PUBLIC HEALTH VS. MEDICAL EXPLOITATION AS A TYPE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: This article will consider the forms of medical exploitation that occur in human trafficking (organ/tissue removal, conducting illegal experiments and forced pregnancy), as well as their impact on public health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This research is based on regulation acts, scientific articles, judgments of the ECHR and national court judgments. Such methods as dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, logical-semantic and method of content analysis. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Human trafficking is quite common. The purpose of any human trafficking is exploitation. A significant number of manipulations carried out with the human body for medical purposes allows us to single out an independent form of exploitation - «medical exploitation¼. The specified manifestations of medical exploitation cause irreparable damage to a person's physical and/or mental health. In the worst cases, it leads to the death of the victim. During medical exploitation, the psyche of a person who has become a victim of human trafficking always suffers. Sometimes her physical health can be adversely affected. The spectrum of the consequences is quite wide - from a slight deterioration in well-being to such damage to health that the victim becomes disabled. This leads to the deterioration of other determinants that determine the state of human health. Human trafficking for the purpose of medical exploitation ultimately harms public health, as the above-mentioned consequences reduce its level of safety, and also indicate the deterioration of the health of a significant number of individuals.

LEGAL REGULATION OF EPIDEMIC SECURITY UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONDITIONS IN SOME POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES AND POLAND.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To reveal the features of the epidemic safety and security legal regulation in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Russia and Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study is based on Belarusian, Kazakh, Moldavian, Polish, Russian and Ukrainian regulatory acts as well as national court judgments. Such methods as dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, comprehensive, statistical and generalization approaches have been used in the article. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: the study confirmed that the direct impact on the spread and dynamics of morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the countries to be analyzed is determined by: the presence of government agencies and special institutions involved in combating, preventing and monitoring the spread of infectious diseases and their readiness for effective measures in emergency situations caused, in particular, by epidemics; timeliness and duration of quarantine restrictions, their severity and scope; observance of these restrictions by the population; effectiveness of law enforcement responses to violations. The strengthening of administrative and/or criminal liability had no significant impact on the morbidity situation in the country.

Overview and analysis of occupational risks in healthcare of eastern europe countries.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Occupational risks affecting each healthcare professional are diverse and significantly affect their physical and psychological condition. They can conditionally be divided into risks resulting from: 1) the impact of the work process and pose a risk to the life and health of healthcare professionals; 2) the activities of healthcare professionals and pose a potential risk to the patients lives and health. The latter group poses a threat of criminal liability for the healthcare professional. It is the task of each state to ensure safe working conditions for the effective performance of their duties by healthcare specialists. However, according to the study, the analyzed Eastern European countries lack accurate statistics on occupational diseases of healthcare professionals, while the latter often do not seek specialized care and are treated on their own. The aim: to identify the types and causes of occupational risks for healthcare professionals working in the countries of Eastern Europe; to investigate the legislation of these countries under which medical professionals may be prosecuted/held guilty and, thus, criminally liable for causing harm to their patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Legislation of the Republic of Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine, international declarations and conventions, research papers, case law of the European Court of Human Rights, national court decisions of some East European countries. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Occupational risks to the healthcare professionals are risks to his or her life and health and risks of criminal liability for causing harm to the patient. The causes of the first type risk are: a significant prevalence proportion of infectious diseases; the use of faulty medical equipment; unregulated working day and low salaries; medical attendance of patients prone to aggression, etc. The healthcare professional shall be criminally responsible only if he/she is found guilty for infliction of harm to the life and health of the patient and the presence of the obligatory signs of a specific crime in his/her actions.