ABSTRACT
The main mechanism of innate immunity is the complement system. Its components include the protein products of the C1R and C5 genes, which are involved in the classical activation pathway as well as the inflammatory and cytolytic immune responses, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in C1R (726T > C) and C5 (1044A > C) genes, and the values of hematological and biochemical blood indices in suckling crossbred (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) piglets (n = 473), considering their age (younger, 21 ± 3 days, n = 274; older, 35 ± 3 days, n = 199) and health status. The frequencies of the C5 genotypes deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Younger piglets, healthy piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets with the C1R TT genotype all had lower white and red blood cell indices. In piglets with the C5 CC genotype, younger piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets, a greater number and/or percentage of monocytes were recorded in the blood. Older piglets also showed an increase in the number of leukocytes and granulocytes, along with a tendency for a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes in their blood. We concluded that a polymorphism in the C1R gene may exhibit a functional association or genetic linkage with other genes involved in the process of erythropoiesis. Furthermore the relationship between the C5 gene polymorphism and the number and/or percentage of monocytes in the blood may modify the body's defense abilities. Piglets with the CC genotype, having an increased number/proportion of these cells in their blood, probably display a weakened immune response to pathogens or a chronic stimulation of the immune system.
Subject(s)
Polymorphism, Genetic , Animals , Swine/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Chromosome Mapping , Genotype , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The relationship between PcR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in RNASE1 (296 A/G), ANG (149 G/T) and RNASE6 (389 C/T) genes and the values of haematological and biochemical blood indices was analysed in crossbred suckling piglets (n = 473), aged 21 ± 3 days (younger, n = 274) and 35 ± 3 days (older, n = 199), descending from Polish Large White × Polish Landrace sows and Duroc × Pietrain boars. The observed distribution of all genotypes was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Anaemia was more common in younger piglets with RNASE1 GA genotype but in the blood of older GA piglets a higher count and percentage of granulocytes were noted. This could be related to the destruction of erythrocytes in younger piglets and enhanced host defence in older ones. ANG gene polymorphism was associated with the severity of iron deficiency in younger piglets. This is supposed to be linked with the different ability to protect immune cells against suppression and degradation during iron deficiency. in older piglets, this mutation differentiated the reactivity of the immune system. Varying levels of iron status and red blood cell indices in RNASE6 genotypes presumably resulted from the coupling of genes involved in iron metabolism and expressed in an age-dependent manner.
Subject(s)
Endoribonucleases/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/genetics , Sus scrofa/blood , Sus scrofa/genetics , Age Factors , Animals , Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinary , Endoribonucleases/metabolism , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolismABSTRACT
Allele and haplotype segregation at the polymorphic sites within the promoter (23indel) and intron 1 (12indel) regions of the PRNP gene was analyzed in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle. More 23del/del homozygotes and fewer 23ins/ins homozygotes than expected were observed in the offspring of â 23ins/del × â 23ins/del parents. In the offspring of â 23ins/del × â 23del/del parents and â 23del/del × â 23ins/del parents, a trend toward more 23del/del animals and fewer 23ins/del animals than expected was noted. At the 12indel polymorphic site, the only trend found was one toward fewer 12ins/ins genotypes and more 12ins/del and 12del/del genotypes than expected in the offspring of â 12ins/del × â 12ins/del parents. An analysis of haplotype segregation revealed more 23del-12del/23del-12del diplotypes and fewer 23ins-12ins/23ins-12ins diplotypes at the significance threshold than expected in the offspring of â 23ins-12ins/23del-12del × â 23ins-12ins/23del-12del parents.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Cattle/genetics , Haplotypes/genetics , Introns/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Prions/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Animals , Gene Frequency/genetics , Inheritance Patterns/geneticsABSTRACT
The allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies among 837 Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle were determined at two regulatory indel polymorphisms of the PRNP gene. Allele frequencies at the 23 bp indel promoter polymorphism were 0.622 (del) and 0.378 (ins), with 0.613 and 0.387 in sires and 0.633 and 0.366 in dams. Allele frequencies at the 12 bp indel intron polymorphism were 0.527 (del) and 0.473 (ins), with 0.529 and 0.471 in sires and 0.543 and 0.456 in dams. Four haplotypes were identified in this population (23-12del, 23-12ins, 23del-12ins, and 23ins-12del). Haplotype 23-12del occurred most frequently in both sire and dam groups. Comparative analysis of Polish Holstein-Friesian and German Holstein populations revealed a similar genetic structure for the 23 bp indel polymorphism and a significantly different one for the 12 bp indel polymorphism. In allele and haplotype analysis, significant differences were observed between the Polish Holstein-Friesian population and a BSE-free German Holstein population.
Subject(s)
Cattle/genetics , INDEL Mutation , Polymorphism, Genetic , Prions/genetics , Animals , Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/genetics , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Variation , Haplotypes , Introns , Male , Poland , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
The molecular basis of BLAD is the D128G mutation of the gene coding for the CD18 subunit of beta-2 integrin. This mutation is lethal, since homozygous (BL/BL) animals die before they reach sexual maturity. In the 1990s, BLAD was the most widespread genetic disease in HF cattle worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of BLAD carriers among 4645 young breeding bulls in Poland in 1995-2006. The frequency of carriers of the mutated allele showed a clear decreasing trend. The highest frequency (7.9%) was recorded while implementing the BLAD control program (1995-1997). Regular monitoring has enabled a great reduction of this threat to the tested population. Today only sporadic cases of BL/TL heterozygotes are reported (ca. 0.8% in 2004-2006).
Subject(s)
CD18 Antigens/genetics , Cattle Diseases/genetics , Genetic Carrier Screening , Genetic Testing , Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Genotype , Heterozygote , Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome/genetics , Point Mutation , PolandABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to identify the deletion/insertion polymorphism of the bovine prion protein gene (PRNP) within the promoter sequence (23 bp), intron 1 (12 bp) and 3' untranslated region (14 bp). DNA was isolated from blood of 234 randomly tested Polish Holstein-Friesian cows and from semen of 47 sires used for artificial insemination (AI) in 2004. No statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of genotypes and alleles between cows and breeding bulls in the 3 analysed polymorphic sites within the PRNP gene. Only 3 haplotypes were identified in sires and 4 haplotypes in cows.
Subject(s)
Cattle/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Prions/genetics , 3' Untranslated Regions , Alleles , Animals , DNA/genetics , Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/genetics , Female , Gene Frequency , Haplotypes , Introns , Male , Poland , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
The diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 gene (DGAT1) was investigated in Polish Black-and-White cattle. The frequency of the K allele was 0.60, 0.68 and 0.48 for AI sires (n=150), young bulls (n=139) and cows (n=213), respectively. The method of selective genotyping for identification of the quantitative trait nucleotide was verified through identification of DGAT1 effect on milk production traits. Daughters of six heterozygous bulls were selectively genotyped based on their milk traits. The genotypic frequencies differed between high and low yield groups representing milk and fat contents. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a highly significant effect of DGAT1 K232A in cows with extremely low fat content and a significant effect in cows with extremely high protein content of milk. No significant effect of AI sires' genotypes on their breeding value was found.
Subject(s)
Acyltransferases/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Quantitative Trait Loci , Animals , Cattle , Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase , Genotype , MilkABSTRACT
We report on a PCR-RFLP procedure for recognising of a silent point mutation of ITGB2 CD18 subunit gene in cattle. Polymorphism screening was performed in a Polish Black-and-White cattle population (n=210). The genotype and allele frequencies were established in the sires and cows. Further research is needed to explain the possible applications of the CD18 silent point mutation as a potential molecular marker for high milk productivity.
