In vivo randomized trial of three marketed milk preparations enriched with calcium and vitamins (D and K) on bone mass and bone turnover markers from biological fluids in premenopausal Caucasian women.

INTRODUCTION: osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that leads to increased bone fragility and increased risk of fracture. OBJECTIVES: the aim of the present research was to determine the effectiveness of a diary intake of three different dairy products (250 ml) enriched with vitamins and calcium on decreasing bone mass. METHOS: the present study is a comparative trial of three dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D, parallel, randomized, double-blind andsingle-center. Bone mass content (BMC), bone mass density (BMD), T-score and Z-score were measured in different locations, besides biochemical markers along 18 months in premenopausal women. Two hundred and ten volunteers from all the three groups were submitted to the same monitoring procedures, consisting on blood extraction, urine collection and energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) done in the laboratory. The monitoring was carried on three times, first at month 0 (baseline), the second at month 9 (in the middle of the treatment) and, finally, at month 18 (the end of the treatment). RESULTS: the majority of anatomical locations showed both BMC and BMD decrease ranging between 0.5% and 1.5%. The T-score and the Z-scoreincreased in lumbar spine after the treatment with the dairy products. Moreover, the most noteworthy change on the biomarkers of bone resorption was showed by plasmatic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), with and increase between 20.7% and 29.5% after the intake of the different products. CONCLUSIONS: therefore, the intake of the three dairy products improves the bone mass in lumbar spine, leading to important changes in the concentration of biomarkers of bone resorption. Especially, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase seems to be strongly influenced by the intake of every dairy product. However, no significant differences were found between the different dairy products used in the present study. Therefore, the intake of dairy product seems to be more determinant than micronutrients supplementation.

In vivo randomized trial of three marketed milk preparations enriched with calcium and vitamins (d and k) on bone mass and bone turnover markers from biological fluids in premenopausal caucasian women / Ensayo clínico aleatorizado del efecto sobre la masa ósea de tres preparados lácteos comercializados enriquecidos con calcio y vitaminas (D y K)

Introduction: osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that leads to increased bone fragility and increased risk of fracture. Objectives: the aim of the present research was to determine the effectiveness of a diary intake of three different dairy products (250 ml) enriched with vitamins and calcium on decreasing bone mass. Methods: the present study is a comparative trial of three dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D, parallel, randomized, double-blind and single-center. Bone mass content (BMC), bone mass density (BMD), T-score and Z-score were measured in different locations, besides biochemical markers along 18 months in premenopausal women. Two hundred and ten volunteers from all the three groups were submitted to the same monitoring procedures, consisting on blood extraction, urine collection and energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) done in the laboratory. The monitoring was carried on three times, first at month 0 (baseline), the second at month 9 (in the middle of the treatment) and, finally, at month 18 (the end of the treatment).Results: the majority of anatomical locations showed both BMC and BMD decrease ranging between 0.5% and 1.5%. The T-score and the Z-score increased in lumbar spine after the treatment with the dairy products. Moreover, the most noteworthy change on the biomarkers of bone resorption was showed by plasmatic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), with and increase between 20.7% and 29.5% after the intake of the different products. Conclusions: therefore, the intake of the three dairy products improves the bone mass in lumbar spine, leading to important changes in the concentration of biomarkers of bone resorption. Especially, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase seems to be strongly influenced by the intake of every dairy product. However, no significant differences were found between the different dairy products used in the present study. Therefore, the intake of dairy product seems to be more determinant than micronutrients supplementation

Introducción: la osteoporosis es una enfermedad ósea metabólica que conduce a un aumento de la fragilidad ósea y un mayor riesgo de fractura. Objetivos: el principal objetivo fue determinar la efectividad de la ingesta diaria de tres productos lácteos diferentes enriquecidos con vitaminas y calcio para mejorar el proceso de remodelado óseo. Métodos: se emplearon tres productos lácteos fortificados con calcio y vitamina D. Se realizó un estudio paralelo, aleatorizado, doble ciego y unicéntrico. Para determinar los cambios en el estado óseo, se determinaron las siguientes mediciones: contenido de la masa ósea (CMO), densidad de la masa ósea (DMO), T-score y Z-score en diferentes lugares anatómicos, además de marcadores bioquímicos. El seguimiento se realizó durante 18 meses en mujeres premenopáusicas, las cuales fueron sometidas a los mismos procedimientos de seguimiento: extracción de sangre, recolección de orina y absorciometría de rayos X (DEXA). El seguimiento se llevó a cabo en tres ocasiones: primero, en el mes 0 (baseline); en segundo lugar, en el mes 9 (en mitad del tratamiento); y finalmente, en el mes 18 (el final del tratamiento). Resultados: la mayoría de las localizaciones anatómicas mostraron que el contenido y la densidad ósea disminuyeron entre el 0,5% y el 1,5%. El factor T-score y el factor Z-score aumentaron en la columna lumbar después del tratamiento con los productos lácteos. Por otra parte, el cambio más notable en los biomarcadores de la resorción ósea fue observado por la fosfatasa ácida resistente a tartrato, la cual aumentó entre un 20,7% y un 29,5% después de la ingesta de los diferentes productos. Tras el tratamiento, se observaron cambios en la concentración de biomarcadores relacionados con la resorción ósea, sobre todo en niveles de PTH-I, desoxipiridinolina y NTx. Conclusiones: la ingesta de los tres productos lácteos mejora la masa ósea en la columna lumbar, lo que lleva a cambios importantes en la concentración de biomarcadores de la resorción ósea. La fosfatasa ácida resistente al tartrato parece estar influenciada por la ingesta de los tres productos lácteos. Sin embargo, no se han encontraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes productos lácteos. Por lo tanto, la ingesta de productos lácteos en sí parece ser más determinante que la suplementación en micronutrientes de los diferentes productos

The Effect of Regular Intake of Dry-Cured Ham Rich in Bioactive Peptides on Inflammation, Platelet and Monocyte Activation Markers in Humans.

Background and aims: Dietary studies have shown that active biopeptides provide protective health benefits, although the mediating pathways are somewhat uncertain. To throw light on this situation, we studied the effects of consuming Spanish dry-cured ham on platelet function, monocyte activation markers and the inflammatory status of healthy humans with pre-hypertension. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy volunteers with systolic blood pressure of >125 mmHg were enrolled in a two-arm crossover randomized controlled trial. Participants received 80 g/day dry-cured pork ham of >11 months proteolysis or 100 g/day cooked ham (control product) for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week washout before "crossing over" to the other treatment for 4 more weeks. Soluble markers and cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. Platelet function was assessed by measuring P-selectin expression and PAC-1 binding after ADP (adenosine diphosphate) stimulation using whole blood flow cytometry. Monocyte markers of the pathological status (adhesion, inflammatory and scavenging receptors) were also measured by flow cytometry in the three monocyte subsets after the interventional period. Results: The mean differences between dry-cured ham and cooked ham followed by a time period adjustment for plasmatic P-selectin and interleukin 6 proteins slightly failed (p = 0.062 and p = 0.049, respectively), notably increased for MCP-1 levels (p = 0.023) while VCAM-1 was not affected. Platelet function also decreased after ADP stimulation. The expression of adhesion and scavenging markers (ICAM1R, CXCR4 and TLR4) in the three subsets of monocytes was significantly higher (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: The regular consumption of biopeptides contained in the dry-cured ham but absent in cooked ham impaired platelet and monocyte activation and the levels of plasmatic P-selectin, MCP-1 and interleukin 6 in healthy subjects. This study strongly suggests the existence of a mechanism that links dietary biopeptides and beneficial health effects.

Adherence to the "Mediterranean Diet" in Spain and Its Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk (DIMERICA Study).

BACKGROUND: Nutritional studies focus on traditional cultural models and lifestyles in different countries. The aim of this study was to examine the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, life habits, and risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among people living in different geographical regions in Spain. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in each region. The sampling scheme consisted of a random three-stage stratified sampling program according to geographic region, age, and gender. A total of 1732 subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess their nutrient intake, dietary habits, and exercise. A diet score that assesses the adherence of participants to the Mediterranean diet (range 0-10) was also applied. RESULTS: Southeastern Spain had the lowest score for adherence to the Mediterranean diet because of the low consumption of fish and plant products. A lower adherence score to the Mediterranean diet was strongly associated with the prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: A low level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet is accompanied by a high prevalence of hypertension and, therefore, a raised cardiovascular risk in the country. The adherence score could help identify individuals at greater cardiovascular risk.