ABSTRACT
BACKGROUNDS: COVID-19 pandemic led to a sharp decline in surgical volume worldwide due to the postponement of elective procedures. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in surgical volumes and outcomes of abdominal surgery in high-risk patients requiring intensive care unit admission. METHODS: patients admitted for postoperative care were retrospectively evaluated. Data concerning perioperative variables and outcomes were compared in two different periods: January 2017-December 2019 and January 2020-December 2022, respectively, before (period I) and after (period II) the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: 1.402 patients (897 women, mean age 62+17 years) were investigated. Most of the patients underwent colorectal (n=393) and pancreato-biliary (n=240) surgery, 52% of elective procedures. Surgical volume was significantly lower in period II (n=514) when compared to period I (n= 888). No recovery was observed in the number of surgical procedures in 2022 (n=135) when compared to 2021(n=211) and 2020 (n=168). Subjects who underwent abdominal surgery in period II had higher Charlson comorbidity index (4,85+3,0 vs. 4,35+2,8, p=0,002), more emergent/urgent procedures (51% vs. 45%, p=0,03) and more clean-contaminated wounds (73,5% vs. 66,8%, p=0,02). A significant decrease in the volume of colorectal surgery was also observed (24% vs, 31%, p<0,0001) after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, 125 (8,9%) died, no deaths due to COVID-19 infection. Mortality was higher in period II when compared to period I (11% vs. 8%, p=0,08). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a decrease in surgical volume of high-risk patients without apparent recovery in recent years. No influence of COVID-19 was noted in postoperative mortality.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Male , Retrospective Studies , Middle Aged , Aged , Pandemics , Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Backgrounds: COVID-19 pandemic led to a sharp decline in surgical volume worldwide due to the postponement of elective procedures. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in surgical volumes and outcomes of abdominal surgery in high-risk patients requiring intensive care unit admission. Methods: patients admitted for postoperative care were retrospectively evaluated. Data concerning perioperative variables and outcomes were compared in two different periods: January 2017-December 2019 and January 2020-December 2022, respectively, before (period I) and after (period II) the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 1.402 patients (897 women, mean age 62+17 years) were investigated. Most of the patients underwent colorectal (n=393) and pancreato-biliary (n=240) surgery, 52% of elective procedures. Surgical volume was significantly lower in period II (n=514) when compared to period I (n= 888). No recovery was observed in the number of surgical procedures in 2022 (n=135) when compared to 2021(n=211) and 2020 (n=168). Subjects who underwent abdominal surgery in period II had higher Charlson comorbidity index (4,85+3,0 vs. 4,35+2,8, p=0,002), more emergent/urgent procedures (51% vs. 45%, p=0,03) and more clean-contaminated wounds (73,5% vs. 66,8%, p=0,02). A significant decrease in the volume of colorectal surgery was also observed (24% vs, 31%, p<0,0001) after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, 125 (8,9%) died, no deaths due to COVID-19 infection. Mortality was higher in period II when compared to period I (11% vs. 8%, p=0,08). Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a decrease in surgical volume of high-risk patients without apparent recovery in recent years. No influence of COVID-19 was noted in postoperative mortality.
RESUMO Introdução: a pandemia COVID-19 levou a um importante declínio mundial no volume cirúrgico devido ao adiamento de procedimentos eletivos. Este estudo avaliou o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 nos volumes e nos resultados da cirurgia abdominal em pacientes criticos. Métodos: pacientes internados para cuidados pósoperatórios foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Dados relativos aos desfechos perioperatórios foram comparados em dois períodos: janeiro-2017 a dezembro-2019 e janeiro-2020 a dezembro-2022, respectivamente, antes (período I) e depois (período II) da pandemia COVID-19. Resultados: foram investigados 1.402 pacientes (897 mulheres, idade 62+17 anos). A maioria dos pacientes foi submetida a cirurgia colorretal (n=393) e pancreatobiliar (n=240), sendo 52% dos procedimentos eletivos. O volume cirúrgico foi significativamente menor no período II (n=514) quando comparado ao período I (n=888). Não foi observada recuperação no número de procedimentos cirúrgicos em 2022 (n=135) quando comparado a 2021 (n=211) e 2020 (n=168). Indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia abdominal no período II apresentaram maior índice de comorbidade de Charlson (4,85+3,0 vs. 4,35+2,8, p=0,002), mais procedimentos emergenciais/urgentes (51% vs. 45%, p =0,03) e mais feridas potencialmente contaminadas (73,5% vs. 66,8%, p=0,02). Observou-se diminuição significativa no volume de cirurgia colorretal (24% vs, 31%, p<0,0001) após o início da pandemia de COVID-19, com 125 (8,9%) óbitos, nenhuma morte por COVID-19. A mortalidade foi maior no período II quando comparada ao período I (11% vs. 8%, p=0,08). Conclusões: a pandemia de COVID-19 foi associada à diminuição do volume cirúrgico de pacientes de alto risco sem recuperação aparente nos últimos anos. Nenhuma influência da COVID-19 foi observada na mortalidade pósoperatória.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Renal failure (RF) is reported to occur in 11-49% of the patients with decompensated end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and has been associated with increased mortality, particularly in the occurrence of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) type 1. AIMS: To evaluate the frequency and outcome of RF in patients admitted to the hospital due to decompensated ESLD and to assess the impact of the underlying cause of RF on survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred and six patients (65% males, mean age 62 ± 12 years) with decompensated ESLD were evaluated for the occurrence of RF (defined as serum creatinine ³ 1.5 mg/mL). The underlying cause of RF was reckoned in each subject and compared to outcome. RESULTS: Renal failure was observed in 39% of the patients at admission and in 10% of the subjects during hospitalization. Mortality was significantly higher in subjects with RF (26 vs. 1%, p < 0.000001). Hypovolemia, bacterial infections, parenchymal kidney diseases and HRS were identified as causes of RF in, respectively, 40, 32, 15 and 12% of the cases. Mortality was significantly higher in those subjects with HRS type 1 and bacterial infections, when compared to other causes of RF. CONCLUSIONS: Renal failure occurs in nearly half of the patients with decompensated ESLD. It is most commonly caused by hypovolemia and bacterial infections. Occurrence of RF has an adverse impact in patient survival, particularly in those subjects with bacterial infections and HRS type 1, prone to develop progressive renal dysfunction despite intensive medical care.
Subject(s)
End Stage Liver Disease/epidemiology , End Stage Liver Disease/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis/mortality , Renal Insufficiency/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency/etiology , Age Factors , Aged , Bacterial Infections/complications , Comorbidity , Disease Progression , Female , Hepatorenal Syndrome/complications , Humans , Hypovolemia/complications , Kidney Diseases/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is reported to occur in 4% to 32% of the patients with chronic liver disease and is associated with poor liver function and shortened patient survival before and after liver transplantation. AIMS: To assess the frequency of hepatopulmonary syndrome in Brazilian patients with decompensated chronic liver disease and to investigate its impact on patient survival. METHODS: One hundred and thirty patients (101 males, mean age 61 +/- 12 years) with decompensated chronic liver disease were evaluated for the presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome. The diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome was considered in the presence of alveolar arterial oxygen gradient of more than 15 mm Hg and of pulmonary vascular dilatation assessed by contrast enhanced echocardiography. RESULTS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome was observed in 21 (16%) patients. The presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome was significantly associated with severity of liver disease assessed by the MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) score, but not with in hospital mortality after admission due to decompensated chronic liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome occurs in 16% of patients with chronic liver disease and is associated with disease severity according to the MELD score. Short term mortality following decompensation of chronic liver disease was not associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Subject(s)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Liver Diseases/mortality , Chronic Disease , Echocardiography/methods , Female , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/etiology , Humans , Image Enhancement , Liver Diseases/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Respiratory Function Tests , Severity of Illness Index , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is reported to occur in 4 percent to 32 percent of the patients with chronic liver disease and is associated with poor liver function and shortened patient survival before and after liver transplantation. AIMS: To assess the frequency of hepatopulmonary syndrome in Brazilian patients with decompensated chronic liver disease and to investigate its impact on patient survival. METHODS: One hundred and thirty patients (101 males, mean age 61 ± 12 years) with decompensated chronic liver disease were evaluated for the presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome. The diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome was considered in the presence of alveolar arterial oxygen gradient of more than 15 mm Hg and of pulmonary vascular dilatation assessed by contrast enhanced echocardiography. RESULTS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome was observed in 21 (16 percent) patients. The presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome was significantly associated with severity of liver disease assessed by the MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) score, but not with in hospital mortality after admission due to decompensated chronic liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome occurs in 16 percent of patients with chronic liver disease and is associated with disease severity according to the MELD score. Short term mortality following decompensation of chronic liver disease was not associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
RACIONAL: A síndrome hepatopulmonar ocorre em 4 por cento a 32 por cento dos pacientes com doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado e está associada à gravidade da doença hepática e menor sobrevida antes e após o transplante hepático. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a freqüência da síndrome hepatopulmonar em pacientes brasileiros hospitalizados com doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado descompensada e investigar o seu impacto na sobrevida intra-hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Cento e trinta doentes (101 homens, idade média 61 ± 12 anos) com doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado descompensada foram avaliados quanto à presença de síndrome hepatopulmonar. O diagnóstico de síndrome hepatopulmonar foi considerado na presença de aumento do gradiente alvéolo arterial de oxigênio maior que 15 mm Hg e de dilatação vascular pulmonar avaliada pelo ecocardiografia com microbolhas. RESULTADOS: Síndrome hepatopulmonar foi observada em 21 (16 por cento) dos doentes. Sua presença foi associada à gravidade da doença hepática avaliada pela pontuação MELD, mas não com mortalidade intra-hospitalar. CONCLUSÕES: A síndrome hepatopulmonar ocorre em 16 por cento dos pacientes hospitalizados com doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado, estando associada à gravidade da doença hepática. Mortalidade a curto prazo por descompensação da doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado não foi associada à presença de síndrome hepatopulmonar.
