ABSTRACT
Abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and its aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles are a hallmark of tauopathies, neurodegenerative disorders that include Alzheimer's disease (AD). Active and passive Tau-immunotherapy has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to AD with mixed results. One of the limitations of active immunotherapy may be associated with the mediocre immunogenicity of vaccines that are not inducing therapeutically potent titers of antibodies. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of an anti-tau vaccine, AV-1980R/A composed of N terminal peptide of this molecule fused with an immunogenic MultiTEP platform and formulated in a strong adjuvant, AdvaxCpG in a Tg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. Experimental mice were immunized with AV-1980R/A and a control group of mice were injected with adjuvant only. Nontransgenic and tetracycline transactivator (tTA) transgenic littermates were included as baseline controls to contrast with the tau phenotype. Active immunization with AV-1980R/A induced very strong anti-tau humoral immune responses in both nontransgenic and transgenic mice with evidence of IgG in brains of AV-1980R/A vaccinated mice. These experimental animals displayed an improvement in short-term memory during a novel object recognition test. However, impairments in other behavioral tasks were not prevented by AV-1980R/A vaccinations. At the same time, high titers of anti-tau antibodies reduced hyperphosphorylated pSer396 tau but did not lower the level of other phosphorylated tau species in the brains of AV-1980R/A vaccinated mice. These data indicate that active immunotherapy with an N-terminal Tau epitope was only partially effective in improving cognition and reducing pathology in the stringent Tg4510 mouse model of tauopathy.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Vaccines , Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology , Tauopathies , Vaccination , tau Proteins/immunology , Animals , Antibody Formation , Disease Models, Animal , Epitopes/immunology , Memory , Mice , Mice, TransgenicABSTRACT
Studies were carried out on the neutrophil activity in a course of ulcerative colitis. Activity of lysozyme in blood serum as a granulocyte-derived enzyme was assessed. The studies included 60 patients who had 82 relapses and 11 patients with remissions. They were classified into mild, moderate and severe relapse according to severity of disease. Increased activity of lysozyme in blood serum was shown. That may indirectly prove the role of functional state of neutrophils in the disease.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/enzymology , Muramidase/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Neutrophils/enzymology , Neutrophils/physiology , Recurrence , Severity of Illness Index , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
Studies were carried out on the neutrophil activity in a course of a ulcerative colitis (UC). Phagocytic ability of granulocytes was assessed in spontaneous and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. The studies included 60 patients who had 82 relapses and 11 patients with remission. They were classified into mild, moderate and severe relapse according to severity of disease. Increased phagocytic ability of neutrophils in spontaneous and stimulated NBT reduction test was shown.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology , Indicators and Reagents , Neutrophils/physiology , Nitroblue Tetrazolium , Phagocytosis/physiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology , Endotoxins/pharmacology , Escherichia coli , Female , Formazans/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/metabolism , Nitroblue Tetrazolium/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Recurrence , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
The increasing problem is presented of Entamoeba histolytica invasion in patients with ulcerative colitis. The diagnostic-therapeutic management in five patients with amoebiasis is discussed in detail. This parasitic invasion occurred in five out of 103 patients with ulcerative colitis which accounts for 4.85%. This data is important for the treatment of chronically ill patients with ulcerative colitis.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Dysentery, Amebic/etiology , Adult , Animals , Chronic Disease , Dysentery, Amebic/diagnosis , Dysentery, Amebic/therapy , Entamoeba histolytica/isolation & purification , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The authors analysed 2849 patients who were admitted to the Department of General Surgery, Regional Hospital in Pisz in the years 1980-1989 with symptoms suggestive of appendicitis. In 983 cases surgical intervention was abandoned, because the symptoms regressed spontaneously or were caused by diseases of other organs. The pathological conditions associated with appendicitis are analysed in 1866 surgically treated patients. Cases of appendicitis caused by Oxyuris vermicularis, Salmonella-enteritidis and actinomycosis (one case each) and appendicular carcinoma (2 cases) are described in more detail. Attention is called to the aetiology, pathogenesis and treatment of these rare causes of appendicitis.
Subject(s)
Actinomycosis/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/complications , Appendiceal Neoplasms/complications , Appendicitis/etiology , Appendix/microbiology , Oxyuriasis/etiology , Salmonella Infections/etiology , Salmonella enteritidis , Actinomycosis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Appendiceal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Appendicitis/diagnosis , Appendix/parasitology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oxyuriasis/diagnosis , Salmonella Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
"The scale of overseas immigration and the exceptional importance of the role played by migrants in demographic, economic and cultural trends in Australia makes the immigration policy one of the key components of Australian politics. Both the immigration policy and the outcomes of this policy are shaped by four major groups of factors: demographic, economic, cultural, and political in a broad sense. The weighting of these factors changes from period to period. This paper looks at the extent to which some of these factors affect regional differentiation of the immigration pattern. The analysis is focused on the influences of employment structure and other socio-economic characteristics of different Australian regions, exerted on overseas migration to these regions." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
