[Immunoprophylaxis of poliomyelitis in Ukraine with the use of inactivated vaccine].

In connection with the cessation of the circulation of "wild" poliovirus on the territory of the European region, including Ukraine, the strategy of the vaccinal prophylaxis of poliomyelitis is reviewed. Its main aims are the creation of a high level of the specific protection of the population, the prophylaxis of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and a decrease in the intensity of the circulation vaccine polioviruses. These aims may be achieved only by the inclusion of vaccinations with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) into the immunization schedule. IPV "Imovax Polio" produced by the firm "Aventis Pasteur" (France) has been shown to have low reactogenicity and high effectiveness, especially with respect to type 3 poliovirus, under the conditions of Ukraine. On the basis of our studies all children, starting from the age of 3 months, are recommended to be vaccinated first with two injections of IPV, followed by further immunization with oral vaccine.

[The characteristics of poliovirus strains circulating in Ukraine in 1982-1994]. / Kharakteristika shtammov poliovirusov, tsirkulirovavshikh v 1982--1994 gg.

The intratype characteristics of 219 strains of polioviruses isolated in Ukraine in 1982-1994 from infectious patients including those with poliomyelitis, healthy persons and from the environment objects (sewage, water of open reservoirs, drinking water, food products) are presented. It was shown that 38.35% of strains isolated from people and 15.12%--from abiotic objects possessed virulent properties, i.e., the long-term use of the live poliomyelitis vaccine has not stopped circulation of virulent polioviruses.

[The collective immunity of the population of the city of Kyïv and Kyïv Province to poliomyelitis]. / Izuchenie kollektivnogo immuniteta naseleniia g. Kieva i Kievskoi oblasti k poliomielitu.

The state of collective immunity to poliomyelitis has been studied for the population of the city of Kyïv and Kyïv Province. Insufficient safeguard of the examined quota from this infection has been shown. Special anxiety is caused by low indices of immunity to type III poliovirus. The expediency of revaccination of adult population is indicated.

[The sorption of poliovirus type 2 by a carbon sorbent]. / Sorbtsiia poliovirusa II tipa uglerodnym sorbentom.

Materials are presented concerning the study of a possibility to use highly active carbon sorbent "Dnepr-MH" to liberate the tape water from enteroviruses. Investigations were carried out on the model of the vaccine strain of type-II poliovirus. The sorbent samples, most active in respect of the virus sorption and differing by benzene capacity, were determined. Optimal concentration of a sorbent has been established, pH and water temperature were chosen under which the sorption processes are more active. High efficiency of tape water deprive of enterovirus pollution with the help of the above sorbent is demonstrated in the experiment.

[Detection of poliomyelitis viral strains in natural isolates and identification of them by polymerase chain reaction]. / Obnaruzhenie shtammov virusa poliomielita v prirodnykh izoliatakh i ikh identifikatsiia s pomoshch'iu polimeraznoi tsepnoi reaktsii.

One hundred and fifty nucleotide-long VP1/2A junction regions were sequenced in the RNAs of 19 strains isolated in 1990-1991 from patients with paralytic poliomyelitis in different regions of the former USSR. On the basis of the alignments of these sequenced RNAs, four pairs of 19-25 base-long oligodeoxynucleotide PCR primers were designed capable of detecting polio RNAs in isolated strains and of discriminating between polio genotypes. PCR with 520 polio virus strains isolated from patients, normal subjects, and environmental objects showed 428 of these strains to be related to Sabin's vaccine strains, whereas the rest were referred to A (30), T (24), and G (1) genotypes of serotype 1 and to C-genotype (37) of serotype 3. The designed primers were highly specific and did not cross-react between themselves and with primers specific for Sabin's vaccine strains in PCR.

[Enterovirus infections in Ukraine]. / Enterovirusnye infektsii v Ukraine.

An analysis has been done of isolation of enteroviruses from infectious patients with various diagnoses, as well as from those persons examined on epidemiological indications, and healthy children over a period of twelve years (1980-1992). There have been determined serotypes of enteroviruses prevailing in one or another form of infection as well as in healthy (asymptomatic) carriers. Enteroviruses were shown to have a potential role in the etiology of a major portion of those medical conditions diagnosed as serous meningitis, neuroinfection, ARVI, and others.

[The use of immunomodulators to enhance postvaccinal immunity to experimental poliomyelitis]. / Ispol'zovanie immunomoduliatorov s tsel'iu povysheniia postvaktsinal'nogo immuniteta k poliomielitu v éksperimente.

A possibility to use immunostimulator dibasole and methyluracil to increase [correction of decrease] the level of neutralising antibodies to polioviruses [correction of polyviruses] of types I, II, III in response to immunization by the alive poliomyelitis vaccine was studied in experiments on rabbits. The higher level of immune response when using the mentioned drugs, especially methyluracil, has been established; repeated immunization is needed to develop antibodies to poliovirus [correction of polyavirus] of type III.

[Escherichiosis in adults and the carriage of pathogenic Escherichia in some regions of Ukraine]. / Esherikhiozy u vzroslykh i nositel'stvo patogennykh ésherikhii v nekotorykh regionakh Ukrainy.

The role is shown of pathogenic Escherichieae (PE) in the development of escherichiosis in two regions with socioeconomic differences. The epidemiological picture of these infections depending on the age of the examined is analyzed. The seasonal character of circulation of pathogenic Escherichieae serogroups was found to play a major role in the etiology of escherichiosis in adults. The biological properties of the isolated strains were studied.

[The epidemiological surveillance of poliomyelitis in the Ukraine]. / Epidemiologicheskii nadzor za poliomielitom na Ukraine.

Correlation has been revealed between the circulation of polioviruses among the population and environmental objects. A rise in the circulation of polioviruses, type I, was caused by a decrease in collective immunity to this virus type. Water supply and sewage system purification was found ineffective with respect to enteroviral contamination. Vaccinal prophylaxis, carried out for many years, did not lead to the elimination of poliovirus strains, genetically different from vaccine ones.

[The use of an immunoenzyme method for detecting enteroviruses]. / Ispol'zovanie immunofermentnogo metoda dlia obnaruzheniia énterovirusov.

It was established as a result of these investigations that the immunoenzymatic method may be used for detection of enteroviruses both in materials from human subjects and from objects of the environment. It is shown that the immunoenzymatic method has advantages as compared with the virological.

[The epidemiology of escherichiosis at recreation areas]. / Epidemiologiia ésherikhiozov v zonakh rekreatsii.

A study of epidemiological and microbiological data (2073 epidemiological examinations of patients with escherichiosis and carriers of pathogenic Escherichia and microbiological examination of 2156 strains of pathogenic Escherichia) in two recreation zones with different types of industry (clean recreation zone and that with developed industry) revealed differences in the incidence of the escherichiosis morbidity and carrier state of Escherichia, age structure of patients and carriers, seasonal distribution of the patients and proportion of the serogroups of pathogenic Escherichia isolated in the zones. It is concluded that above findings are of importance for planning antiepidemic measures in case of escherichiosis.