ABSTRACT
The 5th WHO classification of thoracic tumours includes thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumour (SMARCA4-UT) among the "other epithelial tumours of the lung" chapter. Herein, we present a case of undifferentiated thoracic neoplasm with retention of SMARCA4 expression, lack of NUT fusion protein and loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression. After presenting the clinical and pathological features of the tumour, we carried out a review of the literature on the same topic. Albeit very rare, we believe this entity should be included in the heterogeneous group of undifferentiated neoplasms of the thorax.
Subject(s)
DNA Helicases , SMARCB1 Protein , Thoracic Neoplasms , Transcription Factors , Humans , SMARCB1 Protein/deficiency , SMARCB1 Protein/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Transcription Factors/deficiency , Thoracic Neoplasms/pathology , Thoracic Neoplasms/genetics , DNA Helicases/deficiency , DNA Helicases/genetics , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Nuclear Proteins/deficiency , Male , Female , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Middle Aged , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
The WHO Classification of Tumors, Thoracic Tumors, 5th edition, has outlined the use of TTF-1 and ΔNP63/P40 to discriminate between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In 2015, the first description of a rare non-small cell lung carcinoma featuring co-expression of glandular and squamous differentiation within most of the same individual tumor cells was reported on, with ultrastructural and molecular demonstration of such a biphenotypic differentiation. We herein describe an additional case of this rare tumor entity, which is confirmed to be an aggressive neoplasm despite potential targets of therapy.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Lung/pathology , Prognosis , Biomarkers, TumorABSTRACT
Kidneys retrieved from donors after cardiac death (DCD) pose significant challenges from a clinical and technical point of view, undergoing a variable degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury. At present, the utilization of kidneys is assessed according to the Karpinski score, which does not take into account the ischemic insult and does not predict the functional recovery of the organ once transplanted. Therefore, the correlation between biopsy results and post-transplant graft function is still debated. In this study we examined kidney biopsies from DCD donors; we calculated the Karpinski score and subsequently identified and quantified the ischemic lesions in the glomerular, interstitial, and tubular compartments. These same lesions were quantified in kidney biopsies from donors after brain death (DBD) in a case-control analysis. The collected data were correlated with the clinical data of the donors and the post-transplant follow-up. Proximal tubule alterations are crucial in ischemia-reperfusion damage, showing precise histological alterations, which are more frequent in DCD than in DBD donors and are statistically correlated with functional recovery of the organ. Quantification of ischemic tubular lesions in biopsies of kidneys from DCD donors is a useful tool for predicting post-transplant renal function and a valid parameter for assessing the quality of the graft.
