[Long-term inpatient treatment of extreme juvenile obesity: an 18-month catamnestic study]. / Studie zur stationären Langzeittherapie der extremen juvenilen Adipositas. Jeder Zweite nimmt langfristig ab.

Eighteen months after completion of long-term treatment of 98 extremely overweight juveniles in the rehabilitation center Insula, this study revealed an improvement in the age-specific body mass index (BMI-SDS) in 55.1% of the cases, when all the non-responders (approx. 22%) were evaluated as failures. An improvement of at least 0.2 or 0.5 BMI SDS points was achieved in 41.8% and 21.4%, respectively.

[Alcohol and aggression--violence prone drivers preventing passing maneuvers]. / Alkohol und Aggressivität--gewaltbereite Uberholverhinderer.

1. The regulation that currently applies to driving bans is not an "ineffective weapon". The span of sanction of 1 to 3 months is sufficient. Anything in addition to that will be covered by the safety aspects of the section 69, 69 a StGB. 2. In cases of violence in traffic there is no deficit in sanctions with regards to the instruments e. g. section 240, 315 b and 315 c StGB. 3. The assessing of the drivers fitness requires more than the driving ban, the withdrawal of the driving license and the psychological retraining of drivers. It also requires an expert assessment of the officially authorized assessment office.

[Revoking the right to drive--a blunt weapon against alcohol intoxicated drivers, hit-and-run drivers and speed limit and red light offenders?]. / Fahrverbot--eine stumpfe Waffe gegenüber Alkoholtätern, Unfallflüchtigen sowie bei Geschwindigkeits- und Rotlichtverstössen?

The differences of the driving ban are determined by the text of law and the type of offence (drink driving, hit-and-run driving) or minor infringement. "Levelling down" is inappropriate. Character defects can be compensated by re-training programmes for drivers, years of sound driving experience and economic difficulties (unemployment). In these cases--especially if it is a first offence--the best way out of the dilemma is an exemption from the driving ban. Despite years of good reputation the exemption from the driving ban is out of the question if alcohol abuse is reinforced by violence.

Comparison between prolactin, gonadotrophins and steroid hormones in serum and follicular fluid after stimulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists and human menopausal gonadotrophin for an in-vitro fertilization programme.

The inter-relationship between serum and follicular fluid prolactin, oestradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) in two groups of women was investigated. In group 1, 32 women were treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) in a long term protocol and subsequently stimulated with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG). In group 2, 25 women were simultaneously stimulated with GnRH-a in a short protocol with HMG. Follicular fluid was collected from 54 follicles in group 1 and 47 follicles in group 2. Serum was obtained on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration. Serum prolactin and oestradiol concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.025 and P < 0.01, respectively) in group 1 than in group 2. Serum LH (P < 0.005), FSH (P < 0.01) and progesterone (P < 0.025) were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Follicular fluid prolactin was significantly higher (P < 0.005) in group 1. No differences were found in follicular fluid progesterone and oestradiol. Follicular fluid LH was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in group 1. Serum prolactin correlated positively with oestradiol in both groups (P < 0.005 group 1; P < 0.02 group 2). No significant correlation was found between serum prolactin and LH in group 1. We conclude that prolactin secretion is independent from LH secretion. Hyperprolactinaemia, which is observed in women stimulated with GnRH-a and HMG, is positively associated with increased oestradiol.

[Exceptions for revoking the driver's license of alcohol intoxicated drivers at apprehension and during initial withdrawal]. / Ausnahmen vom Fahrerlaubnisentzug bei alkoholauffälligen Kraftfahrern im Erkenntnisverfahren und bei vorläufigem Entzug.

Exceptions from the withdrawal of permission to drive should be allowed primarily to first offenders. In case of alcohol conspicuous first offenders a post-schooling course has a positive influence to exceptions, if a favourable prognosis for the future can be made especially in case of total abstinence instead of "Controlled Drinking": In spite of longstanding good reputation (minimum 25 years) exceptions to the withdrawal of permission to drive are excluded if the blood alcohol concentration exceeded 1.8/1000.

[Premature return of the drivers' license--temporal limits according to section 69 a Abs. 7 StGB]. / Vorzeitige Wiedererteilung der Fahrerlaubnis--zeitliche Grenzen gem. section 69 a Abs. 7 StGB.

1) Text of law and kind of crime (driving under the influence of alcohol) don't allow a reduction of the minimal period of revocation. 2) A new definition of section 69 a Abs. 7 StGB and a reduction respectively a renunciation of minimal period of revocation should give possibility to courts and reprieval authorities to ensure the inclusion of a large number of persons suitable for additional training and in cases of total abstinence traffic authority should regard the aptitude for participation in traffic as regranted.

[Reducing the duration of revoked driving permit penalty in alcoholic drivers following psychological remedial traffic education]. / Abkürzung der Fahrerlaubnissperre bei Alkoholtätern nach verkehrspsychologischer Nachschulung.

1) Also new facts--driver improvement, longstanding good reputation in road traffic (minimum 25 years)--are only conditionally acceptable to substantiate a reduction in the blocking period in terms of section 69 a section 7 StGB. 2) A high blood alcohol level (as from 0.2 g %) precludes the reduction in the blocking period for obtaining a driving licence of drunken drivers. 3) Attending a post-schooling course may, in individual cases, as a new fact able to justify a reduction of blocking period. 4) In many cases the court is insisting behind own behaviour prognosis on a specialist for psychological selection tests.

[Driving fitness of apprehended alcoholics--fitness test and remedial psychological traffic education]. / Zur Fahreignung von Alkoholtätern--Eignungstest und verkehrspsychologische Nachschulung.

1) No Therapy Without Screening: According to the prevailing opinion of jurists and psychologists) who are occupied with problems concerning post-schooling and of the traffic authorities in charge of issuing driving licences screening is absolutely necessary with regard to traffic-psychological post-schoolings as characteristical maladjustments of either reparable or irreparable nature can only be detected at such screening). Only medical and psychological screening can help to achieve the necessary clarification.) Screening is frequently connected with counselling for therapy, as it is for example stressed in the names of the institutions concerned in the länder of Rhineland-Palatine, North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony). 2) Exclusion of Drink-Drivers: Screening is particularly essential to exclude the so called drink-drivers who are alcoholics from post-schooling. The necessity of such an exclusion is stressed by Müller's) latest investigation of traffic--accident data in correlation to the blood-alcohol concentration, and it must be assumed that the percentage of undetected drink-drivers with a medium blood-alcohol concentration is extremely high. One has to agree with Himmelreich) that models for post-schooling must not exclude alcoholics and criminal offenders. In this case one has to differentiate between the problem drinker) who can be post-schooled and the drink-driver described by Winkler.) Bode) and Scherer) with rigid drinking habits, a raised disposition for risk) and a reduced responsibility according to sections 20, 21 of the German Criminal Law (StGB) to such an extend that a consciousness of guilt can be ruled out). Already after the preliminary examination of such alcoholics) it has to be assumed that an immediate traffic-psychological post-schooling will hardly be successful because of the lack or considerably reduced ability of responsibility. Post-schoolings do not have compensatory effects when regular alcohol abuse (drink-driver) is concerned. In extreme cases a detoxication and the attendance of sessions of a self-help group would have to take place first. Only afterwards a traffic-psychological post-schooling can be carried out as a long term therapy. 3) Models for the Post-schooling of Individuals Tested: The "Saarbrücken model" of a collaboration of the medical-psychological institutes of the technical supervision union (TUV) and independent psychologists allows a culmination of different post-schooling and control measures with drink-drivers after negative examinations: medical tests, laboratory, chemical checks of the liver data, traffic-psychological post-schoolings of individuals and the attendance of sessions of self-help groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

[Some focal points for penalty apportionment and penalty suspension in the assessment of alcohol-related road traffic accidents]. / Einige Schwerpunkte für die Strafzumessung und Strafaussetzung zur Bewährung bei Alkoholdelikten im Strassenverkehr.

According to a great number of judgements by law courts the authors show different criterions for and against fixing a prison sentence and for and against suspension of punishment for probation in cases of drunken driving. The criterions depend partly on the way of committing an offence, partly on the person of the offender and partly even on his actions after the offence and before punishment. On principle an execution of punishment is necessary in cases of mortal drunken driving.

[Long-term safe driving practice--a bonus for alcohol perpetrators and those leaving the scene of an accident and its limitations]. / Langjährige unbeanstandete Fahrpraxis--ein Bonus für Alkoholtäter und Unfallflüchtige und seine Begrenzung.

Authors report about considerations to leave the driving license or to shorten the waiting period to receive back license in cases of a first alcohol offence or a flight after an accident when driver had a long driving experience. In 1981 such efforts were distinctly discussed for the first time. Meanwhile they have been taken up by jurisdiction, especially by law--courts of Saarland. This is proved by series of decisions. Suppositions for non-objected driver's experience as a bonus when decided upon withdrawal of license or about duration of waiting period for giving back license are precised. Moreover, the question is discussed in which case leaving of license or shortening of waiting period even in cases of a longyear experience as driver is not justified.

Ultrasonographic and hormonal studies in physiologic and insufficient menstrual cycles.

Intraovarian morphologic alterations in 6 physiologic menstrual cycles were studied by sonography and compared with 13 inadequate cycles with a short or missing luteal phase. In addition, basal body temperature, 17 beta-estradiol, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in serum were measured. The maximal follicle was significantly smaller in insufficient cycles (17.7 +/- 2.9 mm) than in physiologic cycles (23.0 +/- 2.3 mm). Corpus luteum structure was visualized in five of the six physiologic cycles but was not detected in insufficient cycles. Persistent polyfollicular reaction (greater than 3 follicles per ovary) without a dominant follicle larger than 10 mm was detected in the ovaries of three patients with clinical and hormonal signs of polycystic ovarian disease. Ultrasonography can be regarded as a useful additional tool in the evaluation and management of insufficient ovarian cycles.

Ultrasonographic and endocrinological studies of ovarian function.

Ovarian morphological alterations in 6 physiological menstrual cycles were studied by sonography and compared to 13 inadequate cycles with a short or missing luteal phase. In addition, basal body temperature (BBT) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and dehydro-epiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels in serum were measured. Maximal follicle were significantly smaller in insufficient cycles (17.7 +/- 2.9 mm) than in physiological cycles (23 +/- 2.3 mm). Corpus luteum (CL) structure was visualized in 5 of the 6 physiological cycles but was not detected in insufficient cycles. Persistent poly-follicular reaction (greater than 3 follicles/ovary) without a dominant follicle larger than 10 mm was detected in the ovaries of 3 patients with clinical and hormonal signs of polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD).