ABSTRACT
Introduction: A humanitarian crisis means any event or series of events that are harmful to the health or security of the general population. The Niger Republic is currently facing a serious crisis amid the military coup of July 26, 2023. We fear that if nothing is done about it quickly, there could be a civil war in Niger and other neighboring countries. Aim: This present article aims to provide comprehensive knowledge about the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Niger, highlighting the factors that caused it and providing possible solutions for them. Methodology: A literature search was conducted on the recent humanitarian crisis caused by the military coup in Niger Republic using databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, World Health Organization, United Nations, online newspapers, and reports from 2013 to 2023. Result: We found that the humanitarian crisis amid the military coup in Niger Republic has further amplified the vulnerability of millions of Nigeriens to more problems in the Niger Republic. The number of Nigeriens in need of humanitarian assistance has reportedly increased by 65%, from 2.3 million in 2019 to 3.8 million in 2021. More than two million children in Niger have been impacted by the crisis in the country and need humanitarian assistance. Furthermore, other causes of the humanitarian crisis in the Niger Republic include sociodemographic factors, climate change, and other natural disasters. Conclusion: The humanitarian crisis in Niger, caused by different factors such as socioeconomic stagnation, environmental causes, food insecurity, terrorist activities, and internal displacement, is an alarming situation that requires an urgent solution and a response from the international community. There is a need to analyze all the underlying causes of humanitarian crises and find long-lasting solutions for them.
ABSTRACT
TiO2-based heterogeneous photocatalysis systems have been reported with remarkable efficiency to decontaminate and mineralize a range of pollutants present in air and water medium. In the present study, a series of visible light active metal oxide TiO2 nanoparticle were synthesized and evaluated for their photodegradation efficiency against emerging textile pollutant (Reactive Yellow 145) and antibacterial applications. In the first phase, nanomaterial synthesis was carried out following various synthesis parameters like addition of metallic impurities (different types and concentration) and calcination temperature. In the second phase, synthesized nanomaterials were screened for their performance in terms of photocatalytic degradation of RY145 and the best one (Fe-1-T-3 with 100% RY145 removal within 80 min of irradiation) was further optimized against various reaction parameters. To get knowledge about the insights of nanomaterial performance for degradation of different environmental pollutants, the most important is to understand their physicochemical properties utilizing different characterization techniques. The physical morphology and elemental dispersion of metal-doped TiO2 nanomaterials were analyzed and results indicated that added metallic impurities were well dispersed onto the substrate surface. The efficient nanomaterials selected from initial screening were further assessed for photocatalytic disinfection efficiency against human pathogenic bacterial strains. Antimicrobial activities of the metal oxide nanomaterial were tested against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacterial strains. Possible mode of interaction of nanomaterial with bacterial DNA for bacterial cell inactivation was predicted using molecular docking simulation. The research project has the potential to contribute to multiple disciplines like material synthesis, water disinfection, and as green solutions for the textile industry replacing traditional technologies.
