the frequency of positive tests did not change significantly in gastric cancer group, whereas, in controls, it dropped from 26.4 to 7.5%. Tumor antigens tested did not produce the same effect on the rosette-formation by B-lymphocytes with mouse red blood cells.